82-853: The Canterbury scene (or Canterbury sound ) was a musical scene centred on the city of Canterbury , Kent, England during the late 1960s and early 1970s. Associated with progressive rock , the term describes a loosely-defined, improvisational style that blended elements of jazz , rock , and psychedelia . These musicians played together in numerous bands, with ever-changing and overlapping personnel, creating some similarities in their musical output. Many prominent British avant-garde or fusion musicians began their career in Canterbury bands, including Hugh Hopper , Steve Hillage , Dave Stewart (the keyboardist), Robert Wyatt , Kevin Ayers , Richard Sinclair , Daevid Allen , and Mike Ratledge . The Canterbury scene
164-491: A community interest company and currently compete in the Southern Counties East Football League . The previous incarnation of the club folded in 2001. Rugby Canterbury RFC were founded in 1926 and became the first East Kent club to achieve National League status and currently play in the fourth tier, National League 2 South . Tour de France The cycling Tour de France passed through
246-444: A 33-metre (108 ft) swimming pool and sports hall for football, basketball, and badminton. Canterbury hosts some 31,000 students and has the highest student to permanent resident ratio in the UK. They attend three universities , and other higher education institutions. The University of Kent 's main campus extends to 600 acres (243 ha) and is situated on Saint Stephen's Hill,
328-648: A crossing point of the river and on ancient track ways. In Ashford, the river helps form part of the Ashford Green Corridor . After Ashford, the Stour breaches the North Downs; for most of this distance there are no tributaries. After the Brook stream enters from the right, there are now 15 miles (24 km) to Canterbury. In this stretch the river flows through the villages of Wye , Chilham and Chartham , with Wye being
410-495: A fordable crossing. The historic city of Canterbury lies at the junction of four branches of the Roman road Watling Street which connected Canterbury with ports around the Kent coast – Lympne , Dover , Richborough and Reculver . Within the city, the river flows in two channels, one through the centre of the city, and the other to the north of the city walls. The two channels rejoin to
492-549: A large loop in the natural river. The Stour has Kent's second largest catchment area (the River Medway having the largest). The lower part of the river is tidal; its original mouth was on the Wantsum Channel , an important sea route in medieval times. The river has three major tributaries , and many minor ones. For much of its length, it flows in a generally south-west to north-east direction. The historic city of Canterbury
574-493: A major military garrison, its position on Watling Street relative to the major Kentish ports of Rutupiae ( Richborough ), Dubrae ( Dover ), and Lemanae ( Lymne ) gave it considerable strategic importance. In the late 3rd century, to defend against attack from barbarians , the Romans built an earth bank around the city and a wall with seven gates, which enclosed an area of 130 acres (53 ha). Despite being counted as one of
656-527: A mile north of Canterbury city centre. As of 2014 , it enrolled around 20,000 students. Canterbury Christ Church University was founded as a teacher training college in 1962 by the Church of England ; in 2005 it became a university. As of 2007 , it had around 15,000 students. The Franciscan International Study Centre is close to the University of Kent campus. King's School is the oldest secondary school in
738-569: A moderate unemployment rate of 2%. This data considers only people claiming either Jobseekers Allowance or Universal Credit principally for the reason of being unemployed. It does not include those without access to such benefits. At the time, the national rate was 4.2%. A report in 2023 by the Poverty Working Group of the Canterbury Sustainable Development Goals Forum evidenced increasing poverty in
820-402: A result of a commission that found them impeding to new coach travel. Canterbury Prison opened in 1808 just outside the city boundary. By 1820 the silk weaving in the city had been supplanted by imported Indian muslins and trade carried out was thereafter largely of hops and wheat . The Canterbury & Whitstable Railway (The Crab and Winkle Way), the world's first passenger railway,
