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77-840: Caraballo ( Spanish pronunciation: [kaɾaˈβaʝo] ) is a Spanish surname. Notable people with the surname include: Alejandra Caraballo (born 1990 or 1991), American civil rights attorney Edward Caraballo (born c.  1961 ), American photojournalist Erwin Caraballo (born 1981), Venezuelan sport wrestler Francisco Caraballo (born 1983), Venezuelan baseball player José Caraballo (1930–1992), Puerto Rican painter Ramon Caraballo (born 1969), Dominican Republic baseball player Wilfredo Caraballo (born 1947), Puerto Rican politician See also [ edit ] Caraballo Mountains , mountain range of Luzon, Philippines [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with

154-477: A Brooklyn community board . In 2020 she announced her candidacy for New York City's 35th City Council district seat, and campaigned on defunding the New York City Police Department and redirecting the funds towards other services, as well as improving affordable housing. She ultimately left the race before the election. Caraballo is a democratic socialist . As of April 2021 , she

231-545: A J.D. from Brooklyn Law School , where she studied with a concentration in intellectual property and media law . Shortly after she passed the bar exam , she came out as transgender . Caraballo is Latina . Caraballo was a staff attorney at the LGBTQ Law Project at the New York Legal Assistance Group , representing LGBT individuals seeking asylum and other immigrants. She then worked as

308-471: A particular social group (LGBTQ+ individuals) who were persecuted and feared further persecution by the government of Cuba. The Board of Immigration Appeals upheld the decision in 1990, and in 1994, then-Attorney General Janet Reno ordered this decision to be a legal precedent binding on Immigration Judges and the Asylum Office, and established sexual orientation as a grounds for asylum. However, in 2002

385-563: A 19-year-old woman from the Tchamba-Kunsuntu people of Togo, became the first person to be granted asylum in the United States to escape female genital mutilation . In August 2014, the Board of Immigration Appeals , the United States's highest immigration court, found for the first time that women who are victims of severe domestic violence in their home countries can be eligible for asylum in

462-507: A chance to start a new life. A 2015 report issued by the LGBT Freedom and Asylum network identifies best practices for supporting LGBT asylum seekers in the US. The US State Department has also issued a factsheet on protecting LGBT refugees. Female asylum seekers may encounter issues when seeking asylum in the United States due to what some see as a structural preference for male narrative forms in

539-428: A constant risk of detention . The ICE has statutory authority to detain any person suspected of violating immigration laws. As of December 2018, 47,486 people were detained for various reasons. Of those 29,753 had no criminal conviction . Detention centers are government-funded facilities modeled after U.S. prisons. An Unaccompanied Refugee Minor (URM) is any person who has not attained 18 years of age who entered

616-461: A deviant behavior in the US; as such, the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 barred homosexual individuals from entering the United States due to concerns about their psychological health. One of the first successful LGBT asylum pleas to be granted refugee status in the United States due to sexual orientation was a Cuban national whose case was first presented in 1989. The case was affirmed by

693-419: A fear of persecution on account of a protected ground, is unable or unwilling to avail himself of the protection of the state. Protected grounds include race, nationality, religion, political opinion and membership of a particular social group . The signatories to these agreements are further obliged not to return or " refoul " refugees to countries or places where they would face persecution. This commitment

770-493: A particular social group. The applicant can demonstrate well-founded fear by demonstrating that he or she has a subjective fear (or apprehension) of future persecution in her home country that is objectively reasonable. An applicant's claim for asylum is stronger where they can show past persecution, in which case they will receive a presumption that they have a well-founded fear of persecution in their home country. The government can rebut this presumption by demonstrating either that

847-695: A staff attorney with the Transgender Legal Defense & Education Fund , focusing on national advocacy. In 2021, she joined the Cyberlaw Clinic at the Harvard Law School as a clinical instructor. She and another instructor who began teaching the same month were the first trans women of color to teach at the law school. The New York Times described Caraballo as an expert on transgender issues; she has spent years monitoring anti-LGBT rhetoric online. Starting in 2019, Caraballo served on

