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42-558: The name could stem from that of the Canturigi, a population of Insubria of the 6th century BC. A village was founded here by Gauls in the following century, which was conquered by the Romans in 196 BC. In the Middle Ages Cantù was a source of conflict between the cities of Milan and Como . The Sforza of Milan took control permanently in the 15th century. The main attraction of Cantù

84-729: A 'foundation' or 'home' registration upon which an international registration could then be established. This mechanism is referred to as a "linking provision." The Protocol, after considerable lobbying efforts by WIPO, was signed by many countries, including most of the present members of the Madrid Agreement, and some countries that are members of the European Union, but were not members of the Madrid Agreement. The Protocol entered into force on 1 December 1995, and became operative on 1 April 1996. Many countries have needed to modify or consider modifying their trademark laws in order to adhere to

126-546: A braised meat dish cut very thin and cooked in wine and fennel seeds , historically obtained by stripping leftover meat. In particular the dish is widespread in the province of Varese ( Lombardy ), in the Alto Milanese area (Lombardy; particularly in the area of the city of Busto Arsizio , where it originates), in the province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola ( Piedmont ) and in lower Ticino ( Switzerland ). Madrid Agreement The Madrid System, also known as

168-461: A centrally administered system for obtaining multiple trademark registrations in separate jurisdictions; it does not create a single unified registration across different jurisdictions, as in the case of the European Union trademark system. Rather, applicants file a single international trademark application and pay one set of fees to apply for protection in any or all countries that are members of

210-653: A location in the Province of Como is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Insubria Insubria is a historical-geographical region which corresponds to the area inhabited in Classical antiquity by the Insubres ; the name can also refer to the Duchy of Milan (1395–1810). For several centuries this name stood for an area stretching approximately between the Adda river in

252-602: A repeated reshuffling of the Senate due to elections and a subsequent defection of a Republican senator. The treaty was eventually ratified during the presidency of George W. Bush . With the accession of the U.S. and EU to the Madrid Protocol on 2 November 2003, and 1 October 2004, respectively, most major trading jurisdictions have joined the Madrid system. On 31 July 2015, Algeria deposited its instrument of accession and acceded to

294-410: A series of events, the first of which was the founding (in 1995) of the above-mentioned "Regio Insubrica", a cross-boundary cooperation community whose aim is to promote the cultural, economic and social elements which draw Italian Switzerland and the border provinces together. The newspaper La Prealpina , followed by others, added a daily page headed "Insubria" reporting local political news. In 1996

336-409: A trademark owner can effectively apply for international registration concurrently, or immediately after, filing an application in a member jurisdiction. By comparison, the agreement requires that the trademark owner already holds an existing registration in a member jurisdiction, which may often take many months and sometimes years to obtain in the first place. In addition, the agreement does not provide

378-520: Is perceived as more restricted, as it indicates the territory of the cross-boundary cooperation community Regio Insubrica , which was set up in 1995 by the Italian provinces of Varese , Como , Verbano-Cusio-Ossola together with the Swiss Canton Ticino : that is to say, the lakes area between Italy and Switzerland where the Italian language is spoken. The Regio Insubrica was recently extended to

420-547: Is the Basilica di San Vincenzo in the frazione Galliano, which was consecrated in 1007 by the future Archbishop of Milan , Ariberto da Intimiano . The building was sold in 1801 to become a private dwelling, before being bought by the municipality in 1909 and reconsecrated in 1934. The basilica contains the oldest frescoes in Lombardy consisting of series of stories from the Bible and

462-424: Is then deleted from the basic application (for whatever reason), 'headgear' will also be deleted from the international application. Therefore, the protection afforded by the international registration in each designated member jurisdiction will extend only to 'clothing and footwear.' If the basic application is rejected as a whole, the international registration would also be totally refused. The process of attacking

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504-473: Is to say, a synthesis of environmentalism and requests for the protection of Insubrian cultural identity; it promotes the project of an Insubrian Confederation, based on the Swiss state model. "Domà Nunch" could be translated from Insubric language as "Only Us" or "Only Our", "El Dragh Bloeu" as "The Blue Dragon". Common in the whole Insubria area are bruscitti , originating from Altomilanese , which consist in

546-647: The Gran Consiglio of the Ticino Canton from January 2003 to the following elections in the same year, though he had been originally elected in 1999 among the Greens. The president of the movement in the Insubrian Graubünden was Giancarlo Gruber . Following internal party problems and Nussbaumer's arrest on 22 May 2003, the group disappeared from the political scene. The activities of Domà Nunch opinion group,

588-637: The Madrid Protocol or simply Madrid, is the primary international system for facilitating the registration of trademarks in multiple jurisdictions around the world. It was established pursuant to the multilateral treaties Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks of 1891 and the Protocol Relating to the Madrid Agreement (1989), which has been the sole governing treaty since 2016. The Madrid System provides

