Cao Hong (died 232), courtesy name Zilian , was a Chinese military general of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He started his career in the late Eastern Han dynasty under the warlord Cao Cao , who was his older second cousin .
75-602: Cao Hong's uncle, Cao Ding (曹鼎), served as the Prefect of the Masters of Writing (尚書令) in the Han central government. Because of this connection, Cao Hong gained an official appointment as the Chief (長) of Qichun County (蘄春縣; northwest of present-day Qichun County , Hubei ). Around 190, the warlord Cao Cao , an older second cousin of Cao Hong, raised an army to participate in the campaign against
150-601: A fu . Qichun would later be reverted to a county . During the Song dynasty , Qichun County was home to an extraordinarily large market for traditional Chinese medicine , which poet Lu You described as 40 li long. Prince Jing's Mansion ( Chinese : 荆王府 ; pinyin : Jīng Wángfǔ ) was constructed in Qichun County during the Ming dynasty . In 1949, Qichun County was placed under Huanggang Prefecture . In 1995, Huanggang
225-791: A few horsemen accompanying him. Dian Wei remained behind with about a dozen of his men to cover Cao Cao's retreat. All of them were eventually overwhelmed by Zhang Xiu's forces and killed in battle. During his escape, Cao Cao injured his face and foot when his horse, Jueying ( 絕影 ), threw him off its back after being hit by arrows. Cao Cao also sustained an arrow wound in his right arm. Cao Ang , Cao Cao's eldest son, gave his horse to his father to help him escape. Cao Ang and Cao Cao's nephew Cao Anmin ( 曹安民 ) were both killed by Zhang Xiu's forces later. As Cao Cao and his remaining forces retreated to Wuyin County (舞陰縣; southeast of present-day Sheqi County , Henan ), Zhang Xiu's forces continued to attack them along
300-486: A gift. As Zhang Xiu already knew that Cao Cao wanted to have him assassinated, he thought that Cao Cao was trying to bribe Huche'er to be the assassin, so he quickly launched a preemptive surprise attack on Cao Cao's camp. As Cao Cao was totally caught off guard by Zhang Xiu's attack, his forces suffered a disastrous defeat – especially when Zhang Xiu had already planned out the attack and deployed his troops near Cao Cao's camp. Cao Cao had no choice but to retreat, with only
375-434: A higher location near Cao Cao's camp. Following Jia Xu's advice, Zhang Xiu also asked Cao Cao: "My troops have too few chariots and they are too heavy. Can I let my troops wear heavy armour?" Cao Cao did not suspect anything and he approved Zhang Xiu's requests. At the time, Zhang Xiu had a close aide Hu Che'er (胡車兒), who was known for his exceptional courage. Cao Cao was so impressed by Huche'er that he gave him some gold as
450-438: A loan, however, Cao Hong was naturally stingy and cherished his money, so he refused the request. Later, when Cao Pi was Cao Cao's heir apparent , he once asked Cao Hong to donate 100 rolls of silk but Cao Hong refused. Cao Pi bore a grudge against Cao Hong because of this. After Cao Pi became emperor, he found an opportunity to take revenge against Cao Hong. In one incident, when Cao Hong's retainers committed crimes, Cao Pi used
525-592: A major historical center of traditional Chinese medicine for hundreds of years. Qichun County is often nicknamed "Professor County" ( Chinese : 教授县 ; pinyin : Jiàoshòu Xiàn ) due to the high amount of professors and other academic experts hailing from the county. Qichun is reasonably well-served by rail, bus, and road transportation; there is no airport. The Beijing–Kowloon railway runs through Qichun County. The main Beijing to Guangzhou rail line passes through Qichun, and there are local trains, west to
600-560: A marquis and appoint him as General Who Spreads Martial Might ( 揚武將軍 ), Cao Cao also arranged for one of his sons, Cao Jun , to marry Zhang Xiu's daughter. Zhang Xiu fought on Cao Cao's side during the Battle of Guandu against Yuan Shao and was promoted to General Who Defeats the Qiang ( 破羌將軍 ) for his contributions. The Battle of Wancheng is featured in Koei 's video game series Dynasty Warriors as
675-480: A marquis. Cao Yu (曹瑜), an older relative of Cao Hong, was known for being conscientious and respectful, and had served as General of the Guards (衞將軍) and been enfeoffed as a marquis as well. Cao Hong's daughter, who was known for her beautiful looks, married Xun Can , a son of Xun Yu . She died a few years after their marriage, and Xun Can was so grieved by her death that he also died a few years later. Cao Hong appears as