902-520: A settlement which began to grow rapidly with new refugees arriving from Artois and Flanders . This settlement, in June 1575, almost entirely relocated to Canterbury, which had in the previous year gained a small Huguenot population. A number of refugees also arrived around this time from the temporary Huguenot settlements at Rye and Winchelsea . In 1575, the Huguenot population of Canterbury were granted use of
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#1732844190578984-560: Is The Shakespeare bar which had been a playhouse in the Tudor period . Theatre companies in Canterbury include The Canterbury Players. In common with many English towns and cities in the Middle Ages , Canterbury employed a band of waits . There are records of payments to the waits from 1402, though they probably existed earlier. The waits were disbanded by the city authorities in 1641 for 'misdemeanors' but reinstated in 1660 when they played for
1066-722: Is a river in Kent , England that flows into the North Sea at Pegwell Bay . Above Plucks Gutter , where the Little Stour joins it, the river is normally known as the Great Stour . The upper section of the river, above its confluence with the East Stour at Ashford is sometimes known as the Upper Great Stour or West Stour . In the tidal lower reaches, the artificial Stonar Cut short cuts
1148-451: Is also operated by Southeastern. There is no direct interchange between Canterbury West and Canterbury East stations because the two railways into the city were built by rival companies. Canterbury Parkway railway station has been proposed as an additional station outside of the city, with links to both lines. Stagecoach run local bus routes in Canterbury, as well as long-distance services. Its bio fuel 'Unibus' service operates between
1230-451: Is known for its architecture, its music, and for being the seat of the Archbishop of Canterbury ; it receives a million visitors per year. The Roman settlement of Durovernum Cantiacorum (" Kentish Durovernum") occupied the location of an earlier British town whose ancient British name has been reconstructed as * Durou̯ernon ("stronghold by the alder grove"), although the name
1312-409: Is largely defined by a set of musicians and bands with intertwined members. These are not tied by very strong musical similarities, but a certain whimsicality, touches of psychedelia , rather abstruse lyrics, and a use of improvisation derived from jazz are common elements in their work. "The real essence of 'Canterbury Sound' is the tension between complicated harmonies, extended improvisations, and
1394-477: Is limited to the Simon Langton Boys School grounds. From 2007 to 2020 Canterbury was also served by the country's first student led community radio station CSR 97.4FM. CSR means "Canterbury Student Radio" but it was a radio station catering to the students of the University of Kent and Canterbury Christ Church University, other educational establishments and the wider community being a collaboration of
1476-470: Is published by KOS Media , which also prints Kent on Sunday . Local radio stations are BBC Radio Kent on 104.2FM, Heart South on 102.8FM and KMFM Canterbury on 106FM. KMFM Canterbury was formerly KMFM106, and from foundation in 1997 until KM Group took control CTFM, a reference to Canterbury's CT postcode. KMFM's studio moved from the city to Ashford in 2008. Canterbury Hospital Radio serves Kent and Canterbury Hospital , and SBSLive's coverage
1558-513: Is relatively little rainfall throughout the year. At the 2001 UK census , the total population of the city itself was 43,432, and 135,278 within the Canterbury district. In 2011, the total district population was counted as 151,200, with an 11.7% increase from 2001, and the population of the city had grown to over 55,000. By 2015, Canterbury's student population, including the University of Kent and Canterbury Christ Church University , and
1640-681: Is situated on the river, as are the former Cinque Port of Sandwich and the railway town of Ashford. The route of the Stour Valley Walk follows the river. The source, of what is known at that point as the Great Stour, is near the village of Lenham , within a short distance of the River Len , a tributary of the Medway . The source is at a high elevation close to the North Downs escarpment. At first,
1722-815: Is sometimes supposed to have derived from various British names for the Stour . Medieval variants of the Roman name include Dorobernia and Dorovernia . In Sub-Roman Britain , it was known in Old Welsh as Cair Ceint ("stronghold of Kent "). Occupied by the Jutes , it became known in Old English as Cantwareburh ("stronghold of the Kentish men"). The Canterbury area has been inhabited since prehistoric times . Lower Paleolithic axes, and Neolithic and Bronze Age pots have been found in
