83-726: Carolina Rebellion was a rock festival that took place annually in North Carolina . It was produced by AEG Live and Danny Wimmer Presents . The inaugural festival took place at the Metrolina Expo in Charlotte, North Carolina . The second year of the festival it was relocated to Rockingham Speedway in Rockingham, North Carolina . The festival took place at Rock City Campgrounds at Charlotte Motor Speedway in Concord, North Carolina in 2013 and
166-443: A "rock 'n' soul" style. Rawls also spoke to the crowd about the gritty experiences of African American life. After his set, he said to reporters that he was confident that "the blues is the way of the future. The fads come and go, but the blues remain. The blues is the music that makes a universal language." He described how rock artists were increasingly drawing from the blues to give their music more substance. Beverley Martyn sang
249-527: A 20-minute segue of "Alligator" into "Caution (Do Not Stop on Tracks)". Lydon commented: "The Grateful Dead were beautiful. They did at top volume what Shankar had done softly. They played pure music, some of the best music of the concert. I have never heard anything in music that could be said to be qualitatively better than the performance of the Dead, Sunday night. Brian Jones of the Rolling Stones introduced
332-603: A big act in the UK, and now gaining some attention in the U.S. after playing some New York dates two months earlier, the Who were propelled into the American mainstream at Monterey. The band used rented Sound City amps for their set, which were not as powerful as their regular Vox amps which they had left in England to save shipping costs. At the end of their frenetic performance of " My Generation ",
415-570: A diverse lineup to showcase a broad array of popular music trends. Initially, some of the earliest rock festivals were built on the foundation of pre-existing jazz and blues festivals, but quickly evolved to reflect the rapidly changing musical tastes of the time. For example, the United Kingdom's National Jazz Festival was launched in Richmond from 26 to 27 August 1961. The first three of these annual outdoor festivals featured only jazz music, but by
498-572: A few successful shows at the Whisky a Go Go . Redding's show, received well by the audience ("there is certainly more audible crowd participation in Redding's set than in any of the others filmed by Pennebaker that weekend") included a version of the Stones' " Satisfaction ". The festival would be one of his last major performances: Redding died only six months later, in a plane crash, at the age of 26. Ravi Shankar
581-674: A large pop festival here in June and we hope you can all come. ... Already booked: the Byrds, the Buffalo Springfield, the Jefferson Airplane and numerous of the Tomorrow groups now flourishing on the psychedelic San Francisco scene (what DOES psychedelic mean?) ... [I]t should be great too because nothing like this has ever been done and if pop music was ready, it is now and there never
664-449: A notional Monterey Pop festival as a way to validate rock music as an art form in the way in which jazz and folk were regarded. Taylor announced the festival on March 25, 1967, in his regular column for Disc and Music Echo magazine. The festival's board of governors included some such as Smokey Robinson and Berry Gordy who displayed initial enthusiasm but did little to organize the event. Local Big Sur resident and Stage Manager for
747-530: A reporter that "Brian was afraid that the hippies from San Francisco would think The Beach Boys were square and boo them." Wilson's assistant Michael Vosse recalled that Wilson thought the Beach Boys would have been criticized by festival goers who were intent on seeing British acid rock groups. Writer David Leaf posited that the band dropped out because they had no fitting material in their repertoire besides " Good Vibrations ". Mike Love stated that none of
830-515: A short set followed by Johnny Rivers . After Rivers was Eric Burdon leading his new incarnation of the Animals , introduced as the New Animals, re-interpreted the Stones song " Paint It Black ", adding electric violin . With this appearance, Burdon signaled a change to more of a politically charged hard rock style mixed with psychedelia . He later wrote the song " Monterey " about his experience at
913-409: A single day or evening, often indoors, and featuring only a handful of acts. Today, rock festivals are usually open-air concerts spread out over two or more days and many of the annual events are sponsored by the same organization. Production and financing Several of the early rock festival organizers of the 1960s such as Chet Helms , Tom Rounds , Alex Cooley and Michael Lang helped create