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924-415: A strong defense strategy. Overall, the proactive nature, greater control over evidence, and less adversarial legal environment make it generally easier for immigration clinics to assist clients seeking affirmative asylum compared to defensive asylum. This underscores the importance of early intervention and comprehensive legal support in asylum-seeking processes. Immigrants who were picked up after entering

1001-520: A tweet published on December 29, 2022, Caraballo suggested that the arrest of American-British social media personality Andrew Tate in Romania on human trafficking charges was facilitated by a video he posted online revealing his location by showing the name of a Romanian pizzeria. Caraballo's tweet quickly went viral and led to the proliferation of the rumor online. A spokesperson for Romania's Directorate for Investigating Organized Crime and Terrorism said

1078-447: A work permit is unique among developed countries and has been condemned from some organisations, including Human Rights Watch . Up until 2004, recipients of asylee status faced a wait of approximately fourteen years to receive permanent resident status after receiving their initial status, because of an annual cap of 10,000 green cards for this class of individuals. However, in May 2005, under

1155-762: Is coordinated by the U.S. Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR), a branch of the United States Administration for Children and Families . The mission of the URM program is to help people in need "develop appropriate skills to enter adulthood and to achieve social self-sufficiency." To do this, URM provides minors under the program with the same social services available to U.S.-born children, including, but not limited to, housing, food, clothing, medical care, educational support, counseling, and support for social integration. The United States does not fund legal representation for asylum seekers, but it does offer funding to aid

1232-532: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Alejandra Caraballo Alejandra Caraballo ( Spanish pronunciation: [aleˈxandɾa kaɾaˈβaʎo] ; born 1990 or 1991 ) is an American civil rights attorney and clinical instructor at the Harvard Law School Cyberlaw Clinic. Caraballo is a transgender rights activist and has spoken out against anti-LGBTQ legislation, policies, and rhetoric . When Caraballo

1309-412: Is eligible for a work permit (employment authorization) after their application for asylum has been pending for 365 days. If an asylum seeker is recognized as a refugee, he or she may apply for lawful permanent residence status (a green card) one year after being granted asylum. Asylum seekers generally do not receive economic support. This, combined with a period where the asylum seeker is ineligible for

1386-522: Is eligible for asylum, the Attorney General may decline to extend that protection to the applicant. (The Attorney General does not have this discretion if the applicant has also been granted withholding of deportation.) Frequently the Attorney General will decline to extend an applicant the protection of asylum if he has abused or circumvented the legal procedures for entering the United States and making an asylum claim. An in-country applicant for asylum

1463-475: Is formed and performed in the asylum process. Unlike race or gender, in sexual orientation asylum claims, applicants have to prove their sexuality to convince asylum officials that they are truly part of their social group. Rachel Lewis and Nancy Naples argue that LGBT people may not seem credible if they do not fit Western stereotypes of what LGBT people look like . Dress, mannerisms, and style of speech, as well as not having had public romantic relationships with

1540-453: Is the one-year filing deadline. If an application is not submitted within one year following the applicant's arrival in the United States, the applicant is barred from obtaining asylum unless certain exceptions apply. However, the applicant can be eligible for other forms of relief such as Withholding of Removal, which is a less favorable type of relief than asylum because it does not lead to a Green Card or citizenship. The deadline for submitting

1617-477: The 2021 Taliban offensive . This is for cases of family reunification , in which a refugee abroad is brought to the United States to be reunited with a close family member who also has refugee status. A list of nationalities eligible for Priority Three consideration is developed annually. The proposed countries for FY2008 were Afghanistan, Burma, Burundi, Colombia , Congo (Brazzaville) , Cuba, Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) , Democratic Republic of

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1694-569: The Attorney General make a discretionary determination as to whether they should be admitted into the United States as asylees. An applicant is also entitled to mandatory "withholding of removal" (or restriction on removal) if the applicant can prove that his or her life or freedom would be threatened upon return to her country of origin. The dispute in asylum cases litigated before the Executive Office for Immigration Review and, subsequently,