750-622: A minor character in the historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms , which romanticises the events before and during the Three Kingdoms period. In chapter 58, Cao Hong had a rather prominent role at the Battle of Tong Pass between Cao Cao and a coalition of northwestern warlords led by Ma Chao and Han Sui . Cao Cao had instructed Cao Hong to guard Tong Pass for ten days at all costs and not leave his post. However, after hearing taunts from
825-402: A playable stage and the highlight of Dian Wei's story mode. If the player is not playing as Dian Wei, Dian Wei makes his last appearance in that stage and does not appear again in the subsequent stages. In Dynasty Warriors 7 , after Cao Cao escapes from the castle, he attacks Zhang Xiu with Xiahou Dun and Xu Chu and ends up gaining Jia Xu in his ranks. If Zhang Xiu is defeated by Cao Cao, it
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#1732854585447900-601: A prisoner-of-war. He then followed up by attacking Wuyin County and succeeded in capturing it too. Cao Cao returned to his base in Xu (許; present-day Xuchang , Henan ) sometime between 26 January and 23 February 198 after his second campaign against Zhang Xiu. Between 24 April and 23 May, he launched a third campaign and led his forces to attack Zhang Xiu at Rang County (穰縣; or Rangcheng 穰城; present-day Dengzhou , Henan ). Between 22 June and 21 July, Liu Biao sent reinforcements to assist Zhang Xiu and attempt to block Cao Cao's army from
975-408: Is a statistical error, the remaining 490 square kilometres (190 sq mi) must be hills/mountains, in the northern part of the county, or simply unusable land). Qichun County's area is topographically diverse, with mountains , hills , and plains . The elevation decreases gradually from mountains of northeast to the lowlands of southwest. The Mount Sanjiao Scenic Area [ zh ]
1050-409: Is better than you as a military leader, and his troops are as equally well-trained as yours. Therefore, I knew you would lose. When Cao Cao first attacked you and decided to retreat halfway even though he didn't make any mistakes, I believed something must have happened in his base. After he defeated your pursuing forces, he would lower his guard and hastily retreat. His officers will then take command of
1125-449: Is known in China as the "Professor County" ( Chinese : 教授县 ; pinyin : Jiàoshòu Xiàn ), due to the high amount of professors and other academic experts hailing from the county. Qichun County is named after the abundant qicai ( Chinese : 蕲菜 ; pinyin : qí cài ), a variety of Chinese celery , in the area. The area of present-day Qichun County has been inhabited since
1200-654: Is located within the county. Apart from the Yangtze, major bodies of water in Qichun County include the Qi River ( Chinese : 蕲河 ; pinyin : Qí Hé ), Lake Chidong [ zh ] , and Lake Chixi [ zh ] . The local climate is classed as "subtropical mainland monsoon," with distinct seasons and abundant rainfall (average 134 centimeters per year). When the Yangtze River floods, Qichun County also experiences some flooding. Qichun County administers
1275-415: Is no mention of these incidents in historical records. Qichun County Qichun County ( simplified Chinese : 蕲春 县 ; traditional Chinese : 蘄春 縣 ; pinyin : Qíchūn Xiàn ) is a county of eastern Hubei province, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of Huanggang City. Qichun County has been a major historical center of traditional Chinese medicine . It
1350-578: Is only one hotel of any significance in Qichun. But it is a new hotel, built around 2001. Qichun County has its own Social Welfare Institute (SWI) to accommodate elderly people, handicapped persons, the homeless, and orphans. The Social Welfare Institute constructed a new building in 2004, designed mainly for the elderly and handicapped children and adults. Children which are abandoned or orphaned, and are awaiting adoption either domestically or internationally, are placed with local foster families. But they visit
1425-490: Is the third reason why you should submit to Cao Cao. I hope you won't have any more doubts." Zhang Xiu heeded Jia Xu's advice and led his forces to surrender to and join Cao Cao. Zhang Xiu surrendered to Cao Cao sometime between 6 December 199 and 3 January 200. When Zhang Xiu showed up, Cao Cao came out to welcome him, held his hand, and hosted a banquet in his honour. Apart from recommending Emperor Xian to enfeoff Zhang Xiu as
1500-407: Is to be executed, he'll definitely say something nasty about me." Cao Pi replied, "I'll deal with him myself. Why do you need to worry?" Cao Pi's mother, Empress Dowager Bian , intervened and scolded her son, "If not for what Zilian did at Liang (梁) and Pei (沛), you wouldn't have made it to where you are today." She also told Cao Pi's empress, Guo Nüwang , "If Cao Hong dies today, tomorrow I'll make