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#1732855068019996-539: A solely jazz festival that was inaugurated in 1965 in the Belgian city of Bilzen. The 1966 festival still featured mostly jazz acts. However, by the time of the third festival from 25 to 27 August 1967, rock and pop acts had edged out most of the jazz bands and become the main attraction. In the United States, rock festivals seemed to spring up with a more self-defined musical identity. Preceded by several precursor events in
1079-424: A specific genre and may in turn become known and large enough to be seen as festivals themselves, such as was The Glade at the famous Glastonbury Festival in England. Advances in sound reinforcement systems beginning in the 1960s enabled larger and larger rock festival audiences to hear the performers' music with much better clarity and volume. The best example was the pioneering work of Bill Hanley , known as
1162-404: A trippy Headlights liquid light show projected overhead, enticing hundreds to join the band on stage dancing. Grace Slick "sang as if possessed" while she swayed in a full-length blue robe. After this, Booker T. & the M.G.'s played a handful of instrumental R&B tunes, wearing brilliant lime green suits, then they were joined by an identically attired Otis Redding who electrified
1245-424: Is an open-air rock concert featuring many different performers, typically spread over two or three days and having a campsite and other amenities and forms of entertainment provided at the venue. Some festivals are singular events, while others recur annually in the same location. Occasionally, a festival will focus on a particular genre (e.g., folk , heavy metal , world music ), but many attempt to bring together
1328-529: The D. A. Pennebaker documentary, Monterey Pop . The artists did, however, have their flights and accommodation paid for. Apart from Shankar, each act was given up to 40 minutes for their performance. Several ended their sets earlier, including the Who, who played for only 26 minutes. Monterey's bill boasted a lineup that put established stars like the Mamas and the Papas, Simon & Garfunkel , Jefferson Airplane and
1411-512: The Hells Angels and Grim Reapers Motorcycle Club . Gravy in particular called his security group the "Please Force," a reference to their non-intrusive tactics at keeping order, e.g., "Please don't do that, please do this instead". When asked by the press — who were the first to inform him that he and the rest of his commune were handling security — what kind of tools he intended to use to maintain order at Woodstock in 1969, his response
1494-712: The Human Be-In at Golden Gate Park in San Francisco , where many attendees dropped acid for the first time ( lysergic acid diethylamide or LSD) and listened to Timothy Leary tell the crowd that people living in cities should reorganize as tribes and villages. This was one of the important precursors to the Summer of Love five months later. The Human Be-In directly inspired the Monterey International Pop Festival. The first American hippie-style rock festival
1577-508: The "father of festival sound", who provided the sound systems for numerous rock festivals including Woodstock. Other examples included the Wall of Sound invented in the 1970s to allow the Grateful Dead to play to larger audiences. Camping and crowd control Many festivals offer camping, either because lodging in the area is insufficient to support the crowd, or to allow easy multi-day access to
1660-546: The 1960s]. It seems fitting… that one of the most enduring labels for the entire generation of that era was derived from a rock festival: the ' Woodstock Generation'." Reflecting their musical diversity and the then-common term ' pop music ', for the first few years, particularly in the US, many rock festivals were called 'pop festivals'. This also served to distinguish them among the ticket-buying public from other, pre-existing types of music festivals such as jazz and folk festivals. By
1743-459: The American theater. Jacob's groundbreaking Monterey sound system was the progenitor of all the large-scale PAs that followed. It was a key factor in the festival's success and it was greatly appreciated by the artists—in the Monterey film, David Crosby can clearly be seen saying "Great sound system!" to bandmate Chris Hillman at the start of the Byrds' soundcheck. Lighting by Chip Monck attracted