1771-565: The Board of Immigration Appeals "suggested in an ambiguous and internally inconsistent decision that the ‘protected characteristic’ and ‘social visibility’ tests may represent dual requirements in all social group cases." The requirement for social visibility means that the government of a country from which the person seeking asylum is fleeing must recognize their social group, and that LGBT people who hide their sexual orientation, for example out of fear of persecution, may not be eligible for asylum under this mandate. In 1996 Fauziya Kasinga ,

1848-522: The right of asylum that has been built into Western law since Ancient Greece and was built into the Christian faith{{citation needed}}. While this started as a religious movement meant mainly to protect refugees in need, it became quickly politicized, with many sanctuary movement leaders facing trial for going against the law. Sanctuaries have since played an important role in providing legal access and preventing deportation for asylum seekers, especially under

1925-476: The surname Caraballo . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caraballo&oldid=1240574826 " Categories : Surnames Spanish-language surnames Hidden categories: Pages with Spanish IPA Articles with short description Short description

2002-881: The American Psychological Association, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Medical Association, and the Society for Research in Child Development. According to a study conducted by Joanna Dreby, trauma associated with family separation can have significant effects on the mental and physical well-being of children. Dreby's study concluded that academic difficulties and mental health conditions such as anxiety and depression are prevalent among children whose families have been separated during migration. Efforts are underway to minimize

2079-568: The Biden Administration maintained the 125,000 person cap on refugee admissions. During the Cold War , and up until the mid-1990s, the majority of refugees resettled in the U.S. were people from the former- Soviet Union and Southeast Asia . The most conspicuous of the latter were the refugees from Vietnam following the Vietnam War , sometimes known as " boat people ". Following the end of

2156-506: The Board of Immigration Appeals and the barring of LGBT individuals into the United States was repealed in 1990. The case, known as Matter of Acosta (1985), set the standard of what qualified as a "particular social group." This new definition of "social group" expanded to explicitly include homosexuality and the LGBT population. It considers homosexuality and gender identity a "common characteristic of

2233-686: The Cold War, the largest resettled European group were refugees from the Balkans , primarily Serbs , from Kosovo , Bosnia and Croatia . In the 1990s and 2000s, the proportion of Africans rose in the annual resettled population, as many people fled various ongoing conflicts . Large metropolitan areas have been the destination of most resettlements, with 72% of all resettlements between 1983 and 2004 going to 30 locations. The historical gateways for resettled refugees have been California (specifically Los Angeles , Orange County , San Jose , and Sacramento ),

2310-509: The Congo (DRC), Eritrea , Ethiopia , Haiti , Iran, Iraq, Rwanda , Somalia , Sudan and Uzbekistan . The minority of applications made by individuals who have already entered the U.S. is judged on whether the applicant meets the U.S. definition of "refugee" and on various other statutory criteria (including a number of bars that would prevent an otherwise-eligible refugee from receiving protection). There are two ways to apply for asylum while in

2387-450: The Court held that the clear probability standard applies in proceedings seeking withholding of deportation (now officially referred to as 'withholding of removal' or 'restriction on removal'), because in such cases the Attorney General must allow the applicant to remain in the United States. With respect to asylum, because Congress employed different language in the asylum statute and incorporated

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2464-543: The Mexican border — including application fees and work permit restraints — and directed that cases in the already clogged immigration courts be settled within 180 days. Once asylum seekers enter the United States they have exactly one year to apply for asylum. During that year asylum seekers are responsible for providing their own legal assistance and representation. Until their cases are approved, and sometimes even after approval and receipt of green cards , asylum seekers are at

2541-577: The Mid-Atlantic region ( New York in particular), the Midwest (specifically Chicago , St. Louis , Minneapolis–Saint Paul ), and Northeast ( Providence, Rhode Island ). In the last decades of the twentieth century, Northern Virginia ; Seattle , Washington ; Portland , Oregon ; and Atlanta , Georgia provided new gateways for resettled refugees. Particular cities are also identified with some national groups: metropolitan Los Angeles received almost half of

