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27-526: Cantiere Navale Triestino – abbreviated CNT, or in English Trieste Naval Shipyard – was a private shipbuilding company based at Monfalcone operating in the early 20th century. The yard still functions today, though under a different name. Cantiere Navale Triestino was founded in 1908 by the Cosulich family. The company was largely Italian, though the site, at Monfalcone, was in what was then

54-859: The Austrian Littoral from 1849. The first shipyards arose from about 1908 onwards, among them the Cantiere Navale Triestino company building steamships for the Austro-Americana Line based in Trieste . During World War I , the town was captured by Italian forces in 1915 and became the rear line during the bloody Battles of the Isonzo , being briefly recaptured by Austria-Hungary after the 1917 Battle of Caporetto , but returning to Italy in 1918. The shipyards were severely damaged by bitter fighting and had to be rebuilt afterwards. During World War II

81-602: The Austro-Hungarian Empire . Up to the outbreak of the First World War CNT had built several ships, both merchant such as Belvedere and military such as the cruiser Saida for the Austro-Hungarian Navy (KuK). At the outbreak of war between Italy and Austria in 1915 the largely Italian workforce abandoned the shipyard, while the site itself was too close to the front line to continue to operate. It

108-510: The Fondo Egone Missio Archives (Egone Missio Archives). Monfalcone is twinned with: In 2024 religious, cultural and ethnic factors gained importance with cricket being banned in the town. Austrian Littoral The Austrian Littoral ( German : Österreichisches Küstenland , Italian : Litorale Austriaco , Croatian : Austrijsko primorje , Slovene : Avstrijsko primorje , Hungarian : Osztrák Tengermellék )

135-798: The French Empire 's puppet state the Kingdom of Italy , by the Treaty of Pressburg of 1805 . The 1809 Treaty of Schönbrunn then transferred the area to the Illyrian Provinces , which were directly ruled by France. When Napoleon was later defeated, the Austrian Empire regained the region. In 1813, all of the Littoral including Trieste, Gorizia and Gradisca, all of Istria, the Quarnero Islands , Fiume, and

162-717: The Habsburg monarchy by making peace with the Ottomans and declaring free shipping in the Adriatic. In 1719, Trieste and Fiume were made free ports . In 1730, administration of the Littoral was unified under the Intendancy in Trieste . However, in 1775, Emperor Joseph II put the two main ports under separate administration, assigning Trieste as the port for the Austrian "hereditary lands" and Fiume for

189-574: The Julian March . An area of similar extent under the name of Adriatic Littoral ( Adriatisches Küstenland ) was one of the operational zones of German forces during World War II after the capitulation of Italy in September 1943 until the end of the war. After World War II, most of it was included in the Second Yugoslavia . Today Croatia and Slovenia each hold portions of the territory, and

216-690: The Kingdom of Hungary . Shortly after that, Trieste was merged with the Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca in the north. During the Napoleonic Wars , the Habsburg monarchy gained Venetian lands in the Istrian Peninsula and the Quarnero (Kvarner) Islands as part of the Treaty of Campo Formio of 1797. However, these territories and all of the new Austrian Empire 's Adriatic lands were soon lost to

243-506: The mother tongue , but the "language of daily interaction" ( Umgangssprache ). Except for a small Serbian community in Trieste and the village of Peroj in Istria . After 1880, Italian and Friulian languages were counted under one category, as Italian. The estimated number of Friulian speakers can be extrapolated from the Italian census of 1921, the only one in the 20th century when Friulian

270-526: The Adriatic, and the Austrian archdukes' attention to the threat posed to them by an expanding Ottoman Empire , gave them little opportunity to enlarge their coastal possessions. Incorporated into the Austrian Circle of the Holy Roman Empire , Görz, Trieste and Istria remained separately administered and retained their autonomy until the 18th century. Emperor Charles VI increased the sea power of

297-649: The Littoral was divided into the three crown lands of the Imperial Free City of Trieste and its suburbs, the Margraviate of Istria , and the Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca , which each had separate administrations and Landtag assemblies, but were all subject to a k.k. statholder at Trieste . Following the dissolution of Austria-Hungary, the Littoral fell within Italy 's newly expanded borders as part of

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324-565: The Rocca fortress. In 1521 it was returned to the Republic of Venice, under which it remained until its dissolution by the 1797 Treaty of Campo Formio . From 1805 it was controlled by the French Empire until the fall of Napoleon in 1814, after which it was included in the Kingdom of Illyria , part of the Austrian Empire . Incorporated into the crown land of Gorizia and Gradisca , it belonged to

351-514: The area after World War I according to the Treaty of London and later the Treaty of Rapallo . After World War II it was split, with Italy in the west and Yugoslavia in the east. Trieste had strategic importance as Austria-Hungary's primary seaport, and the coast of the Littoral was a resort destination known as the Austrian Riviera . The region was a multi-ethnic one, with Italians , Slovenes , Croats , Germans and Friulians being

378-579: The city of Trieste remains under Italian rule. The name of the region lives on in its Slovene version, Primorska (Slovenian Littoral), a region of Slovenia. Area: Population (1910 Census): According to the last Austrian census of 1910 (1911 in Trieste), the Austrian Littoral was composed of the following linguistic communities: Total: Gorizia and Gradisca: Trieste: Istria: The Austrian censuses did not count ethnic groups , nor