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#17328550680191826-437: The Byrds alongside groundbreaking new acts from the UK and the U.S. Crowd estimates for the festival have ranged from 25,000 to 90,000 people, which congregated in and around the festival grounds. The fairgrounds' enclosed performance arena, where the music took place, had an approved festival capacity of 7,000, but it was estimated that 8,500 jammed into it for Saturday night's show, with many extra attendees standing around
1909-478: The Byrds on June 17, the second evening of the event. During mid–1967, the Beach Boys were struggling with numerous personal and professional issues. At the last minute, they announced that they could not play the gig due to Carl Wilson 's dispute with officials over his refusal to be drafted into military service, as well as the band's commitments to finishing the long-overdue " Heroes and Villains " single for Capitol Records . Another (unofficial) reason given for
1992-444: The Byrds, Jefferson Airplane, Ravi Shankar, Jimi Hendrix, the Who, Hugh Masekela , Grateful Dead , and the Rolling Stones' Brian Jones ("His Majesty Prince Jones smiled as he moved among the crowd"). The instruments used in the song imitate the styles of these performers. The festival did not become an annual event. However, in 2017 on the 50th anniversary of the festival, the "Monterey International Pop Festival – Celebrates 50 Years"
2075-526: The Holding Company returned for a short set designed to capture on film Janis Joplin singing "Ball and Chain". A team led by Cyrus Faryar , called Group With No Name, played a "terrible" set, as judged by Lydon. Buffalo Springfield , introduced by Peter Tork of the Monkees , appeared with a competent and efficient delivery of a half dozen songs, with "Bluebird" called out as memorable. Although already
2158-481: The Holding Company on the basis of their performance at Monterey. Country Joe and the Fish came next, delivering a funny performance with an anti-war message. Guitarist and songwriter Barry Melton said afterward that he put political messages in the band's music because "we feel that in this society, you have to make your stance clear. Others don't want to speak up in songs, be right up front." Melton said that taking LSD
2241-658: The Jimi Hendrix Experience at the Monterey Pop Festival on the evening of Sunday, June 18. Jimi Hendrix 's use of extremely high volumes, the feedback this produced, and the combination of the two along with his dive-bombing use of the vibrato bar on his guitar, produced sounds that, with the exception of the British in attendance, none of the audience had ever heard before. This, along with his look, his clothing, and his erotic antics onstage, had an enormous impact on
2324-543: The Monterey Jazz Festival, Paul Vieregee was brought in to be the Stage Manager for the Monterey Pop Festival, along with McCune Sound for production. The artists performed for free, with all revenue donated to charity, except for Ravi Shankar , who was paid $ 3,000 for his afternoon-long performance on the sitar . Country Joe and the Fish were paid $ 5,000, not by the festival, but from revenue generated from
2407-399: The Monterey Pop Festival. Lydon wrote that Nyro's "melodramatic" set, "accompanied by two dancing girls who pranced absurdly", was a disaster during which "the evening hit bottom". Other critics wrote that the black-gowned Nyro was out of sync with the psychedelic sensibilities of the event. Upon the conclusion of her set, Nyro was upset, having heard booing from the audience. While reviewing
2490-466: The Night Tripper, Blood, Sweat & Tears and Steppenwolf A recent innovation is the traveling rock festival where many musical acts perform at multiple locations during a tour. Successful festivals are often held in subsequent years. The following is an incomplete list. The following is a list of festivals that predominantly feature rock genres that take place on a regular basis. Most are held at
2573-687: The San Francisco area, the first two rock festivals in the US were staged in northern California on consecutive weekends in the summer of 1967: the KFRC Fantasy Fair & Magic Mountain Music Festival on Mount Tamalpais (10–11 June) and the Monterey International Pop Festival (16–17 June). The concept caught fire and spread quickly as rock festivals took on a unique identity and attracted significant media attention around
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2656-481: The Saturday afternoon show; their set was deemed "uninspired" by Lydon. In a thrilling display of raw emotion, Janis Joplin sang next, backed by Big Brother and the Holding Company . Joplin's wildly elemental interpretation of the blues standard " Ball and Chain " was described by Lydon as "the blues big mama style, tough, raw, and gutsy, and with an aching that few black singers reach." For the first time at Monterey Pop,