2618-565: The Supreme Court avoided attaching a consistent definition to the term, preferring instead to allow the meaning to evolve through case-by-case determinations. However, in Cardoza-Fonseca , the Court did establish that a "well-founded" fear is something less than a "clear probability" that the applicant will suffer persecution. Three years earlier, in INS v. Stevic , 467 U.S. 407 (1984),

2695-451: The Trump administration. "Under the [INA], the Attorney General may grant asylum to individuals who meet several statutory requirements, including that they have suffered or fear (1) 'persecution,' (2) 'on account of,' (3) their 'race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.'" The United States framework on migration is securitization, focusing on

2772-618: The United States are made to U.S. embassies in foreign countries and are reviewed by employees of the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). In these cases, refugee status has normally already been reviewed by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and recognized by the host country. For these refugees, the U.S. has stated its preferred order of solutions are: (1) repatriation of refugees to their country of origin, (2) integration of

2849-499: The United States asylees are able to apply for green cards , and four years later, for citizenship . The recent U.S. Government policy known as " Zero-tolerance " was implemented from April to June 2018. In response, a number of scientific organizations released statements on the negative impact of child separation, a form of childhood trauma , on child development, including the American Psychiatric Association,

2926-469: The United States fail or are rejected. While asylum denial rates had grown to a peak of 71 percent in FY 2020, they fell to 63 percent in FY 2021. One third of asylum seekers go to courts unrepresented although those with legal representation have higher chances of winning. More than three million refugees from various countries around the world have been admitted to the United States since 1980. In recent years,

3003-571: The United States unaccompanied by and not destined to: (a) a parent, (b) a close non-parental adult relative who is willing and able to care for said minor, or (c) an adult with a clear and court-verifiable claim to custody of the minor; and who has no parent(s) in the United States. Initially, only unaccompanied refugee children were included under this program, but it was later expanded to include unaccompanied asylees, special immigrant juveniles , Cuban and Haitian entrants, U- and T-status recipients, and Afghan and Ukrainian parolees. The URM program

3080-473: The United States with or without inspection, and apply for asylum under section 1158. Asylum in the United States has two specific requirements. First, asylum applicants must be physically present in the United States, or at a designated port of arrival. Second, they must show that they suffered persecution in the past, or have a well-founded fear of future persecution in their country of nationality and permanent residency on account of at least one of

3157-449: The United States. However, that ruling was in the case of a woman from Guatemala and was anticipated to only apply to women from there. On June 11, 2018, Attorney General Jeff Sessions reversed that precedent and announced that victims of domestic abuse or gang violence will no longer qualify for asylum. The term "well-founded fear" has no precise definition in asylum law. In INS v. Cardoza-Fonseca , 480 U.S. 421 (1987),

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3234-473: The United States: Immigration clinics often find it easier to support clients seeking affirmative asylum rather than defensive asylum due to several key factors. Firstly, in affirmative asylum cases, individuals apply for asylum before they face deportation proceedings. This approach allows immigration clinics to prepare a case with time for gathering evidence, conducting interviews, and building

3311-496: The applicant can relocate to another area within their home country in order to avoid persecution, or that conditions in the applicant's home country have changed such that the applicant's fear of persecution there is no longer objectively reasonable. Technically, an asylum applicant who has suffered past persecution meets the statutory criteria to receive a grant of asylum even if the applicant does not fear future persecution. In practice, adjudicators will typically deny asylum status in

3388-430: The applicant is not legally authorized to remain in the United States, the applicant is placed in removal proceedings. After a hearing, an immigration judge determines whether the applicant is eligible for asylum. The immigration judge's decision is subject to review on two, and possibly three, levels. First, the immigration judge's decision can be appealed to the Board of Immigration Appeals . In 2002, in order to eliminate

3465-504: The application is not the only restriction that bars one from obtaining asylum. If an applicant persecuted others, committed a serious crime, or represents a risk to U.S. security, he or she will be barred from receiving asylum as well. After 2001, asylum officers and immigration judges became less likely to grant asylum to applicants, presumably because of the attacks on 11 September. In 1986 an Immigration Judge agreed not to send Fidel Armando-Alfanso back to Cuba, based on his membership in

