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67-671: Similar to the National Lacrosse League , and unlike other Canadian box lacrosse leagues that play in the summer, CLax played its regular season games in the winter with its playoff games and championship culminating in the early spring. CLax opened its inaugural season with six teams in three cities: Brampton Inferno and Peel Avengers in Brampton, Ontario ; the Iroquois Ironmen and Ohsweken Demons in Hagersville, Ontario ; and

134-401: A 15-minute half-time . At the start of the each quarter and after every goal, players "face-off" at the center of the field to determine who will get possession. This is done by the two players pushing the heads of their sticks together with the game ball in the middle. A scrum-like match usually happens when the players on either team try and win the ball. If a game is tied after regulation,

201-450: A loose ball but cannot enter it while in possession of the ball. Offensive players cannot enter the crease. At minor levels and some junior leagues this includes the crease's vertical plane, but at the Junior A, Major, and professional levels it is not uncommon for the player to be allowed to enter the vertical plane while shooting or retrieving a rebound as long as his feet or body do not touch

268-439: A massive evolution since the early days of the sport. Early goaltenders wore cricket pads made from thin but rigid padding and a thick cloth material. Eventually these evolved into a cross between cricket and baseball catcher 's leg guard. Like cricket, the irons covered high above the knee, while having an exoskeleton of molded plastic caps and shin plates to deflect shots and leave less or no bruising like in baseball. In

335-525: A total of 124,536 fans attended Eagle Pro Box Lacrosse League games in its first season. The same four teams played in the second season of the EPBLL. The teams expanded to an eight-game schedule, and set up a three-team playoff with the regular season winner claiming a bye to the title game. The New Jersey Saints became the second league champions by defeating the Washington Wave 17–16 before 8,125 fans at

402-564: Is a playing position in indoor or box lacrosse . More heavily armoured than a field lacrosse goaltender , since the invent of indoor lacrosse in 1931, the box lacrosse goalie has evolved into a much different position than its field lacrosse cousin. In Box Lacrosse , a goaltender is typically more heavily armoured than a field lacrosse goaltender. Box lacrosse goaltenders are known for their massive upper body gear, large shin guards known as "irons", and ice hockey -style helmets. There are three types of lacrosse sticks in use right now by

469-419: Is all about staying on angle with the shooter's stick, challenging the shooter by stepping towards him to limit the amount of net he can see, and using your size to your advantage in blocking the shot. Take away or give-and-take is where the goalie stays on the inside of the post on the same side of the shot of the shooter, giving him the opposite side intentionally. This gives the shooter a bad angle shot that

536-468: Is banned in the National Lacrosse League . NLL goaltenders generally use NCAA-head sticks. Although many goalies traditionally wear hockey gloves to protect their hands from high-velocity shots, many goalies have switched to a specialized gloves made specifically for box lacrosse. On the goalies free hand, there is potential for damage to the back of the hand, knuckles, and wrist from a hard shot. Lacrosse goalie gloves have an extra layer of padding on

603-443: Is legal in box lacrosse). If a goaltender leaves the crease with possession of the ball, opponents are allowed to cross-check the goaltender as long as there is no attempt to injure. Box lacrosse goalies play in front of a four by four foot net at most levels, unlike a field goalie who plays in front of a six by six net. At the National Lacrosse League , Major, and Junior A levels a net four feet tall and four foot nine inches wide

670-560: Is the NCAA -head stick. Much smaller and covers less space between the legs, the NCAA-head is much easier for ball control. The newest make of goal stick is the "carbon triangle". Similar materials to the NCAA-style stick, the carbon triangle is sized to mimic the coverage of a wooden stick but the lightness of the NCAA-style. This style is becoming very popular in the minor and junior levels, but

737-456: Is the standard field lacrosse helmet, the other is the ice hockey mask . Field masks have strongly reinforced face masks, thick like the bars on a football helmet and also offer a wider range of vision than a hockey mask. Field helmets do little to protect the throat region. Hockey mask padding can be formed to the users head for comfort. Are very easy to remove quickly and are molded especially for shock absorption. Also, despite cutting down

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804-408: Is used. Goaltending in box lacrosse tends to be more like goaltending in ice hockey than field lacrosse . The box goalie's stance is similar to an ice hockey goalie. The goalie crouched, but with his knees spread, not pinched like in ice hockey. Heels shoulder-width apart, toes generally pointed on an outward angle to allow for stepping into the shot. One hand sits on top of the thigh, holding