2739-413: The Stones went on tour, by which time Jones was dead. The Beatles had already stopped touring altogether. Meanwhile, the Who's striking performance brought them widespread fame in the US. Also notable was the festival's innovative sound system, designed and built by audio engineer Abe Jacob , who started his career doing live sound for San Francisco bands and went on to become a leading sound designer for
2822-535: The Street" was the final song performed at the festival, with Cass Elliot telling the audience "You're on your own". After the concert, members of Jefferson Airplane, the Jimi Hendrix Experience, and the Grateful Dead jammed together backstage for four more hours, stopping for breakfast at dawn. The Beach Boys ' Brian Wilson was among the festival's board members. His group was, at one point, slotted to perform after
2905-559: The U.S. – San Francisco, Los Angeles, Chicago, Memphis, Tennessee, and New York City – and it was the first time many of these bands had met each other in person. It was a particularly important meeting place for bands from the Bay Area and L.A., who had tended to regard each other with a degree of suspicion, and until that point the two scenes had been developing separately along fairly distinct lines. Paul Kantner of Jefferson Airplane said "The idea that San Francisco
2988-443: The Who and Ravi Shankar , the first large-scale public performance of Janis Joplin and the introduction of Otis Redding to a mass American audience. The festival embodied the theme of California as a focal point for the counterculture and generally is regarded as one of the beginnings of the " Summer of Love " in 1967 and the public debut of the hippie , flower power and flower children movements and era. Because Monterey
3071-404: The acts, but for certain others, particularly the Who and Hendrix, to film as much of the sets as possible. As a result, only one song was not captured in part at least from both acts' performances. Big Brother's scheduled set was not filmed because of a disagreement. However, due to the huge reaction the band got, they were asked to return to play two songs on Sunday, to be filmed specifically for
3154-464: The album Live: Ravi Shankar at the Monterey International Pop Festival . A dhun based on the raga Panchamse-Ghara (later miscredited as raga Bhimpalasi ) concluded the Monterey Pop film. The Blues Project opened the final night of the festival. Lydon said that their blues fusion music was "part blues, part Scottish air, part weird phrases that became images of ambiguity." Big Brother and
3237-512: The assumption that they were jamming together. Townshend said later, "It was just Jimi on a chair playing at me. Playing at me like 'Don't fuck with me, you little shit.'" The Mamas & the Papas closed the festival. They also brought on Scott McKenzie to play his John Phillips–written single " San Francisco (Be Sure to Wear Flowers in Your Hair) ". Their set included their hits " Monday, Monday " and " California Dreamin' ". The song "Dancing in
3320-556: The attention of the Woodstock Festival promoters. Electronic music pioneers Paul Beaver and Bernie Krause set up a booth at Monterey to demonstrate the new electronic music synthesizer developed by Robert Moog . Beaver and Krause had bought one of Moog's first synthesizers in 1966 and had spent a fruitless year trying to get someone in Hollywood interested in using it. Through their demonstration booth at Monterey, they gained
3403-480: The audience rose to their feet. This Saturday set was not recorded by filmmaker Pennebaker, so the group was asked to play again on Sunday night. San Francisco Examiner music critic Phil Elwood wrote that Joplin proved to be "the real queen of the festival". This ended up being Joplin's breakout appearance, bringing her fame far beyond the San Francisco Bay Area . Columbia Records signed Big Brother and
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3486-523: The audience was stunned as guitarist Pete Townshend smashed his guitar and slammed the neck against the amps and speakers. Smoke bombs exploded behind the amps and frightened concert staff rushed onstage to retrieve expensive microphones. At the end of the mayhem, drummer Keith Moon kicked over his drum kit as the band exited the stage. During Jimi Hendrix's stay in England, he and the Who had seen each other perform; they were both impressed with and intimidated by each other, so neither wanted to be upstaged by