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#17328441905781804-483: Is still being published, claiming to be the country's second oldest surviving newspaper. It is currently produced as a paid-for newspaper by KM Group in Whitstable with a 25,000 circulation across East Kent. Three free weekly newspapers provide local news. The Daily Mail and General Trust 's Canterbury Times has a circulation of 55,000. Similar circulation Canterbury Extra is owned by KM Group . yourcanterbury
1886-462: Is the home of Kent County Cricket Club , with the St Lawrence Ground hosting many of the team's matches. It has also been used for several One Day Internationals , including an England match during the 1999 Cricket World Cup . The St Lawrence Ground is notable for being one of only two grounds used regularly for first-class cricket that have had a tree within the boundary, the other being
1968-581: The City Oval in Pietermaritzburg . American Football There have been multiple American football teams based in Canterbury since the game was popularised in the UK. Currently, the city is the home of the East Kent Mavericks , 2023 BAFA National Leagues Southern Football Conference 2 Champions, as well as teams from both universities. Football Canterbury City F.C. reformed in 2007 as
2050-565: The Crab and Winkle line , had a terminus at North Lane station . It ran from 3 May 1830 to 1953 and was the first regular passenger steam railway in the world. Canterbury South railway station was sited on the Elham Valley Railway . The station opened in 1889 and closed, along with the rest of the railway, in 1947. Canterbury West railway station is operated by Southeastern . Canterbury East railway station , (Canterbury's other station)
2132-624: The First World War , barracks and voluntary hospitals were set up around the city. In 1917 a German bomber crash-landed near Broad Oak Road. Mahatma Gandhi visited Canterbury in October 1931. During the Second World War , 10,445 bombs dropped during 135 separate raids destroyed 731 homes and 296 other buildings in the city, including the missionary college and Simon Langton Girls' Grammar School . 119 civilian people died through enemy action in
2214-519: The Local Government Act 1888 . In 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972 , the city came under the control of Kent County Council . Canterbury, along with Whitstable and Herne Bay, is now in the City of Canterbury local government district. The city's urban area consists of the six electoral wards of Barton, Blean Forest, Northgate, St Stephens, Westgate, and Wincheap. These wards have eleven of
2296-543: The River Stour . The city has a mild oceanic climate. Canterbury is a popular tourist destination, with the city's economy heavily reliant upon tourism, alongside higher education and retail. As of 2011, the city's population was over 55,000, including a substantial number of students and one of the highest student-to-permanent-resident ratios in Britain. The site of the city has been occupied since Paleolithic times and served as
2378-648: The Stonar Cut , made use of an existing sluice to cut across the neck of the loop, and were completed in 1776. During World War I , huge volumes of both troops and supplies were needed on the Continent and, in the utmost secrecy, a new port was built at Richborough. Landing facilities along the Cut were built, and the East Kent Light Railway was extended to service the port. Nothing now remains of much of those works, and
2460-777: The Whitefriars Shopping Centre underwent major redevelopment. In 2000, during the redevelopment, a major archaeological project was undertaken by the Canterbury Archaeological Trust , known as the Big Dig, which was supported by Channel Four 's Time Team . Canterbury experiences an oceanic climate ( Köppen climate classification Cfb ), similar to almost all of the United Kingdom. Canterbury enjoys mild temperatures all year round, being between 1.8 °C (35.2 °F) and 22.8 °C (73 °F). There
2542-655: The symphonic repertoire. Other local musical groups include the Canterbury Singers, founded in 1953; Cantemus; and the City of Canterbury Chamber Choir. The Canterbury Festival takes place over two weeks in October including musical events ranging from opera and symphony concerts to world music , jazz and folk . From 2006 to 2015 the July Lounge On The Farm music festival presented rock , indie and dance artists near Canterbury. Cricket Canterbury