1575-573: The Battle of Yan Province against Lü Bu, Cao Hong was first commissioned as Soaring Eagle Colonel (鷹揚校尉) and later promoted to General of the Household Who Spreads Martial Might (揚武中郎將). In February 196, acting on the advice of Xun Yu and Cheng Yu , Cao Cao sent Cao Hong west to fetch Emperor Xian but was blocked by Dong Cheng and Yuan Shu 's subordinate Chang Nu (萇奴). In August 196, Cao Cao led his forces into Luoyang and received Emperor Xian. Two months later, he relocated
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#17328545854471650-577: The Dabie Shan mountains. But for the next twelve months the northern front remained quiet. The Grand Administrator of Qichun was Jin Zong , a former officer of Sun Quan who had deserted and joined Cao Wei. It appears he was given the commandery appointment at this time, in the hill country of the Dabie Shan on the border region between Lujiang and Jiangxia, so that he could disturb the communications routes along
1725-549: The Eastern Han dynasty and established the state of Cao Wei with himself as the emperor. Cao Pi appointed Cao Hong as General of the Guards (衞將軍) and promoted him to General of Agile Cavalry (驃騎將軍). He also made Cao Hong the Marquis of Yewang (野王侯) and gave him an additional 1,000 taxable households for his marquisate, making it 2,100 households in total. Cao Hong's marquis title was later renamed to "Marquis of Duyang" (都陽侯). Cao Hong
1800-827: The G70 Fuzhou–Yinchuan Expressway , which runs through the southwest of Qichun County. the G42 Shanghai–Chengdu Expressway , and the G50 Shanghai–Chongqing Expressway . National Highway 318 also runs through Qichun County. The Liu-Jie Highway [ zh ] , the Qi-Cao Highway ( Chinese : 蕲漕公路 ; pinyin : Qí-Cáo Gōnglù ), and the Qi-Tai Highway ( Chinese : 蕲太公路 ; pinyin : Qí-Tài Gōnglù ) all run through Qichun County. Other major roads include
1875-638: The Huang-Biao Highway ( Chinese : 黄标公路 ; pinyin : Huáng-Biāo Gōnglù ), and the Dabie Mountains Red Tourism Highway ( Chinese : 大别山红色旅游公路 ; pinyin : Dàbié Shān Hóngsè Lǚyóu Gōnglù ). Numerous future expressways are planned. Mineral resources in Qichun County include gold , copper , manganese , lead , iron , quartz , serpentine , dolomite , marble , and black jade . Qichun County has long played an outsized role in traditional Chinese medicine , and
1950-534: The Hubei provincial capital of Wuhan and south-east into Jiangxi province. There is a local bus service and also frequent express buses into Wuhan via the new inter-provincial expressway running east–west across the province. A journey by express bus to Wuhan takes less than three hours; by car the journey is less than 2.5 hours. Major expressways in Qichun County include the Huangshi-Huanggang portion of
2025-550: The Neolithic age . In 224 BCE, Qin forces pursued the beaten and retreating Chu forces to Qinan (蕲南; northwest of present-day Qichun in Hubei ) and general Xiang Yan, grandfather of future hegemonic king Xiang Yu , was either killed in the action or committed suicide following his defeat. Qichun County was first established during the Western Han , possibly as early as 201 BCE. Due to its strategic location, in history Qichun
2100-504: The Emperor remove you from your position as Empress." The empress then tearfully pleaded with Cao Pi several times to spare Cao Hong. Cao Pi finally agreed to spare Cao Hong, but stripped him of his appointments and titles and confiscated his properties. After Empress Dowager Bian intervened again, Cao Pi reluctantly returned Cao Hong his properties but did not restore him to his former positions. Upon learning that Cao Pi had pardoned him, Cao Hong
2175-455: The Empire?" A shocked Zhang Xiu turned to Jia Xu and asked, "Why do you have to say this? What will become of me now?" Jia Xu replied, "Why don't you submit to Cao Cao?" Zhang Xiu asked, "Yuan Shao is powerful while Cao Cao is weak. Besides, I'm also Cao Cao's enemy. What will happen if I submit to him?" Jia Xu replied, "That's why it is better for you to submit to Cao Cao. He controls the Empire in
2250-739: The Qingzhou Corps ( 青州兵 ), an elite unit in Cao Cao's army composed of former Yellow Turban rebels , had taken advantage of the chaos to pillage villages along the way. He then led his men to attack and punish the Qingzhou soldiers. Some Qingzhou soldiers managed to flee to Wuyin County, meet Cao Cao, and falsely accuse Yu Jin of committing the atrocities they were responsible for. When Yu Jin reached Wuyin County, instead of going straight to meet Cao Cao and explain himself, Yu Jin immediately went to set up defensive fortifications around Cao Cao's camp because he knew that Cao Cao, given his wisdom, would not believe