3569-529: The audience with his sexually charged singing style. He sang his 1965 song " Respect " which was topping the charts because of a popular new interpretation by Aretha Franklin . Redding finished with a riveting " Try a Little Tenderness ". The crowd responded by standing and screaming for more. Redding had been included on the bill through the efforts of promoter Jerry Wexler , who saw the festival as an opportunity to advance Redding's career. Until that point, Redding had performed mainly for black audiences, besides
3652-408: The audience. To take things further, aware of the Who's planned explosive finale, he asked around for a can of lighter fluid, which he placed behind one of his amplifier stacks before beginning his set. He ended his Monterey performance with an unpredictable version of " Wild Thing ", which he capped by kneeling over his guitar, pouring lighter fluid over it, setting it on fire, and then smashing it onto
3735-482: The band members "were afraid to perform at Monterey" and explained that "Carl was to appear in federal court the Tuesday after the concert, but for all we knew, they were going to arrest him again if he performed onstage ... ". In a 1974 interview, he stated that he was "ready to go", but Brian "got sort of cold feet on the situation because he didn't trust that the people there in that organization were going to do right with
3818-494: The band pulled out of their performance, the ascendant underground effectively wrote the Beach Boys—one of the biggest American hitmakers of the decade—out of the '60s rock narrative that followed." The festival launched the careers of many who played there, making some of them into stars virtually overnight, including Janis Joplin. Monterey was also the first high-profile event to mix acts from major regional music centers in
3901-403: The band's cancellation was that Brian had had disagreements with the promoter. Carl later commented: "Brian was on the board and [the festival] changed several times, the concept of it, and he decided 'This is shit, let's not play it.' I think there were some people getting hostile about the group at the time, about the surfing thing and he figured, 'Fuck you,' or something like that." Asked about
3984-473: The blueprint for large-scale rock festivals in the United States, as well promoters such as Wally Hope in the United Kingdom. In various countries, the organizers of rock festivals have faced legal action from authorities, in part because such festivals have attracted large counterculture elements. In 1972, Mar Y Sol Pop Festival in Manatí, Puerto Rico attracted an estimated 30–35,000 people, and an arrest warrant
4067-406: The concert. The headliner of Friday night was Simon & Garfunkel , who started after midnight, and performed minimally with just two voices and one guitar. They finished at 1:30 am on Saturday morning. Lydon reviewed their set as sweetly retrospective, but "they seemed sadly left behind" by the shifting of rock music away from the duo's established folk rock style. Canned Heat started
4150-473: The crowd with "precisely" interpreted blues without being "uptight". One of Paul Butterfield 's standout harmonica solos was described as an exercise in serialism , breaking a "few notes into tiny bits and experiment[ing] with their regroupings." The next two bands were dismissed by Lydon as forgettable sets: Quicksilver Messenger Service and the Steve Miller Band . The final set of Saturday afternoon
4233-550: The decision, Bruce Johnston said "it went from 'Here's the money, here's the offer, you're headlining' to 'Now this is gonna be a non-profit show' so we pulled out." Other issues plaguing the group involved Brian and Dennis Wilson 's drug use. Many of the people involved with the festival thought that the group was simply too scared to compete with the "new music". Derek Taylor, who had previously worked as their publicist, presumed that "it had to be down to Brian. Those sorts of decision were always his, really." John Phillips told
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#17328550680194316-399: The end of 1972, the term 'pop festival' had virtually disappeared as festival promoters adopted more creative, unique and location-specific names to identify and advertise their events. While it was still in vogue, however, over-zealous promoters eager to capitalize on the festival concept made the most of it, with some using the term "Pop Festival" or "Rock Festival" to advertise events held on
4399-407: The festival's features. Festival planning and logistics are frequently a focus of the media, some festivals such as the heavily commercialized Woodstock 1999 were crowd control disasters, with insufficient water and other resources provided to audiences. Many early rock festivals successfully relied on volunteers for crowd control , for example individuals like Wavy Gravy and biker groups such as