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2624-472: The "Canterbury Navigation, or River Stour". He includes an account of its course and the improvements being carried out at that time to assist navigation, and details of new port facilities. Man has used the River Stour and its tributaries for centuries as a source of power. Many different processes were performed by the use of water power:- Corn milling, fulling, paper making and electricity generation. Many of
2706-551: The 28 cities of Sub-Roman Britain , it seems that after the Romans left Britain in 410 Durovernum Cantiacorum was abandoned for around 100 years, except by a few farmers and gradually decayed. Over the next 100 years, an Anglo-Saxon community formed within the city walls , as Jutish refugees arrived, possibly intermarrying with the locals. The town's new importance led to its revival, and trades developed in pottery, textiles, and leather. By 630, gold coins were being struck at
2788-538: The Canterbury mint. In 842 and 851, Canterbury suffered great loss of life during Danish raids. The siege of Canterbury saw a large Viking army besiege Canterbury in 1011, culminating in the city being pillaged. Remembering the destruction caused by the Danes, the inhabitants of Canterbury did not resist William the Conqueror 's invasion in 1066. William immediately ordered a wooden motte-and-bailey castle to be built by
2870-406: The Canterbury scene never had anything to do with Canterbury, the place. The former Soft Machine bassist Hugh Hopper , who lived in Whitstable , near Canterbury, said: "I think it's a rather artificial label, a journalistic thing... I don't mind it, but people like Robert [Wyatt] , he in fact hates that idea, because he was born somewhere else and just happened to go to school here. In the time when
2952-531: The Cut has been allowed to return to its natural state. In Roman and medieval times, the river was an important highway, connecting Canterbury with the Continent. Fordwich became important to shipping after the silting up of the southern entrance to the English Channel . In 1831 Joseph Priestley wrote his Historical Account of the Navigable Rivers, Canals and Railways . In it he described in one section
3034-506: The Medway catchment barely 100 metres (330 ft) away to the south. The river turns north east by the village of Great Chart in the direction of its outlet to the sea. The confluence with the East Stour , flowing from its source near Hythe , is to be found at Pledge's Mill at the bottom of East Hill in Ashford. The town of Ashford marks the start of the middle section of the river, sited at
3116-698: The North , National Health , Gilgamesh , Soft Heap , Khan and In Cahoots . Ian Dury , front man of 1970s rock band Ian Dury and the Blockheads , taught Fine Art at Canterbury College of Art and early incarnations of his band Kilburn and the High Roads performed in the city. Canterbury Choral Society give regular concerts in Canterbury Cathedral, typically large-scale classical choral works. The Canterbury Orchestra, founded in 1953, perform major works from
3198-520: The Roman city wall. In the early 12th century, the castle was rebuilt with stone. Canterbury Castle was captured by the French Prince Louis during his 1215 invasion of England, before the death of John caused his English supporters to desert his cause and support the young Henry III . Black Death reached Canterbury in 1348. At 10,000, Canterbury had the 10th largest population in England; by
3280-587: The Second World War Baedeker Blitz . Survivors include the Huguenot "Old Weaver's House". St Martin's Mill is the only surviving mill out of the six known to have stood in Canterbury. It was built in 1817 and worked until 1890 but is now a residence. The Marlowe Theatre is named after Christopher Marlowe , who was born in the city. It was formerly located in St Margaret's Street but moved to
3362-609: The United Kingdom. St. Augustine established it shortly after his 597 arrival in Canterbury though documented history of it only began after dissolution of the monasteries in the 16th century, when it took the present name in honour of Henry VIII . The city's secondary grammar schools are Barton Court Grammar School , Simon Langton Grammar School for Boys and Simon Langton Girls' Grammar School , all of which in 2008 had over 93% of their pupils gain five or more GCSEs at grades A* to C including English and maths. The pioneering Canterbury & Whitstable Railway , known locally as
