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23-671: Cardopatiinae Carduinae Carlininae Centaureinae Echinopsidinae The Cardueae are a tribe of flowering plants in the daisy family ( Asteraceae ) and the subfamily Carduoideae. Most of them are commonly known as thistles ; four of the best known genera are Carduus , Cynara (containing the widely eaten artichoke ), Cirsium , and Onopordum . They are annual , biennial , or perennial herbs . Many species are thorny on leaves, stems, or involucre , and some have laticifers or resin conduits. Almost 80 genera comprising 2500 species are assigned to this tribe, native of temperate regions of Europe and Asia (especially

46-641: A pollen grain . The pollen is eventually released when the anther forms openings ( dehisces ). These may consist of longitudinal slits, pores, as in the heath family ( Ericaceae ), or by valves, as in the barberry family ( Berberidaceae ). In some plants, notably members of Orchidaceae and Asclepiadoideae , the pollen remains in masses called pollinia , which are adapted to attach to particular pollinating agents such as birds or insects. More commonly, mature pollen grains separate and are dispensed by wind or water, pollinating insects, birds or other pollination vectors. Pollen of angiosperms must be transported to

69-402: A great variety of patterns, some of them highly complex. It generally surrounds the gynoecium and is surrounded by the perianth . A few members of the family Triuridaceae , particularly Lacandonia schismatica and Lacandonia brasiliana , along with a few species of Trithuria (family Hydatellaceae ) are exceptional in that their gynoecia surround their androecia. Depending on

92-476: A multi-rowed sheath. Numerous capitulas form spherical inflorescences of the second order, which have a diameter of 4 to 8 centimeters. The capitulas bloom from top to bottom within a head. The corolla is tubular, divided almost to the base. The flower color is steel blue to white, the inflorescences as a whole are usually bluish. The stamens are blue-gray. The achenes are cylindrical, pentagonal and hairy. The pappus has short scales. Many species belonging to

115-434: A number of species in this genus that are claimed to have traditional medicinal uses but their biological effect not yet been evaluated. The common traditional uses can fall into three general groups. The frequently described application is to treat symptoms like inflammation , pain, and fever . The other common traditional uses is to treat ailments related to respiratory tract including cough and sore throat. Members of

138-591: A tiny fraction of a millimeter in Wolfia spp up to five inches (13 centimeters) in Canna iridiflora and Strelitzia nicolai . The stamens in a flower are collectively called the androecium . The androecium can consist of as few as one-half stamen (i.e. a single locule ) as in Canna species or as many as 3,482 stamens which have been counted in the saguaro ( Carnegiea gigantea ). The androecium in various species of plants forms

161-455: Is a genus of about 130 species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae , commonly known as globe thistles . They have spiny foliage and produce blue or white spherical flower heads. They are distributed from central Asia, Mongolia and north-eastern China to the Mediterranean basin, temperate regions of Eurasia, reaching to Indian subcontinent and tropical Africa. Globe thistle

184-458: Is called appendiculate , e.g. Nerium odorum and some other species of Apocynaceae . In Nerium , the appendages are united as a staminal corona. A column formed from the fusion of multiple filaments is known as an androphore . Stamens can be connate (fused or joined in the same whorl) as follows: Anther shapes are variously described by terms such as linear , rounded , sagittate , sinuous , or reniform . The anther can be attached to

207-458: Is called a staminate flower , or (inaccurately) a male flower. A flower with a functional pistil but no functional stamens is called a pistillate flower , or (inaccurately) a female flower. An abortive or rudimentary stamen is called a staminodium or staminode , such as in Scrophularia nodosa . The carpels and stamens of orchids are fused into a column . The top part of the column

230-410: Is formed by the anther, which is covered by an anther cap . Stamens can also be adnate (fused or joined from more than one whorl): They can have different lengths from each other: or respective to the rest of the flower ( perianth ): They may be arranged in one of two different patterns: They may be arranged, with respect to the petals : Where the connective is very small, or imperceptible,

253-450: Is termed a locule ) and are attached to the filament either at the base or in the middle area of the anther. The sterile tissue between the lobes is called the connective , an extension of the filament containing conducting strands. It can be seen as an extension on the dorsal side of the anther. A pollen grain develops from a microspore in the microsporangium and contains the male gametophyte . The size of anthers differs greatly, from