2325-1756: The Qingzhou soldiers' lies so there was no rush for him to explain himself. He also thought that it was more important to strengthen their defences in case Zhang Xiu attacked again. Yu Jin was proven right; Cao Cao also praised and rewarded him for his efforts. At Wuyin County, Cao Cao managed to rally his remaining troops to hold their ground and fend off a final wave of attacks by Zhang Xiu's cavalry. After failing to defeat Cao Cao at Wuyin County, Zhang Xiu retreated to Rang County (穰縣; or Rangcheng 穰城; present-day Dengzhou , Henan ), where he met up with Liu Biao . Cao Cao broke down in tears when he heard of Dian Wei's death, and later had Dian Wei's body retrieved and buried in Xiangyi County (襄邑縣; present-day Sui County , Henan ). He returned to his base in Xu (許; present-day Xuchang , Henan) after that. After Cao Cao left Wuyin County (舞陰縣; southeast of present-day Sheqi County , Henan ), many counties in two commanderies – Nanyang and Zhangling (章陵; around present-day Zaoyang , Hubei ) – rebelled against him and defected to Zhang Xiu's side. When he sent his cousin Cao Hong to lead troops to attack and recapture those counties, Zhang Xiu and Liu Biao's forces defeated Cao Hong and forced him to retreat to Ye County (葉縣; southwest of present-day Ye County , Henan). During this time, Zhang Xiu and Liu Biao's forces attacked Cao Hong at Ye County several times but Cao Hong managed to defend his position. Sometime between 28 November and 26 December 197, Cao Cao launched another campaign against Zhang Xiu and personally led his forces to Wancheng (宛城; in present-day Nanyang, Henan ). At
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2400-496: The Rear (後將軍) and enfeoffing him as the Marquis of Lecheng (樂城侯) with 1,000 taxable households as his marquisate. Later, he promoted Cao Hong to General of Agile Cavalry (驃騎將軍). Cao Hong died in 232 and was given the posthumous title "Marquis Gong" (恭侯), which means "humble(d) marquis". His title, Marquis of Lecheng (樂城侯), was passed on to his son, Cao Fu (曹馥). Cao Zhen (曹震), another son of Cao Hong, had already previously been enfeoffed as
2475-812: The SWI weekly for medical checks and group playtime activities. About 400 orphans have been adopted internationally from Qichun County SWI. These children now live with families all over the world: in Canada and the US, in Australasia, and in most countries of Western Europe. Qichun County was a historical center for education and traditional Chinese medicine , as well as an economic and cultural center within eastern Hubei . The county has produced many important historical figures in this field, including herbalist Li Shizhen . Other notable figures from Qichun County during dynastic China include
2550-480: The Yangtze and across that river to the south. There is evidence that the Qichun commandery had been established a few years earlier, evidently on the basis of the county of that name in Jiangxia Commandery of Later Han , but the territory had been abandoned by Cao Cao at the time of his withdrawal in 213 CE. From this time, after the defeat of Jin Zong's infiltration, the territory was held by Wu. One of
2625-1096: The Yu River (淯水; now known as the Bai River 白河; flowing through parts of present-day Henan and Hubei ), Zhang Xiu surrendered without putting up a fight. Cao Cao was so pleased that he threw a banquet for Zhang Xiu and his followers. During the banquet, Dian Wei , a military officer under Cao Cao, stood guard beside his lord and held a giant battle axe whose blade was one chi long. Zhang Xiu and his followers did not dare to look up when they toasted to Cao Cao. Cao Cao stayed in Wancheng for more than 10 days after receiving Zhang Xiu's surrender. During this time, he became attracted to Zhang Ji's widow and took her as his concubine. Zhang Xiu, feeling outraged and humiliated, plotted revenge against Cao Cao. Cao Cao heard about Zhang Xiu's unhappiness and he planned to have Zhang Xiu assassinated. Earlier on, Zhang Xiu's adviser, Jia Xu , suggested to his lord to ask Cao Cao if he could station his troops at
2700-767: The bank of the Bian River . As the river was too deep for them to wade across, Cao Hong swam around in search of a boat and finally found one. They crossed the river and returned to Cao Cao's hometown in Qiao County (譙縣; present-day Bozhou , Anhui ) safely. Chen Wen (陳溫), the Inspector of Yang Province , was on friendly terms with Cao Hong. At the time, Cao Hong had about 1,000 men from his own militia. He asked for troops from Chen Wen, who provided him with 2,000 of his best soldiers. Cao Hong then went to Danyang Commandery (丹楊郡) and managed to recruit about another 1,000 men with help from