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3444-487: The Wilde Flowers started we hardly ever worked in Canterbury. It wasn't until Robert and Daevid [Allen] went to London to start Soft Machine that anything happened at all. They weren't really a Canterbury band [...] if it helps people understand or listen to more music then it is fine." In the 21st century, the Canterbury group Syd Arthur have been seen as latter-day practitioners. Poet, painter, and singer Lady June
3526-460: The ancient estuary of the river; Wade, west of Birchington ; and Ash Level. In the mid-18th century, it became necessary to alleviate the problem of flooding along the lower course of the Stour. The action of tidal drift of shingle along the coast had resulted in the huge loop at the estuary end of the river, and on 29 November 1774 an Act of Parliament was enacted to bypass the loop at the narrowest end, at Stonar . The works, to become known as
3608-433: The area consists mainly of brickearth overlying chalk. Tertiary sands overlain by London clay form St. Thomas's Hill and St. Stephen's Hill about a mile northwest of the city centre. Canterbury is a medieval city, with Canterbury Cathedral inside the ring of the city walls, forming the historic centre. Of the defensive structures, a section of the medieval walls remains to the south, near Canterbury Castle , while to
3690-500: The area. Canterbury was first recorded as the main settlement of the Celtic tribe of the Cantiaci , which inhabited most of modern-day Kent . In the 1st century AD, the Romans captured the settlement and named it Durovernum Cantiacorum . The Romans rebuilt the city, with new streets in a grid pattern , a theatre , a temple , a forum , and public baths . Although they did not maintain
3772-510: The borough. The most devastating raid was on 1 June 1942 during the Baedeker Blitz . Before the end of the war, the architect Charles Holden drew up plans to redevelop the city centre, but locals were so opposed that the Citizens' Defence Association was formed; it swept to power in the 1945 municipal elections. Rebuilding of the city centre eventually began 10 years after the war. A ring road
3854-763: The capital of the Celtic Cantiaci and Jute Kingdom of Kent . Many historical structures fill the area, including a city wall founded in Roman times and rebuilt in the 14th century, the Westgate Towers museum, the ruins of St Augustine's Abbey , the Norman Canterbury Castle , and the oldest extant school in the world , the King's School . Modern additions include the Marlowe Theatre and Kent County Cricket Club 's St Lawrence Ground . Canterbury Cathedral
3936-464: The church of St Alphedge but in the following year had begun to use the crypt of Canterbury Cathedral as their church. The Church of the Crypt swiftly became the nucleus of the Huguenot community in Canterbury. By the 17th century, French-speaking Huguenots comprised two-fifths of Canterbury's population. The Huguenots had a large influence on the economy of Canterbury, and introduced silk weaving into
4018-540: The city centre and University of Kent . Canterbury has two operational park and ride sites at Wincheap and New Dover Road, both intended for visitors arriving from the south by road. National Cycle Routes 1 runs through Canterbury from Dover and Sandwich to Whitstable . National Cycle Route 18 runs from Canterbury to Ashford . Canterbury's first newspaper was the Kentish Post , founded in 1717. It merged with newly founded Kentish Gazette in 1768 which
4100-446: The city in 1994, and again in 2007 when it hosted the finish for Stage 1. Hockey Canterbury Hockey Club is one of the largest in the country; it enters teams in both the Men's and Women's England Hockey Leagues . Former Olympic gold medal winner Sean Kerly has been a member. Public Facilities Public sporting facilities are provided at Kingsmead Leisure Centre, including
4182-474: The city using, for example, life expectancy figures and the number of meals provided by the city food banks , as well as interviews with organisations and individuals attempting to help those in danger of and in poverty. This supports earlier findings on poverty in the city. The 17th century, double jettied , half-timbered Crooked House bookshop operated by the Catching Lives homelessness charity at
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#17328441905784264-466: The city which had outstripped wool weaving by 1676. Canterbury remained an important city in the 17th century. Charles I and Henrietta Maria visited in 1625; musicians played whilst the couple entered the city under a velvet canopy supported by six men holding poles. In 1647, during the English Civil War , riots broke out. The riots became known as the "Plum Pudding Riots". The rioters' trial