3542-447: The asylum judge. These experiences are articulated during the hearing process where the responsibility to prove membership is on the applicant. During the hearing process, applicants are encouraged to demonstrate persecution for gender or sexuality and place the source as their own culture. Shuman and Bohmer argue that in sexual minorities, it is not enough to demonstrate only violence, asylum applicants have to align themselves against

3619-471: The backlog of appeals from immigration judges, the Attorney General streamlined review procedures at the Board of Immigration Appeals . One member of the Board can affirm a decision of an immigration judge without oral argument; traditional review by three-judge panels is restricted to limited categories for which "searching appellate review" is appropriate. If the BIA affirms the decision of the immigration court, then

3696-482: The ceiling is normally accepted without substantial Congressional debate and does not require Congressional approval. The September 11, 2001 attacks resulted in a substantial disruption to the processing of resettlement claims with actual admissions falling to about 26,000 in fiscal year 2002. Claims were double-checked for any suspicious activity and procedures were put in place to detect any possible terrorist infiltration. Nonetheless, some advocates noted that, given

3773-471: The country between entry points can be released by the ICE on payment of a bond , which may lowered or waived by an immigration judge. In contrast, refugees who asked for asylum at an official point of entry before entering the U.S. cannot be released on bond. Instead, ICE officials have full discretion to decide whether they can be released. If applicants are eligible for asylum, they have a procedural right to have

3850-650: The ease with which foreigners can otherwise legally enter the country, entry as a refugee is comparatively unlikely. The actual number of admitted refugees rose in subsequent years with refugee ceiling for 2006 at 70,000. Critics note these levels are still among the lowest in 30 years. A total of 73,293 persons were admitted to the United States as refugees during 2010. The leading countries of nationality for refugee admissions were Iraq (24.6%), Burma (22.8%), Bhutan (16.9%), Somalia (6.7%), Cuba (6.6%), Iran (4.8%), DR Congo (4.3%), Eritrea (3.5%), Vietnam (1.2%) and Ethiopia (0.9%). The majority of applications for resettlement to

3927-636: The exercise of discretion in such cases, except where the past persecution was so severe as to warrant a humanitarian grant of asylum, or where the applicant would face other serious harm if returned to their country of origin. In addition, applicants who, according to the US Government, participated in the persecution of others are not eligible for asylum. A person may face persecution in their home country because of race, nationality, religion, ethnicity, or social group, and yet not be eligible for asylum because of certain bars defined by law. The most frequent bar

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4004-427: The federal courts centers on whether the immigration courts properly rejected the applicant's claim that she or he is eligible for asylum or other relief. Applicants have the burden of proving that they are eligible for asylum. To satisfy this burden, they must show that they have a well-founded fear of persecution in their home country on account of either race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership in

4081-464: The first 120 days of resettlement for people granted asylum. The Office of Refugee Resettlement provides funding to volags that are then responsible to aid asylees in becoming economically independent. These organizations help asylees find housing, get work permits, apply for social security cards, enroll in ESL classes, apply for Medicaid and find jobs. Many refugees depend on public benefits at first, but

4158-425: The five protected grounds: race , religion , nationality , political opinion , or membership in a particular social group . Even if an individual meets the criteria for asylum, INA § 208, bars some asylum seekers from asylum. These restrictions fall into two categories: (1) limitations on the ability to apply for asylum and (2) limitations on the ability to be granted asylum. The majority of asylum claims in

4235-581: The goal is that over time they become self-sufficient. Availability of public assistance programs can vary depending on which states within the United States refugees are allocated to resettle in. In 2016, The American Journal of Public Health reported that only 60% of refugees are assigned to resettlement locations with expanding Medicaid programs, meaning that more than 1 in 3 refugees may have limited healthcare access. Immediately after being granted asylum people are able to apply for their immediate families to receive asylum. After one full year of protection in