2775-589: The bank of the Yu River (淯水; now known as the Bai River 白河; flowing through parts of present-day Henan and Hubei ), he held a memorial service to mourn the people who lost their lives in the previous campaign against Zhang Xiu. During the ceremony, he wept inconsolably and touched the hearts of everyone present at the scene. Liu Biao sent Deng Ji ( 鄧濟 ), a military officer under him, to lead troops to occupy and guard Huyang County (湖陽縣; southwest of present-day Tanghe County , Henan ). Cao Cao later led his forces to attack Huyang County, conquered it, and took Deng Ji as
2850-605: The banquet, Wu Zhi instructed actors to put up a skit to make fun of Cao Zhen and Zhu Shuo (朱鑠), who were fat and thin respectively. Cao Zhen was enraged and he shouted at Wu Zhi, "Are you and your men seeking a fight with me and my men?" Cao Hong and Wang Zhong egged Wu Zhi on by saying, "If you want to make the General (Cao Zhen) admit that he is fat, you have to show that you're thin." Cao Zhen drew his sword, glared at them and said, "I'll kill whoever dares to mock me." When Cao Hong got into trouble later, Cao Zhen told Cao Pi, "If Cao Hong
2925-650: The battle the second time. After the battle, Zhang Xiu asked Jia Xu: "When I led my best troops to attack Cao Cao while he was retreating, you predicted I would lose. When I led my troops to attack Cao Cao again just after he defeated me, you predicted I would win. Your predictions turned out to be accurate. But why is it that your predictions seem so counter-intuitive?" Jia Xu replied, "It's easy to understand. General, you may be skilled in warfare, but you're still no match for Cao Cao. When Cao Cao withdrew his forces, I knew he would personally lead his rearguard to cover his retreat. Even though your troops are well-trained, Cao Cao
3000-410: The center of Wuhan . The total geographic area of Qichun County is 2,397.6 square kilometres (925.7 sq mi). Of this, 560 kilometres (350 mi) are arable. Water covers 310 kilometres (190 mi) (there are hundreds of lakes in Qichun County, almost all used for aquaculture). Forested areas cover 1,040 kilometres (650 mi). (Note: While not stated in government data, unless there
3075-477: The commandery's Administrator, Zhou Xin . He brought along his 4,000 troops to meet Cao Cao at Longkang (龍亢; in present-day Huaiyuan County , Anhui) and became one of Cao Cao's most loyal followers since then. In 194, when Cao Cao was away on a campaign in Xu Province , his subordinates Zhang Miao and Chen Gong started a rebellion in his base, Yan Province , and defected to a rival warlord, Lü Bu . Around
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3150-458: The county government, there is more than 200,000 mu of cropland devoted to growing medicinal ingredients. The herbal industry, centered on Qizhou, is the biggest component of the Qichun County economy. Some 200,000 herb farmers live in Qichun County. They produce more than 700 varieties. The local herb wholesale market is the third largest in China, with more than 800 million yuan (US$ 100 million, as of 2006) of annual trading volume. There
3225-460: The cover of night, while he and his remaining troops hid themselves and waited in ambush. In the morning, when Zhang Xiu received news that Cao Cao's camps were empty, he thought that Cao Cao had fled so he wanted to lead his troops in pursuit. However, Jia Xu , his adviser, warned him not to pursue Cao Cao and predicted that he would lose if he did. Zhang Xiu ignored him and went ahead. Just as Jia Xu foresaw, Zhang Xiu fell into Cao Cao's ambush and
3300-472: The emperor to his own base in Xu (許; present-day Xuchang , Henan ), where the new imperial capital was established. Emperor Xian appointed Cao Hong as a Counsellor Remonstrant (諫議大夫). When Man Chong was serving as the Prefect (令) of Xu County (許縣; present-day Xuchang, Henan), he arrested some of Cao Hong's retainers who broke the law. When Cao Hong heard about it, he wrote to Man Chong, asking for their release, but Man Chong refused. Cao Hong then brought up
3375-680: The enemy for nine days, Cao Hong finally gave in to his anger and led his troops out of the pass to engage the enemy. He not only lost the battle but also lost the pass as well. Cao Cao was so angry with Cao Hong that he wanted to execute him for disobeying orders, but his subordinates stopped him. Later on, Cao Hong redeemed himself by risking his life to save Cao Cao, who was fleeing from the battlefield after being defeated by Ma Chao. Cao Hong blocked Ma Chao from chasing Cao Cao and duelled with him for about 100 rounds until Ma gave up and retreated. Cao Cao pardoned Cao Hong for his earlier mistake after taking into consideration how Cao Hong saved his life. There