4346-549: The congregation. With the accession of Mary I , the Huguenot residents of Canterbury were compelled to flee in 1553–4 alongside the English Marian exiles to Emden , Wesel , Zürich , Strasbourg, Frankfurt , and later Basel , Geneva , and Aarau . After the accession of Elizabeth I , a small number of Huguenots returned to London, including Jan Utenhove in 1559. In 1561, a number of Huguenots in London were sent to Sandwich ,
4428-427: The early 16th century, the population had fallen to 3,000. In 1363, during the Hundred Years' War , a Commission of Inquiry found disrepair, stone-robbing and ditch-filling had led to the Roman wall becoming eroded. Between 1378 and 1402, the wall was virtually rebuilt, and new wall towers were added. In 1381, during Wat Tyler 's Peasants' Revolt , the castle and Archbishop's Palace were sacked, and Archbishop Sudbury
4510-420: The east of Canterbury, before the river reaches Fordwich , a former outport of Canterbury and the current tidal limit of the river. Beyond Fordwich, the river passes between several former gravel pits and through the reed beds of the Stodmarsh National Nature Reserve . Beyond the nature reserve lies the open farmland on the reclaimed marshes surrounding the river crossing at Grove Ferry Picnic Area , near
4592-406: The end of Palace Street, opposite Kings School is frequently photographed for its quirky, slanted appearance. Canterbury Roman Museum houses an in situ mosaic pavement dating from around 300 AD . Other surviving Roman structures in the city include Queningate, a blocked gate in the city wall, and the Dane John Mound , once part of a Roman cemetery . The Dane John Gardens were built beside
4674-429: The erstwhile Wantsum Channel , a strait used for hundreds of years until silting and land reclamation turned the sea channel into a large drainage ditch. At this point the third large tributary, the 8.4-mile (13.4 km) Sarre Penn (named locally as the "Fishbourne Stream") enters with the Wantsum Channel. Here the river turns southwards to the once-thriving port of Sandwich , after which it loops back on itself to
4756-553: The fifty seats on the Canterbury City Council , which governs the city. The former Holy Cross Church building was officially re-opened by the Prince of Wales as the new Canterbury Guildhall and meeting place of the City Council on 9 November 1978. The Member of Parliament for the Canterbury constituency, which includes Whitstable, is Rosie Duffield formerly of the Labour Party but now sits as an independent. Canterbury district retained approximately 4,761 businesses, up to 60,000 full and part-time employees and
4838-434: The first half of their evening. After an interval, the members sang catches and glees from the club's extensive music library which is now deposited at Canterbury Cathedral's archives. In the late 1960s and early 1970s the Canterbury Scene emerged comprising progressive rock , avant-garde and jazz musicians established within the city. Members included Soft Machine , Caravan , Matching Mole , Egg , Hatfield and
4920-461: The following year led to a Kent revolt against Parliamentarian forces, contributing to the start of the second phase of the war. However, Canterbury surrendered peacefully to Parliamentarians at the Battle of Maidstone . By 1770, the castle had fallen into disrepair, and many parts of it were demolished during the late 18th century and early 19th century. In 1787 all the gates in the city wall, except for Westgate —the city jail—were demolished as
5002-403: The hamlet of Upstreet . At the hamlet of Plucks Gutter , the second of the large tributaries enters the main river: the 18.9 miles (30.4 km) long Little Stour , which begins life as a spring stream in Bekesbourne . From here on, the river is normally known as the River Stour. The twin villages in the parish of Stourmouth (West and East) mark the original point where the Stour entered
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#17328441905785084-452: The mills survive today as house conversions, with two of them still working commercially. Both roads and railways make use of the river. The Watling Street link to Richborough ("Rutupiae") and their link from Canterbury southwards made use of the North Downs gap. The rail links from Canterbury to the Isle of Thanet and also to Ashford , and the main A28 road follow identical routes. The 51.5-mile (82.4 km) Stour Valley Walk follows