4482-426: The film was too commercial and refused permission for their performance to be shown. The screening of the film in theaters nationwide helped raise the festival to mythic status, rapidly swelled the ranks of festival-goers looking for the next festival, and inspired new entrepreneurs to stage more such festivals around the country. Adler said the cameramen were instructed to capture at least two complete songs for most of
4565-403: The fourth "Jazz & Blues Festival" in 1964, a shift had begun that incorporated some blues and pop artists into the lineup. In 1965, for the first time the event included more blues, pop and rock acts than jazz, and by 1966, when the event moved to the town of Windsor, the rock and pop acts clearly dominated the jazz artists. A similar, though more rapid, evolution occurred with Jazz Bilzen ,
4648-656: The group was not included in the Pennebaker-produced film. Some of the Moby Grape footage was shown in 2007 as part of the 40th anniversary celebration of the film. An outtake of Moby Grape's performance of "Hey Grandma" appears on the bonus disc of the Criterion release of the film. Regarding the decision for Moby Grape to open the evening, guitarist Jerry Miller recalled that "everybody was arguing. Nobody wanted to play first and I said that would be fine for me." Moby Grape
4731-446: The group. Taylor remembered that dropping out of the program "undoubtedly set the band in a very bad light. They were certainly heavily criticized at the time for it. It seemed rather like an admission of defeat." Biographer Steven Gaines writes that the band's cancellation "had a snowballing effect" that came to represent "a damning admission that [they] were washed up". In the description of Pitchfork contributor Jesse Jarnow, "when
4814-531: The interest of acts including the Doors , the Byrds, the Rolling Stones, Simon & Garfunkel, and others. This quickly built into a steady stream of business, and the eccentric Beaver was soon one of the busiest session men in L.A. He and Krause earned a contract with Warner Brothers. Eric Burdon and the Animals later that same year, in their hit " Monterey ", quoted a line from the Byrds' song "Renaissance Fair" ("I think that maybe I'm dreamin'") and mentioned performers
4897-420: The money and everything, and sure enough there was a scandal about that about a year or two after." Stephen Desper , who was a sound engineer for the event, wrote that the band dropped out due to Love's objections toward Coca-Cola , one of the event's sponsors. In 2017, Love reflected that drugs were influencing the band's decisions at the time and maintained that pulling out of Monterey was not his doing. In
4980-404: The money often gathered through fundraising and angel investors . Stages and sound systems While rock concerts typically feature a small lineup of rock bands playing a single stage, rock festivals often grow large enough to require several stages or venues with live bands playing concurrently. As rock music has increasingly been fused with other genres, sometimes stages will be devoted to
5063-405: The other. They decided to toss a coin, resulting in the Who winning the right to play first. The festival crew cleared the mess left behind by the Who, and set the stage for the Grateful Dead . While a psychedelic light show was projected overhead, the band, fronted by lead guitarist and singer Jerry Garcia , played extended jams, starting with "Viola Lee Blues" for 14 minutes, and finishing with
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#17328550680195146-1439: The promoters aimed to make that the permanent venue. In 2013, Carolina Rebellion expanded to two days and to three days in 2016. Due to a split between DWP and AEG Live, a new festival, Epicenter , was announced on November 28, 2018, to be the replacement for Carolina Rebellion, scheduled to start in 2019. May 7 Monster Carolina Stage Monster Rebellion Stage Jägermeister stage May 5 Monster Carolina Stage Monster Rebellion Stage Jägermeister Stage Day 1, Saturday May 4 Monster Energy Carolina Stage Monster Energy Rebellion Stage Jägermeister Stage Day 2, Sunday May 5 Monster Energy Carolina Stage Monster Energy Rebellion Stage Jägermeister Stage Day 1, Saturday May 3 Monster Energy Carolina Stage Monster Energy Rebellion Stage Jägermeister Stage Day 2, Sunday May 4 Monster Energy Carolina Stage Monster Energy Rebellion Stage Jägermeister Stage Day 1, May 2 Monster Energy Carolina Stage Monster Energy Rebellion Stage ReverbNation Stage Jägermeister Stage Day 2, May 3 Monster Energy Carolina Stage Monster Energy Rebellion Stage ReverbNation Stage Jägermeister Stage Day 1, Friday May 6 Monster Energy Carolina Stage Monster Energy Rebellion Stage Black Stage Gold Stage Day 2, Saturday May 7 Rock festival A rock festival