4312-445: The group either cannot change or should not be required to change because it is fundamental to their individual identities or consciences." The definition was intended to be open-ended in order to fit with the changing understanding of sexuality. This allows political asylum to some LGBT individuals who face potential criminal penalties due to homosexuality and sodomy being illegal in the home country who are unable to seek protection from

4389-592: The immigration judge's decision, it must remand the case to the BIA for further proceedings instead of deciding the unresolved legal issue in the first instance. Finally, an applicant aggrieved by a decision of the federal appeals court can petition the U.S. Supreme Court to review the case by a discretionary writ of certiorari . But the Supreme Court has no duty to review an immigration case, and so many applicants for asylum forego this final step. Notwithstanding his statutory eligibility, an applicant for asylum will be deemed ineligible if: Conversely, even if an applicant

4466-636: The impact of child separation. For instance, the National Child Traumatic Stress Network released a resource guide and held a webinar related to traumatic separation and refugee and immigrant trauma. There are 600 immigration judges. The immigration courts had a backlog of 394,000 asylum cases in January 2021, and 470,000 in March 2022, although another source says the backlog in November 2021

4543-476: The issue was rendered somewhat moot by the enactment of the Real ID Act of 2005 (Division B of United States Public Law 109-13 (H.R. 1268)), which eliminated the cap on annual asylee green cards. Currently, an asylee who has continuously resided in the US for more than one year in that status has an immediately available visa number. On April 29, 2019, President Trump ordered new restrictions on asylum seekers at

4620-558: The next level of review is a petition for review in the United States courts of appeals for the circuit in which the immigration judge sits. The court of appeals reviews the case to determine if "substantial evidence" supports the immigration judge's (or the BIA's) decision. As the Supreme Court held in INS v. Ventura , 537 U.S. 12 (2002), if the federal appeals court determines that substantial evidence does not support

4697-508: The number of asylums being granted to Venezuelan claimants has risen from 393 in 2009 to 969 in 2012. Other sources confirmed that between 2000 and 2010 the United States granted asylum to 4,500 immigrants from Venezuela. As a pushback to hostile migration policies, many religious groups came together in the 1980s to provide safety for Central American migrants seeking refuge from civil wars in El Salvador and Guatemala . The movement, tied to

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4774-401: The number of refugees admitted by the U.S. has fluctuated due to changes in government policies. For example, the U.S. resettled 84,995 refugees in the fiscal year 2016. The number of refugees admitted declined significantly, with only 11,814 admitted in the fiscal year 2020. The Biden administration aims to increase the number of refugees accepted by setting higher caps for admissions. In 2024

4851-489: The opposite sex, may be perceived by the immigration judge as not reflective of the applicants’ sexual orientation. Scholars and legal experts have long argued that asylum law has created legal definitions for homosexuality that limit our understanding of queerness. Human Rights and LGBT advocates have worked to create many improvements to the LGBT Asylum Seekers coming into the United States and to give asylum seekers

4928-466: The refugee definition from the international Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, the Court in Cardoza-Fonseca reasoned that the standard for showing a well-founded fear of persecution must necessarily be lower. An applicant initially presents his claim to an asylum officer, who may either grant asylum or refer the application to an Immigration Judge. If the asylum officer refers the application and

5005-546: The refugees into their country of asylum and, last, (3) resettlement to a third country, such as the U.S., when the first two options are not viable. The United States prioritizes valid applications for resettlement into 3 levels. This is composed of groups designated by the U.S. government as being of special concern. These are often identified by an act proposed by a Congressional representative. Priority Two groups proposed for 2008 included: As of August 2021, certain vulnerable groups from Afghanistan are eligible due to

5082-467: The requirements for acceptance. Researchers, such as Amy Shuman and Carol Bohmer, argue that the asylum process produces gendered cultural silences, particular in hearings where the majority of narrative construction takes place. Cultural silences refers to things that women refrain from sharing, due to shame, humiliation, and other deterrents. These deterrents can make achieving asylum more difficult as it can keep relevant information from being shared with