5166-465: The mound in the 18th century, and a memorial placed on the mound's summit. Westgate Towers is a museum narrating its earlier use as a jail . The medieval church of St Alphege is as of 2022 used by the King's School . The Old Synagogue , now the King's School Music Room, is one of only two Egyptian Revival synagogues still standing. The city centre contains many timber-framed 16th and 17th century houses but others were destroyed, particularly in
5248-517: The near future. Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC South East and ITV Meridian from the Dover TV transmitter. Composer Orlando Gibbons (1583–1625) died in Canterbury and is commemorated by a marble bust and memorial tablet in the cathedral. The grave of author Joseph Conrad , in Canterbury Cemetery, is a Grade II listed building . Other people connected with Canterbury include: River Stour, Kent The River Stour ( / ˈ s t aʊər / , rhymes with "hour" )
5330-512: The north before entering the Strait of Dover at Pegwell Bay . The Stonar Cut obviates the need for seagoing craft to take the longer route around the loop at Sandwich. From the tidal limit at Fordwich to the sea, the river is fringed with marshes . Most of them are located on what was the floor of the Wantsum Channel, whilst those to the south lie behind the sand dunes of the Sandwich Flats. These marshes are criss-crossed with drainage ditches. The principal marshes are those of Chislet , within
5412-422: The northwest, the Westgate survives as the Westgate Towers museum . Immediately outside the Westgate is the River Stour which crosses the city from southwest to northeast. A road runs straight across the city from the Westgate, forming the High Street (including St George's Street) and part of the North Downs Way. St Augustine's Abbey lies just outside the city walls. The city became a county borough under
5494-434: The present location in 1984. It was completely rebuilt in 2011 with a main 1,200-seat auditorium and secondary performance space. Its modern structure is a landmark across the city. The University of Kent 's Gulbenkian Theatre serves the city, and incorporates a cinema and café. Other theatrical performances take place at Canterbury Cathedral and St Augustine's Abbey . The oldest surviving theatre building in Canterbury
5576-453: The previous year. The two universities provided an even greater benefit. In 2014/2015, the University of Kent and Canterbury Christ Church University were worth £909m to city's economy and accounted for 16% of all jobs. Unemployment in the city dropped 0.6 percentage points to 1.7% from 2001 to 2007. The registered unemployment rate as of September 2011 stood at 5.7%. By May 2018, the rate had dropped to 1.8%; in fact, Kent in general had
5658-403: The river flows south east in a narrow valley parallel to the escarpment and the Greensand ridge to the south, before breaking through the ridge near Hothfield into a broad valley. Three small streams enter from the north, having their headwaters on the close to Downs escarpment. Flood defences can turn this valley into a large lake and an embankment has had to be built to prevent overflow into
5740-499: The river for much of its length. The Great Stour estuary at Plucks Gutter and Grove Ferry is renowned for its coarse fishing, particularly bream stocks. The lower-lying parts of Canterbury have in the past been particularly prone to flooding . The River Stour (Kent) Internal Drainage Board has the responsibility of reducing that risk in the river catchment area In 2006, male fish were found with signs of "feminisation" after having been exposed to treated sewage effluent in
5822-561: The river near Ashford. It was found that oestrogen enters the river when the nearby Bybrook sewage works discharges its end product. In 2009, Southern Water started work on a £4.2 million environmental improvement project at its Lenham treatment works to ensure wastewater is treated to higher standards. New reed beds, containing more than 7,500 reeds, will help clean up to 4.3 million litres of wastewater from more than 3,600 people each day. In 2017 The Marine Group based in Cardiff begun work with their water injection dredger on
5904-399: The scene as having "certain chord changes, in particular the use of minor second chords, certain harmonic combinations, and a great clarity in the aesthetics, and a way of improvising that is very different from what is done in jazz." There is debate about the existence and definition of the scene. Dave Stewart has complained at the nomenclature as he and many other musicians identified with