3450-407: The enemy, with Cao Xiu serving as Cao Hong's adviser. Cao Cao had told Cao Xiu, "You may be an adviser, but you're actually the commander." When Cao Hong received the order, he delegated his command to Cao Xiu. Cao Hong heeded Cao Xiu's advice and defeated Wu Lan in the spring of 218 and killed Wu's deputy, Ren Kui (任夔). Wu Lan was slain by Qiangduan (強端), a Di chieftain from Yinping (陰平). Zhang Fei
3525-643: The event of an enemy attack. Cao Cao wrote a letter to his adviser Xun Yu , who was stationed in Xu: "Even though the enemy has travelled several li in a day to catch up with me, I have a plan to deal with them. When I reach Anzhong, I will definitely defeat Zhang Xiu." When he reached Anzhong County (安眾縣; in present-day Dengzhou , Henan ), Zhang Xiu and Liu Biao's forces occupied the strategic locations in front and behind, trapping him and his forces in between. Cao Cao then ordered his troops to secretly dig tunnels and transport their supplies and heavy equipment back to Xu under
3600-678: The following 13 towns , 1 township , and 5 other township-level divisions : The county's government is seated in the town of Caohe [ zh ] . The government buildings for the County and the Town are adjacent to each other. The 2020 Chinese census put Qichun County's population at 792,101. The 2010 Chinese census put Qichun County's population at 727,805. A 2004 estimate approximated Qichun County's population at 951,391. The 2000 Chinese census put Qichun County's population at 949,479. A 1996 estimate put Qichun County's population at about 921,000. Qichun Town's population
3675-407: The following: More-recent famous people from Qichun include: War between Cao Cao and Zhang Xiu#Battle of Wancheng The war between Cao Cao and Zhang Xiu was fought between the warlords Cao Cao and Zhang Xiu between 197 and 199 in the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. It concluded with Zhang Xiu's surrender to Cao Cao. In 196, the warlord Cao Cao led his forces into the ruins of
3750-544: The incident as an excuse to accuse Cao Hong of negligence and had him imprisoned to await execution. When his ministers tried to persuade him to spare Cao Hong, Cao Pi refused to listen. Apparently, Cao Hong had previously offended Cao Zhen , another relative of Cao Cao who also served as a general in Wei. In 224, when Cao Zhen returned from a campaign, Cao Pi ordered Wu Zhi to host a banquet in his residence in Cao Zhen's honour. During
3825-546: The issue to Cao Cao , who summoned the official who was overall in charge to come and see him. Man Chong thought that Cao Cao wanted to pardon Cao Hong's retainers, so he immediately ordered their execution. Cao Cao was pleased and he remarked, "Isn't this what an officeholder should do?" In 197, Cao Cao lost the Battle of Wancheng against a rival warlord Zhang Xiu and retreated to Wuyin County (舞陰縣; southeast of present-day Sheqi County , Henan ). After Cao Cao left Wuyin County and returned to Xu (許; present-day Xuchang, Henan),
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#17328545854473900-641: The letter to Xun Yu earlier during the battle, Cao Cao replied: "The enemy wanted to prevent me and my men from retreating. In doing so, they were forcing us to fight for our lives. That was when I knew we would definitely win." In 199, when Cao Cao and Yuan Shao were about to clash at the Battle of Guandu , Yuan Shao sent a messenger to meet Zhang Xiu and propose an alliance between them against Cao Cao. Zhang Xiu wanted to agree, but his adviser Jia Xu told Yuan Shao's messenger, "I say 'No, thank you.' to Yuan Benchu. He can't even accommodate his own brother . What makes him think he can accommodate talents from around
3975-459: The name of the Emperor . This is the first reason why you should submit to him. Yuan Shao is militarily more powerful. You have less troops than him, so even if you join him, he won't regard you highly. Cao Cao has less troops. If you join him, he'll be delighted. This is the second reason why you should submit to him. A man who aspires to become a great ruler will be more willing to put aside personal enmities and make his virtues known to people. This
4050-715: The new imperial capital. In the meantime, Li Jue and Guo Si's power bloc in Chang'an and the Guanzhong region started to weaken and break up – especially after Emperor Xian's escape. Zhang Ji , a former ally of Li Jue and Guo Si, led his followers out of the Guanzhong region into Jing Province , which was governed by the warlord Liu Biao . In an attempt to establish a foothold in Jing Province, Zhang Ji led his men to attack Rang County (穰縣; or Rangcheng 穰城; present-day Dengzhou , Henan ) but
4125-465: The officials in Nanyang (南陽), Zhangling (章陵) and other counties who had surrendered to him earlier rebelled and defected to Zhang Xiu's side. Cao Cao sent Cao Hong to lead troops to recapture those counties but Cao Hong failed and was forced to retreat to a garrison at Ye County (葉縣; southwest of present-day Ye County , Henan). The garrison came under multiple attacks by Zhang Xiu and his ally Liu Biao . In