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276-447: Is the host plant of weevils Larinus vulpes and Larinus onopordi . Source: The globe thistle species are perennial herbaceous plants . They form rhizomes as perennial organs. The independently upright stems are angular. The alternately arranged leaves are one to two-pinnately divided and white, woolly and tomentose on the underside. The capitulas are single-flowered, have a hermaphrodite tubular flower and are surrounded by

299-517: The International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants , which requires them to be based on a generic name. The name has been corrected by some authors to Cynareae, but this was not the name that was published in 1806. Christian Friedrich Lessing published Cynareae in 1830, but Henri Cassini had already published Cardueae in 1819, and as Lessing included Carduus in Cynareae, his name

322-443: The stigma , the receptive surface of the carpel , of a compatible flower, for successful pollination to occur. After arriving, the pollen grain (an immature microgametophyte) typically completes its development. It may grow a pollen tube and undergo mitosis to produce two sperm nuclei. In the typical flower (that is, in the majority of flowering plant species) each flower has both carpels and stamens . In some species, however,

345-520: The Mediterranean region and Minor Asia), Australia and tropical Africa; only three genera contain species native to the Americas. The correct name for the tribe has been disputed. In 1806, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and Augustin Pyramus de Candolle published the name Cynarocephalae. This is a descriptive name, referring to the bluish colour of the flower heads. Such descriptive names for tribes are not valid under

368-474: The anther (anther sacs or pollen sacs). The two separate locules on each side of an anther may fuse into a single locule. Each microsporangium is lined with a nutritive tissue layer called the tapetum and initially contains diploid pollen mother cells. These undergo meiosis to form haploid spores. The spores may remain attached to each other in a tetrad or separate after meiosis. Each microspore then divides mitotically to form an immature microgametophyte called

391-425: The anther lobes are close together, and the connective is referred to as discrete , e.g. Euphorbia pp., Adhatoda zeylanica . Where the connective separates the anther lobes, it is called divaricate , e.g. Tilia , Justicia gendarussa . The connective may also be a long and stalk-like, crosswise on the filament, this is a distractile connective, e.g. Salvia . The connective may also bear appendages, and

414-400: The flowers are unisexual with only carpels or stamens. ( monoecious = both types of flowers found on the same plant; dioecious = the two types of flower found only on different plants). A flower with only stamens is called androecious . A flower with only carpels is called gynoecious . A pistil consists of one or more carpels. A flower with functional stamens but no functional pistil

437-546: The genus Echinops are traditionally used as medicinals mainly in Africa and Asia. The genus is reported to contain diverse secondary metabolites . More than 151 secondary metabolites have been reported in this genus which thiophenic compounds held the biggest share. Various extracts, essential oils, and isolated compounds from members of this genus are shown to exhibit different biological effects mainly anti-microbial , anti-proliferative , and anti-inflammatory . However, there are

460-469: The genus have been used as an aphrodisiac , facilitation of expulsion of retained placenta and delivery, as an abortifacient , treatment of uterus tumor and leucorrhoea . Species include: This Cardueae article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Stamen A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filament and an anther which contains microsporangia . Most commonly anthers are two-lobed (each lobe

483-432: The species of plant, some or all of the stamens in a flower may be attached to the petals or to the floral axis . They also may be free-standing or fused to one another in many different ways, including fusion of some but not all stamens. The filaments may be fused and the anthers free, or the filaments free and the anthers fused. Rather than there being two locules, one locule of a stamen may fail to develop, or alternatively

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506-496: The two locules may merge late in development to give a single locule. Extreme cases of stamen fusion occur in some species of Cyclanthera in the family Cucurbitaceae and in section Cyclanthera of genus Phyllanthus (family Euphorbiaceae ) where the stamens form a ring around the gynoecium, with a single locule. Plants having a single stamen are referred to as "monandrous." A typical anther contains four microsporangia. The microsporangia form sacs or pockets ( locules ) in

529-437: Was superfluous. Some authors have divided the plants traditionally held to be in this tribe into three tribes: Cynareae in the narrow sense, Carlineae, and Echinopeae. However, other authors have retained the traditional broader classification. This Cardueae article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Echinopsidinae About 130 species, see text Echinops / ˈ ɛ k ɪ n ɒ p s /

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