630-598: The Terra Insubre Cultural Association was officially set up in Varese ; its purposes are the spreading and promotion of the history and natural environment of the Insubrian territory to a vast audience. At present (2006) the association has about 1500 members and two detached branches (Milan and Marcallo con Casone), as well as a quarterly review also named Terra Insubre . In those same years (i.e. 14 July 1998)

672-455: The University of Insubria was set up as the university pole of the towns of Varese and Como . In recent years, some politicians have begun to debate the possibility of institutionally constituting Insubria and/or gaining its political autonomy. However, as of today there exist no political parties striving for that goal, but only some cultural and opinion movements. At the beginning of 2002

714-593: The Western Lombard or Insubrian variety of Lombard language is spoken and which correspond to the territory of the former Duchy of Milan until its takeover by the Habsburg Empire as a result of the Treaty of Baden in 1714 or, better said, of the Treaty of Campo Formio (1797), which marks the end of the first Austrian domination. The word "Insubria" was considered for long a mere synonym of Lombardy , especially in

756-474: The "Movimento degli Indipendenti Insubrici" ("Insubrian Independence Movement") was constituted in the Ticino Canton, and later in the Graubünden Canton. It was led by Werner Nussbaumer , a physician from Gravesano, former member of the Greens and known for his actions aimed at promoting Cannabis indica for therapeutical purposes. The "Indipendenti Insubrici" had Nussbaumer as their representative in

798-510: The 17th century Gabriele Verri reaffirmed that concept using the following motto, which he placed as a heading in all his works: "Insubres sumus, non latini" ("We are Insubrians, not Latins"). In 1797, following the occupation of the Duchy of Milan by the French, Napoleon I had the Milan mint strike a commemorative medal with the dedication "All'Insubria Libera" ("To Free Insubria") and an allegory of

840-673: The Ducal age, that is, from the late Middle Ages to the Renaissance. From the 14th to the 17th century, among the men of letters at the Milan Ducal Court, the terms "Insubre" and "Insubria" were used to give awareness of unity and a higher national identity to the still vital autonomous communes. "Insubria" thus denoted the core of the then extensive Duchy of Milan, as attested in the writings of Benzo d'Alessandria , Giovanni Simonetta , Thomas Coryat , Bernardino Corio and Andrea Alciato . In

882-880: The Forum on the Milanese Language in April 2007 in Nerviano , which reconciled the biggest linguistic associations of the region; the summit Olona: A Broken Valley in March 2008 in Gorla Minore ; the three-day Olona Valley Festival in June 2008; and the rallies against the Pedemontana highway project in November 2009 and February 2010. Domà Nunch draws its inspiration from the principles of eco-nationalism , that

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924-563: The French Republic, which was represented as a woman wearing a headpiece and helped on the right hand by Peace, who places the Phrygian cap onto Insubria's head. Insubria is led by a putto and has a horn of plenty at her feet. In the 1930s, a review called Insubria was published, whose aim was promoting tourism and culture of the pre-Alpine lakes area. The term fell into oblivion until the 1990s, when Insubria came into favour again because of

966-410: The Madrid Protocol on 31 October 2015; as Algeria was the last member of the Madrid system to adhere to the protocol, the protocol became effective across the entire Madrid system. Adherence to the convention or the protocol includes membership of the "Madrid Union." As of June 2019 , there are 104 members made out of 120 countries. The original treaty has 55 members, all of which are also party to

1008-785: The Madrid System consists of 114 members covering 130 countries; known collectively as the Madrid Union, they represent more than 80% of world trade. The Madrid system comprises two treaties; the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks , which was concluded in 1891, and entered into force in 1892, and the Protocol Relating to the Madrid Agreement , which came into operation on 1 April 1996. The Madrid Agreement and Madrid Protocol were adopted at diplomatic conferences held in Madrid, Spain . The Madrid Agreement

1050-629: The Protocol, in addition to the modifications required by GATT - TRIPS / WTO . In Europe, resistance to the Protocol was brought by trademark attorneys who were afraid of losing business because a Community Trade Mark application could be filed directly through the Madrid Protocol process. In the United States, the proposal bogged down due to a trademark dispute between two businesses who were heavy campaign contributors to certain Congressmen, followed by

1092-575: The Trademark Registration Treaty (TRT) which was adopted in Vienna in 1973, and entered into effect in 1980, with five contracting states, namely, Burkina Faso , Congo , Gabon , Soviet Union and Togo . In the absence of more accessions to the TRT and the low number of registrations since its inception, it was clear that the TRT was unlikely to supplant the Madrid Agreement. As the realization of

1134-431: The agreement, which has been in operation for more than 110 years and has 55 members. The primary reason the protocol is more popular than the agreement is that the protocol introduced a number of changes to the Madrid system which significantly enhanced its usefulness to trademark owners. For example, under the protocol it is possible to obtain an international registration based on a pending trademark application, so that

1176-733: The area of pre-Alpine lakes (the Italian Lakes ) and Milan . The name Insubres is visible in the middle portion of the Tabula Peutingeriana . The symbol of Insubria (when conceived as the Duchy of Milan) is the Milanese Ducal flag , the Visconti child-swallowing serpent quartered with the Imperial eagle . For further details, see the Duchy of Milan . At present, the meaning of the term Insubria