4200-481: The old imperial capital, Luoyang , where he met Emperor Xian , the figurehead Han emperor who had been held hostage consecutively by the warlords Dong Zhuo , Li Jue and Guo Si since his coronation in 189. He had only escaped from Chang'an in late 195 after being held hostage by Li Jue and Guo Si since Dong Zhuo's death in 192. Cao Cao treated the emperor respectfully and escorted him from Luoyang to his own base in Xu (許; present-day Xuchang , Henan ), which became
4275-680: The rear. Around this time, Cao Cao received intelligence that Tian Feng , an adviser to his rival Yuan Shao , had suggested that Yuan Shao should take advantage of Cao Cao's absence from Xu to launch an attack on the imperial capital, seize Emperor Xian , and bring him to his base in Ye (鄴; in present-day Handan , Hebei ). Upon hearing this, he immediately lifted the siege on Rang County and prepared to return to Xu. However, he could not retreat as Zhang Xiu came to intercept him, so he ordered his troops to retreat carefully while ensuring that their camps were always linked so that they could back each other up in
4350-444: The rearguard. They may be brave, but they are no match for you. Therefore, I knew you would win them even though you're leading a group of soldiers who have just been defeated." Zhang Xiu was very impressed with Jia Xu's analysis. Cao Cao returned to his base in Xu (許; present-day Xuchang , Henan ) sometime between 20 August and 18 September 198. When Xun Yu asked Cao Cao how he knew he would definitely defeat Zhang Xiu when he wrote
4425-611: The subordinate commanders in He Qi's attack on Qichun was Mi Fang , the erstwhile officer of Guan Yu who had surrendered Jiangling to Lü Meng in 219 AD. Qichun also was evidently a proving ground for renegades. During the Southern and Northern dynasties , the area became administered under the Qichang Commandery [ zh ] . During the Tang dynasty , the area was reorganized as
4500-534: The time, a famine had broken out in Yan Province. Cao Hong led a vanguard force to retake Dongping (東平) and Fan (范) counties from Lü Bu and stockpile grain to feed the troops. After that, Cao Cao attacked Lü Bu at Puyang County (濮陽縣; west of present-day Puyang County , Henan ) and defeated him. Cao Cao subsequently attacked and retook Dong'e (東阿), Jiyin (濟陰), Shanyang (山陽), Zhongmu (中牟), Yangwu (陽武), Jing (京), Mi (密) and other counties from Lü Bu. For his contributions in
4575-524: The tyrannical warlord Dong Zhuo , who controlled the Han central government. Cao Hong joined Cao Cao around this time and served as an officer in his army. Cao Cao engaged Dong Zhuo's general Xu Rong at the Battle of Xingyang , but was defeated and forced to retreat. While fleeing from the enemy, Cao Cao lost his horse so Cao Hong got off his own horse and offered it to him. When Cao Cao declined, Cao Hong said, "The world can do without (Cao) Hong, but it can't do without you." He then escorted Cao Cao on foot to
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#17328545854474650-411: The way. Only Yu Jin , a colonel under Cao Cao, managed to lead his unit on an orderly retreat towards Wuyin County and make his men stay together despite suffering many casualties and losses. When Zhang Xiu's forces eased off their attacks, Yu Jin regrouped his men and they marched to Wuyin County in a dignified manner even though they lost the battle. Before reaching his destination, Yu Jin learnt that
4725-419: The year 200, Cao Hong participated in the Battle of Guandu between Cao Cao and the northern warlord Yuan Shao . When both sides were locked in a stalemate around winter, Cao Cao heeded the advice of Xu You , a defector from Yuan Shao's side, and personally led 5,000 riders to raid Yuan's supply depot at Wuchao (烏巢; southeast of present-day Yanjin County , Henan), which was guarded by Chunyu Qiong . Cao Hong
4800-463: Was 162,000, of whom 71,000 were engaged in agriculture (fisheries, crops, and herbs are the main agricultural sectors) and the remainder non-agriculture (which includes minerals and manufacturing of various kinds). About 40% of all the farmers of Qichun County are engaged in growing herbs. Qichun County is the birthplace of famous herbalist Li Shizhen , who was born and lived in Qizhou town, and has been
4875-543: Was changed from a prefecture to a prefecture-level city . Qichun County is located in the east of Hubei , along the northern banks of the Yangtze , and at the southern foot of the Dabie Mountains . To its east is the province of Anhui . The county's government, seated in the town of Caohe [ zh ] , is located 96 kilometres (60 mi) from the center of Huanggang , and 157 kilometres (98 mi) from