5986-456: The sincere desire to write catchy pop songs." "In the very best Canterbury music...the musically silly and the musically serious are juxtaposed in an amusing and endearing way." There is variation within the scene, for example from pop/rock like early Soft Machine and much Caravan to avant-garde composed pieces as with early National Health to improvised jazz as with later Soft Machine or In Cahoots . Didier Malherbe (of Gong ) has defined
6068-546: The smaller University for the Creative Arts , was almost 40,000. Canterbury is in east Kent, about 55 miles (89 km) east-southeast of London. The coastal towns of Herne Bay and Whitstable are 6 miles (10 km) to the north, and Faversham is 8 miles (13 km) to the northwest. The city is on the River Stour or Great Stour . The river is navigable on the tidal section to Fordwich, although above this point canoes and other small craft can be used. The geology of
6150-519: The two university's and broadcasting from studios at both. It replaced the student radio stations that served both university's being UKCR and C4 Radio respectively. In 2020 due to the COVID pandemic the station management decided to hand back the FM licence to OFCOM due to rising costs and has been broadcasting online since. There are plans for CSR to go on the recently awarded digital radio multiplex when it launches in
6232-505: The visit of King Charles II on his return from exile. Civic waits were ultimately abolished nationally by the Municipal Corporations Act of 1835 but a modern, early music group called The Canterbury Waits has revived the name. Canterbury's Catch Club was a musical and social club which met in the city between 1779 and 1865. Its male club members met weekly in the winter and employed an orchestra to assist in performances for
6314-534: Was beheaded in London. In 1413, Henry IV became the only sovereign to be buried at the cathedral. In 1448 Canterbury was granted a City Charter , which gave it a mayor and a high sheriff ; the city still has a Lord Mayor and Sheriff. In 1519 a public cage for talkative women and other wrongdoers was set up next to the town's pillory at the Bullstake, now the Buttermarket. In 1522 a stone cross with gilt lead stars
6396-413: Was constructed in stages outside the city walls to alleviate growing traffic problems in the city centre, which was later pedestrianised. The biggest expansion of the city occurred in the 1960s, with the arrival of the University of Kent at Canterbury and Christ Church College . The 1980s saw visits from Queen Elizabeth II , and the beginning of the annual Canterbury Festival . Between 1999 and 2005,
6478-720: Was erected at the same place, and painted with bice and gilded by Florence the painter. In the mid-16th century many Huguenots , experiencing persecution and conflict in the Low Countries , fled and resettled in Reformed regions such as England. Canterbury hosted the first congregation of so-called 'refugee strangers' in the country. This first Huguenot church in Canterbury was founded around 1548, in part by Jan Utenhove who relocated from Strasbourg , alongside Valérand Poullain and François de la Rivière . When Utenhove travelled to London in 1549, Francois de la Rivière remained to lead
6560-532: Was opened in 1830; bankrupt by 1844, it was purchased by the South Eastern Railway , which connected the city to its larger network in 1846. The London, Chatham & Dover Railway arrived in 1860; the competition and cost-cutting between the lines was resolved by merging them as the South Eastern & Chatham in 1899. Between 1830 and 1900, the city's population grew from 15,000 to 24,000. During
6642-485: Was regarded an "honorary member" of the Canterbury scene for having performed and recorded with some of the members, and being a "landlady" to many in her flat in Maida Vale , London. Canterbury Canterbury ( / ˈ k æ n t ər b ( ə ) r i / , /- b ɛ r i / ) is a city and UNESCO World Heritage Site , in the county of Kent , England; it was a county borough until 1974. It lies on
6724-413: Was worth £1.3 billion in 2001. This made the district the second largest economy in Kent. Today, the three primary sectors are tourism, higher education and retail. In 2015, the value of tourism to the city of Canterbury was over £450 million; 7.2 million people visited that year, making it one of the most-visited cities in England. A full 9,378 jobs were supported by tourism, an increase of 6% over
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