5159-431: The resettled refugees from Iran , 20% of Iraqi refugees went to Detroit , and nearly one-third of refugees from the former Soviet Union were resettled in and around New York City. Between 2004 and 2007, nearly 4,000 Venezuelans claimed political asylum in the United States and almost 50% of them were granted. In comparison, in 1996, 328 Venezuelans claimed asylum and 20% of them were granted. According to USA Today ,

5236-457: The rumor was "funny" but untrue. Caraballo later acknowledged what she described as "fair criticism" that she had jumped to conclusions, but publicly defended her rationale for making the claim. Asylum in the United States A specified number of legally defined refugees who are granted refugee status outside the United States are annually admitted under 8 U.S.C.   § 1157 for firm resettlement . Other people enter

5313-496: The safety of citizens. This results in strict U.S. policies and laws surrounding immigration and asylum. The United States is obliged to recognize valid claims for asylum under the United Nations' 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol. As defined by these agreements, a refugee is a person who is outside their country of nationality (or place of habitual residence if stateless ) who, owing to

5390-477: The state. Susan Berger argues that while homosexuality and other sexual minorities might be protected under the law, the burden of proving that they are an LGBT member demonstrates a greater immutable view of the expected LGBT performance. The importance of visibility is stressed throughout the asylum process, as sexuality is an internal characteristic. It is not visibly represented in the outside appearance. According to Amanda M. Gómez, sexual orientation identity

5467-430: The terms of a proposed settlement of a class-action lawsuit, Ngwanyia v. Gonzales , brought on behalf of asylees against CIS, the government agreed to make available an additional 31,000 green cards for asylees during the period ending on September 30, 2007. This is in addition to the 10,000 green cards allocated for each year until then and was meant to speed up the green card waiting time considerably for asylees. However,

5544-618: Was 672,000, with an average wait of 1,942 days (5 1/3 years). The overall immigration court backlog was 1.9 million in August 2022, with an average wait of 798 days (2.2 years). At the US Customs and Immigration Service, the backlog was 3 million immigration applications pending in 2013, rising to 5.7 million in September 2019 and 9.5 million in February 2022. Historically, homosexuality was considered

5621-589: Was a member of the Stonewall Democratic Club of New York City. Caraballo has been outspoken about what she sees as anti-LGBT legislation and policies; rhetoric from prominent individuals; and inadequate social media moderation surrounding the topic. In March 2022, she criticized the Florida Parental Rights in Education Act , also nicknamed the "Don't Say Gay" bill by its opponents, which

5698-642: Was codified and expanded by the United States Congress with the passing of the Refugee Act of 1980 . Besides reiterating the definitions of the 1951 Convention and its Protocol, the Refugee Act provided for the establishment of an Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR) within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to help refugees begin their lives in the U.S. The structure and procedures evolved and by 2004, federal handling of refugee affairs

5775-506: Was fifteen years old, her father became permanently disabled after losing an arm in a workplace accident. She said her family's struggles with the worker's compensation system, and the help from attorneys in resolving them "demonstrated to me the power that the law can have". Caraballo earned a bachelor's degree in Government and World Affairs from the University of Tampa . She then earned

5852-486: Was introduced in January 2022 and signed into law by Governor Ron DeSantis the following March. Caraballo described the bill as "an unprecedented attack on LGBT rights ", predicting it would likely lead to a serious reversal in policies protecting LGBT rights in schools. Later that year, Caraballo was critical of Elon Musk's actions after acquiring Twitter , including his decision to reinstate accounts that had been suspended for threats, harassment, or misinformation. In

5929-691: Was led by PRM, working with the ORR at HHS. Asylum claims are mainly the responsibility of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS). Each year, the President of the United States sends a proposal to the Congress for the maximum number of refugees to be admitted for the upcoming fiscal year, as specified under INA section 207(e). This number, known as the "refugee ceiling", is the target of annual lobbying by both refugee advocates seeking to raise it and anti-immigration groups seeking to lower it. However, once proposed,

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