5229-488: The raw footage in the 1990s, Pennebaker picked out an audience member saying "beautiful", and invited Nyro to witness it, but she died before this could be arranged. With two huge singles behind them, San Francisco–based Jefferson Airplane was one of the major attractions of the festival, having built a large following on the West Coast. Lydon wrote that the band "thoroughly proved themselves" masters of psychedelia, aided by
5312-545: The same location on an annual basis. Some, like Farm Aid are held at different venues with each incarnation. Monterey International Pop Festival The Monterey International Pop Festival was a three-day music festival held June 16 to 18, 1967, at the Monterey County Fairgrounds in Monterey, California . The festival is remembered for the first major American appearances by the Jimi Hendrix Experience ,
5395-423: The showboating does distract from the history made that night—the dawning of an instrumental technique so effortlessly fecund and febrile that rock has yet to equal it, though hundreds of metal bands have gotten rich trying. Admittedly, nowhere else will you witness a Hendrix still uncertain of his divinity. Backstage before their sets, Hendrix played his guitar while staring at guitarist Pete Townshend , who denied
5478-493: The sides of the arena. Festival-goers who wanted to see the musical performances were required to have either an 'all-festival' ticket or a separate ticket for each of the five scheduled concert events they wanted to attend in the arena: Friday night, Saturday afternoon and night, and Sunday afternoon and night. Ticket prices varied by seating area, and ranged from $ 3 to $ 6.50 ($ 27–59 in 2024, adjusted for inflation). The song " San Francisco (Be Sure to Wear Flowers in Your Hair) "
5561-553: The stage seven times before throwing its remains into the audience. This performance put Hendrix on the map and generated an enormous amount of attention in the music press and newspapers alike. Robert Christgau later wrote in The Village Voice of Hendrix's performance: Music was a given for a Hendrix stuck with topping The Who's guitar-smashing tour de force. It's great sport to watch this outrageous scene-stealer wiggle his tongue, pick with his teeth, and set his axe on fire, but
5644-559: The week after the festival had occurred, Brian traveled to the Monterey County Fairgrounds to pick up programmes of the event. According to journalist Domenic Priore , the band attempted to "make up for their non-appearance" by recording a live album, Lei'd in Hawaii , but it was never released. The Beach Boys' sudden cancellation drew much criticism from the music press, and it had a long-lasting impact on critics' opinions of
5727-406: The world. By 1969, promoters were staging dozens of them. According to Bill Mankin, in their dawning age rock festivals were important socio-cultural milestones: "… it would not be an exaggeration to say that, over a few short years, rock festivals played a unique, significant – and underappreciated – role in fueling the countercultural shift that swept not only America but many other countries [during
5810-431: Was Eastman Kodak 's recently released "high-speed" 16mm Ektachrome 100 ASA color reversal motion picture stock, without which the nighttime shows would have been virtually impossible to shoot in color. Sound was captured by Wally Heider 's mobile studio on a then state-of-the art eight-channel recorder , with one track used for the crystal-sync tone, to synchronize it with the film cameras. The Grateful Dead believed that
5893-578: Was the Electric Flag , a band led by guitarist Mike Bloomfield , containing Buddy Miles on drums, Barry Goldberg on organ, and Nick Gravenites singing in front. Their act was hailed as a "smash success" by Lydon. David Crosby announced later that night that if anyone in the audience had failed to see Electric Flag play, "man, you are out of it, so far out of it." Moby Grape kicked off Saturday evening's concert with an unmemorable performance, according to Lydon. Due to legal and managerial disputes,
5976-459: Was "Cream pies and seltzer bottles ." Other rock festivals hire private security or local police departments for crowd control, with varying degrees of success. Saturday, 21 June - Eric Anderson, Al Kooper, The Band, Bonzo Dog Band, Johnny Winter, Velvet Underground and Sly & the Family Stone. Sunday, 22 June - Ronnie Hawkins, Chuck Berry, Kensington Market, Tiny Tim, Nucleus, Dr. John &