4950-516: Was forced to retreat. Cao Hong then threw a party to celebrate his victory. He ordered some prostitutes to dress scantily and dance on drums to entertain everyone. Yang Fu , one of Cao Cao's advisers, openly reprimanded Cao Hong for the indecency of the performance, and then stormed out. Cao Hong immediately called off the performance and invited Yang Fu to return to his seat. Cao Cao died in March 220. Later that year, his son and successor Cao Pi ended
5025-434: Was further promoted to Protector-General (都護將軍). In the winter of 217, the warlord Liu Bei sent Zhang Fei , Ma Chao , Wu Lan (吳蘭) and others to garrison at Xiabian County (下辯縣; northwest of present-day Cheng County , Gansu ) in preparation for an invasion of Hanzhong Commandery , which Cao Cao had seized from the warlord Zhang Lu after the Battle of Yangping in 215. Cao Cao ordered Cao Hong to lead forces to resist
5100-610: Was historically home to large markets for medicinal ingredients. Medicinal markets remain central to Qichun County, which hosts the Hubei Lishizhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Professional Market ( Chinese : 李时珍中药材专业市场 ; pinyin : Lǐ Shízhēn Zhōngyàocái Zhuānyè Shìchǎng ). The majority of the entries in the Bencao Gangmu , an encyclopedia of traditional Chinese medicine ingredients, can be found in Qichun County. According to
5175-540: Was initially suspicious about Zhang He and Gao Lan, but Xun You managed to convince him to accept their surrender. Cao Hong participated in the campaign against the warlord Liu Biao in Jing Province and defeated Liu's subordinates in battles at Wuyang (舞陽), Yinye (陰葉), Duyang (堵陽) and Bowang (博望). For his achievements, he was promoted to General of Sharp Edge (厲鋒將軍) and enfeoffed as the Marquis of Guoming Village (國明亭侯). Later, as he made more contributions in battles, he
5250-461: Was killed by a stray arrow in battle. Instead of taking revenge against Zhang Ji's followers, Liu Biao took pity on them and made peace with Zhang Ji's nephew and successor, Zhang Xiu . He also gave Zhang Xiu and his followers control over Wancheng (宛城; also known simply as Wan 宛; in present-day Nanyang, Henan ) in northern Jing Province. Sometime between 5 February and 6 March 197, Cao Cao led his forces to attack Zhang Xiu. When his forces reached
5325-572: Was ordered to remain behind to guard Cao Cao's main camp during the raid. Cao Cao succeeded in destroying Yuan Shao's supplies in the raid and killed Chunyu Qiong in battle. When Yuan Shao heard that Wuchao was under attack, he sent his generals Zhang He and Gao Lan (高覽) to attack Cao Cao's main camp in the hope of diverting Cao's attention away from Wuchao. However, Zhang He and Gao Lan, already frustrated with Yuan Shao, ended up defecting to Cao Cao's side instead. They destroyed their own camps and led their men to Cao Cao's main camp to surrender. Cao Hong
5400-419: Was referred to as “The Key Point of Jingchu” (Jingchu is another name of the ancient state of Chu and the region belonged to it). During the Three Kingdoms period , Qichun was made a commandery ( Chinese : 郡 ; pinyin : Jùn ). In the summer of 223 CE, Eastern Wu general He Qi attacked and eliminated an outpost of Cao Wei in the new commandery territory of Qichun, on the southern slopes of
5475-497: Was so overjoyed that he wrote a memorial to the emperor to express his remorse and said he would spend the rest of his life behind the walls of his home. As Cao Hong was highly regarded for having made great contributions in the past, many people were upset over his demotion and fall from grace. Cao Pi died in June 226 and was succeeded by his son, Cao Rui , as the emperor of Wei. Cao Rui rehabilitated Cao Hong by appointing him as General of
5550-419: Was soundly defeated. When Zhang Xiu came back after his defeat, Jia Xu told him to attack again and predicted that he would win this time. Zhang Xiu said, "I didn't listen to you earlier, which resulted in my defeat. Now that I have lost, why should I attack again?" Jia Xu replied, "Changes have taken place. You'll win if you swiftly attack now." Zhang Xiu heeded Jia Xu's advice and attacked Cao Cao again. He won
5625-480: Was wealthy but was also known for being stingy with his wealth. When Cao Cao was still the Minister of Works , he set an example by getting the county offices to keep records of the accounts of officials, including his. When he heard that his personal wealth was equivalent to Cao Hong's, he remarked, "How can my personal wealth be the same as Zilian's?" In the past, when Cao Pi was still a youth, he once asked Cao Hong for
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