1218-431: The basic application or basic registration for this purpose is generally known as 'central attack.' Under the Madrid Protocol, the effects of a successful central attack can be mitigated by transforming the international registration into a series of applications in each jurisdiction designated by the international registration, a process known as 'transformation.' Although transformation is an expensive option of last resort,

1260-602: The east and the Sesia river in the west, and between the San Gottardo Pass in the north and the Po river in the south, thus it was a synonym of the Milan region and the surrounding countryside corresponding with Lombardy in modern Italy. Polybius claims the Insubres founded the city of Milan around 600 BC. They were a Celtic or Ligurian people which dwelt in the 4th–5th century BC in

1302-420: The introduction of a multi-jurisdictional (or at least pan-European) European Community Trade Mark (CTM) approached, the relevancy of the Madrid system came under scrutiny. Pressure increased on WIPO to maintain its relevance and strengthen the agreement by increasing membership, possibly through amendments. This culminated in the introduction of the Madrid Protocol, pursuant to which a CTM registration could be

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1344-460: The option to 'convert' international registrations which have been 'centrally attacked.' The Madrid system provides a mechanism whereby a trademark owner who has an existing trademark application or registration (known as the 'basic application' or 'basic registration') in a member jurisdiction may obtain an 'international registration' for their trademark from the WIPO. The trademark owner may then extend

1386-441: The payment of a single fee. One disadvantage of the Madrid system is that any refusal, withdrawal or cancellation of the basic application or basic registration within five years of the registration date of the international registration will lead to the refusal, withdrawal or cancellation of the international registration to the same extent. For example, if a basic application covers 'clothing, headgear and footwear,' and 'headgear'

1428-708: The promoter of the "El Dragh Bloeu" online review, started in 2005. The movement was officially presented in Piazza Insubria, Milan, on 6 February 2006. Domà Nunch has no institutional representatives, but it mainly organizes conferences, rallies and popular fairs; among them the annual Insubrian National Day every 5 September, to celebrate the foundation of the Duchy of Milan ; the Forum on the Environmental Emergencies in Insubria, which took place in March 2007 in Uboldo ;

1470-406: The protection afforded to the international registration to one or more member jurisdictions, a process known as 'designation'. A useful feature of the Madrid system is that this protection may generally be extended to additional jurisdictions at any time, such that international trade mark protection can be extended to new jurisdictions which subsequently join Madrid, or to such other jurisdictions as

1512-467: The protocol (when Algeria joined the Madrid Protocol on 31 October 2015, all of the members of the Madrid Agreement were also members of the Madrid Protocol and many of the aspects of the Madrid Agreement ceased to have any practical effect). The term 'Madrid Union' can be used to describe those jurisdictions party to either the agreement or the protocol (or both). The protocol has been in operation since 1996 and has 100 members making it more popular than

1554-686: The saints. The frescoes in the apse are especially fine, and those in the nave probably by this master painter's followers. Other sights are the Piazza Garibaldi, named for Giuseppe Garibaldi , and the San Paolo Church, whose bell tower is one of the symbols of the city. Pallacanestro Cantù , the basketball club of the city, won the European Champions Cup twice in 1982 and 1983. Cantù is served by Cantù railway station and Cantù-Cermenate railway station . This article on

1596-617: The system; each country has discretion to grant the application. Once the trademark authority of a designated country grants protection, the mark is protected in that jurisdiction just as if that office had registered it. The Madrid System is administered by the International Bureau of the United Nations World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) in Geneva , Switzerland . As of February 2023,

1638-612: The territories of the provinces of Novara and Lecco . It is a Euroregion (complying with the Madrid Agreement by the Council of Europe ) which promotes cross-boundary cooperation in the Italian-Swiss region of the three pre-Alpine lakes (i.e., Lake Como , Lake Lugano and Lake Maggiore ). From an ethnolinguistic viewpoint, Insubria also comprises the provinces of Novara , Lecco , Milan , and Lodi , that is, those areas in which

1680-414: The trade mark owner may choose. In basic terms, the primary advantage of the Madrid system is that it allows a trademark owner to obtain trademark protection in any or all member states by filing one application in one jurisdiction with one set of fees, and make any changes (e.g. changes of name or address) and renew registration across all applicable jurisdictions through a single administrative process and

1722-401: Was based came under 'central attack', the international registration would be cancelled or limited to the same extent that the home registration was cancelled or limited. During 1966 and 1967, attempts were made to address this issue by establishing a new treaty that would reflect the need of the times rather than the world of the 1890s when the agreement was adopted. This led to the drafting of

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1764-417: Was originally intended to provide for an international registration system, but did not achieve this for two significant reasons: Some of the large trading nations like the United States, Japan, and Canada , which have a large number of filings at the national level, did not join the Madrid Agreement due to another perceived flaw in the system: if the home registration upon which an international registration

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