6059-408: Was a time like the present anyway. – Derek Taylor , Disc and Music Echo , March 25, 1967 The festival was planned in seven weeks by John Phillips of the Mamas & the Papas , record producer Lou Adler , Alan Pariser and publicist Derek Taylor . Monterey and Big Sur had been known as the site for the long-running Monterey Jazz Festival and Big Sur Folk Festival ; the promoters saw
6142-442: Was another artist who was introduced to the U.S. at the festival. Shankar's set began Sunday afternoon following a rainy morning, and the audience filled the arena to about 80% capacity. All other musical acts played to a packed house. He and his group of East Indian instrumentalists played for three hours, after asking everyone to refrain from photography and smoking. Shankar performed several ragas , two of which were released on
6225-472: Was followed by a "terrible" showing by South African trumpeter Hugh Masekela , helped only by a spirited display by Danny "Big Black" Rey on the congas . The Byrds sang some hits and some new songs, but did not energize the crowd. The band ended with a new single, " So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star ", featuring Masekela on trumpet, reprising his participation in the studio recording. A 20-year-old Laura Nyro gave one of her earliest performances at
6308-457: Was held at the same venue on the same weekend, with the participation of Lou Adler. Norah Jones, daughter of Ravi Shankar, was one of the headliners. The festival was the subject of a documentary movie titled Monterey Pop by noted documentary filmmaker D.A. Pennebaker . Pennebaker's team used recently developed portable 16mm crystal-sync motion picture cameras that stayed synchronized with double-system sound-recording systems. The film stock
6391-680: Was held during June 10–11 at Mount Tamalpais in Marin County , California, produced by radio station KFRC as the Fantasy Fair and Magic Mountain Music Festival . Star performers included the Doors , the Sons of Champlin , Moby Grape , the Steve Miller Blues Band , Jefferson Airplane , Hugh Masekela , Country Joe and the Fish , Canned Heat and the Byrds ; the latter seven acts also played Monterey Pop one week later. We are holding
6474-513: Was heralding was a bit of freedom from oppression." Monterey also marked a significant changing of the guard in British music. The Who and Eric Burdon and the Animals represented the UK, with the Beatles and the Rolling Stones conspicuously absent. The Stones' Brian Jones was seen many times strolling through the crowds, resplendent in full psychedelic regalia, and appeared on stage briefly to introduce Jimi Hendrix. It would be two more years before
6557-464: Was issued for promoter Alex Cooley, who avoided arrest by leaving the island before the festival was over. British Free Festival organizers Ubi Dwyer and Sid Rawle were imprisoned for attempting to promote a 1975 Windsor Festival. The British police would later outright attack free festival attendees at the 1985 Battle of the Beanfield . Festivals may require millions of USD to be organized, with
6640-498: Was part of his "liberation", allowing him to draw from many different musical genres. "When I hear a sound that is groovy I use it. I try to find music all over the place. Listening to anything can give you musical ideas. That's freedom, and maybe that's psychedelic." Organist Al Kooper sang and played two extended songs for a half hour, followed by the Butterfield Blues Band who were appraised by Lydon as reinvigorating
6723-508: Was rising steadily on the Billboard Hot 100 . The Association was followed by the Paupers , a rock band from Toronto, who delivered a "screaming volume and a racy quality," according to Lydon. The Paupers were proud to be judged on their music alone, not relying on "gimmicks" or lighting effects. The next act was blues singer Lou Rawls fronting a big band , the song arrangements conveying
6806-447: Was widely promoted and heavily attended, featured historic performances, and was the subject of a popular theatrical documentary film, it became an inspiration and a template for future music festivals, including the Woodstock Festival two years later. Rolling Stone publisher Jann Wenner said "Monterey was the nexus – it sprang from what the Beatles began, and from it sprang what followed." In early 1967, Michael Bowen produced
6889-537: Was written by Phillips and sung by Scott McKenzie , released in May 1967, to promote the event. The Los Angeles–based band the Association with hits such as " Along Comes Mary " and "Never My Love" was the first act to perform at the festival. Newsweek magazine's reporter Michael Lydon reviewed their performance as having a "professional style and entertaining manner," especially on their latest hit single " Windy ", which
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