405-660: The direct control of the crown, separate from the local administrative structure. In 1849, the Kingdom of Illyria was dissolved and the Littoral became a separate crown land with a governor in Trieste. It was formally divided into the Margravate of Istria and the Princely County ( Gefürstete Grafschaft ) of Gorizia and Gradisca with Trieste remaining separate from both. By the 1861 February Patent , Gorizia and Gradisca and Istria became administratively separate entities and, in 1867, Trieste received separate status as well, and

432-518: The hills, known as Insulae Clarae . After Ostrogoth , Byzantine , Lombard , and Frankish domination, Monfalcone was controlled by the Patriarchs of Aquileia starting from 967. The Venetians conquered it in 1420 after three days of siege, keeping it until 1511, when it fell to the French. Conquered back by Venice, it was ravaged by the troops of Habsburg Emperor Maximilian I in 1513, who destroyed

459-480: The hinterland of Fiume, Civil Croatia , including Karlstadt (Karlovac), became one administrative unit. From 1816, the Littoral was a part of the Austrian Empire's Kingdom of Illyria . In 1822, Fiume and Civil Croatia were separated from the territory and ceded to the Kingdom of Hungary (and in 1849 went to Croatia ). The Littoral was officially the Triest (Trieste) Province, one of two gouvernements (provinces) of

486-674: The kingdom, the other being Laibach (Ljubljana). It was subdivided into four kreise ( districts ): Görz (Gorizia), including Gorizia and the Julian March ; Istrien (Istria), which was eastern Istria and the Quarnero Islands; Triest (Trieste), which was the Trieste hinterland and Western Istria; and the Triester Stadtgebiet (city of Trieste). Around 1825, the Littoral was reorganized into only two subdivisions: Istria, with its capital at Mitterburg (Pisino/Pazin), and Gorizia. Trieste and its immediate surroundings were put under

513-639: The main centre of Bisiacaria territory. Joined to its neighbourhoods, it has about 50,000 inhabitants. The town lies between the Karst hills and the Adriatic coast, and it is the northernmost port of the Mediterranean Sea. In prehistoric times the area of Monfalcone housed several fortified villages called castellieri . After the foundation of the Roman city of Aquileia (181 BC), some thermal buildings were created on

540-554: The main groups. In 1910, it had an area of 7,969 square kilometres (3,077 sq mi) and a population of 894,287. The territory of the medieval Patriarchate of Aquileia had gradually been conquered by the Republic of Venice ( Domini di Terraferma ) until the early 15th century. In the east, the Habsburg archdukes of Austria , based on the March of Carniola they held from 1335, had gained suzerainty over Istrian Pazin in 1374 and

567-519: The port of Trieste in 1382. They also purchased Duino and Rijeka (Fiume) on the northern Adriatic coast in 1474, and inherited more territory in Friuli when the Counts of Görz line died out in 1500. In 1511, Emperor Maximilian I annexed the city of Gradisca from Venice. The Habsburgs did little initially to consolidate or develop their holdings in the Littoral. The supremacy of the Republic of Venice in

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594-577: The postwar period, becoming part of the Fincantieri group in 1984. Monfalcone It is a major industrial centre for manufacturing ships, airplanes, textiles, chemicals, and refined oil, and the home of the Fincantieri cruise ship building company. Monfalcone is the northernmost city on the Mediterranean Sea . Monfalcone is the fifth most populous town in Friuli-Venezia Giulia and

621-758: The town was repeatedly bombed and heavily damaged, became a center of the Italian Resistance after the Armistice of Cassibile , and it was briefly occupied by Yugoslav troops at the end of the war. Monfalcone railway station , opened in 1860, is a junction between the Venice–Trieste railway and the Udine–Trieste railway . The construction and design records of the ships produced in Monfalcone Shipyard Number 1 from 1909 - 1967 have been preserved in

648-457: Was a crown land ( Kronland ) of the Austrian Empire , established in 1849. It consisted of three regions: the Margraviate of Istria in the south, Gorizia and Gradisca in the north, and the Imperial Free City of Trieste in the middle. The region has been contested frequently, with parts of it controlled at various times by the Republic of Venice , Austria-Hungary , Italy , and Yugoslavia among others. The Kingdom of Italy annexed most of

675-562: Was ceded to Italy and the firm built naval and commercial vessels for its new host country. In 1923 the company branched out into aviation, leading to the formation of the CANT aircraft company . In 1929 CNT was merged with another Italian shipbuilding firm, Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino to form Cantieri Riuniti dell' Adriatico (CRDA). As CRDA Monfalcone the company specialized in submarines, building 47 of Italy's 100 pre-war submarine fleet. CRDA Monfalcone's shipyards remained active well into

702-509: Was counted as a distinct linguistic category. The Austrian Littoral had a large number of foreign nationals (around 71,000 or 7.9% of the overall population), which were not asked about their language of interaction. More than half of them resided in the city of Trieste. The majority were citizens of the Kingdom of Italy, followed by citizens of the Kingdom of Hungary (part of the Dual Monarchy) and

729-707: Was occupied by the Italian Army on 8 June 1915 and was under fire from the Austrians from July to September 1915 during the Battle of the Isonzo . The company continued to operate, using facilities loaned by DDSG at Budapest and the Naval Arsenal at Pola . During the war CNT built submarines for the KuK, including several of the U-27 class of U-Boats. After World War I , the Trieste region

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