871-616: The Baltimore Thunder at the Washington Wave . The four teams contested a six-game regular season before a postseason that saw all four teams qualify for a single knockout tournament, which ended with the Baltimore Thunder being crowned as the EPBLL's first champion. Coached by Bob Griebe, the Baltimore Thunder defeated the Washington Wave by a score of 11–10 to capture the league's first championship. The league announced that

938-679: The Capital Centre . For the Wave, it was the second time in as many years they reached the championship game, only to lose a one-goal game. After the season, the league announced that the champion Saints would relocate to the Nassau Coliseum on Long Island and be called the New York Saints beginning in the 1989 season. Moreover, the league itself would be changing its name, adopting the more conventional Major Indoor Lacrosse League (MILL) name, as

1005-518: The Detroit Turbos after being drafted. The two brothers had won national championships with the Syracuse Orange in 1988, 1989, and 1990. In 1991, the season schedule increased from 8 to 10 games, with each team playing five games at home and five games on the road. In the first game of the regular season, the debut of Detroit rookie twin brothers Paul and Gary Gait was successful, as they paced

1072-661: The Durham TurfDogs and Oshawa Machine in Oshawa, Ontario . The league's original intentions were to feature eastern and western leagues. This plan was modified to have multiple Ontario teams and one Quebec location in the first year. The first three teams announced were franchises in Ohsweken, Peterborough, and Montreal. A Brampton Guardian article listed a team in London. Of the original three, only Oshweken wound up with an actual team in

1139-595: The New York Riptide will relocate to Ottawa, Canada, and rename themselves to the Ottawa Black Bears . An asterisk (*) denotes the franchise moved to its present location and has been in one or more previous locations in its history (see franchise timeline below or team pages for relocation history). The following lists franchises that are no longer active in the NLL. The rebirth of major professional box lacrosse in

1206-755: The Toronto Shooting Stars ; the Peel Avengers would relocate to St. Catharines and the city of Barrie would be awarded an expansion team. It was also announced that the Durham Turf Dogs would be changing their name to the Oshawa Turf Dogs. In November 2013, the defending champion Iroquois Ironmen announced that they were ceasing operations and would no longer compete in CLax. That was followed in December with

1273-617: The 1992 season. The team was named the Bandits . The league reverted to an eight-game schedule for the 1992 season, with four home games and four road games. The Blazers moved from Worcester to Boston and were rebranded as the Boston Blazers. The expansion Buffalo Bandits defeated the Philadelphia Wings 20–11 in their first ever sellout of 16,325 at Memorial Auditorium. It marked the second sellout in league history. The Bandits also defeated

1340-719: The 1995 season, the Rochester Knighthawks . The team would effectively replace the Turbos, who folded after their sixth season, keeping the league at six teams. The expansion Rochester Knighthawks won their inaugural game 12–8 against the New York Saints at the War Memorial. Philadelphia broke the league's attendance record when 17,380 fans watched the Wings defeat the Baltimore Thunder in the regular season finale. The 1995 season marked

1407-479: The 2000s and 2010s, the size rules for these pads were very much tested as a market emerged for new lacrosse goalie equipment. Irons grew in width until it was arguable that they were no longer designed to protect the shin, but largely to cover more net. Eventually there was a push back, the Canadian Lacrosse Association and its partners set limitations on shin guard wideness. Up until about 2005,

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1474-593: The 2012 season. With only three teams, the league decided two teams should operate in each announced location, leading to the creation of the Iroquois Ironmen, Peel Avengers, and Durham TurfDogs. Rodney Hill operated the two Oshweken teams, but the league owned the other clubs initially. The inaugural games took place January 7, 2012 starting in Ohsweken . The first game was an 18–11 win for the Brampton Inferno over

1541-466: The 2013 season was $ 19,135. The maximum salary for a franchise player is approximately $ 34,000. Most NLL players have full-time jobs off the floor, such as Buffalo's John Tavares , a high school teacher in Mississauga , Ontario . As of 2018, the NLL salary cap was $ 415,000, with Buffalo Business First reporter Paul Lane citing the following pay scale: Although eight of the fourteen teams are based in

1608-643: The Baltimore Thunder in front of a second sellout crowd, marking the first time a team sold out two games in the same season. The Bandits advanced to the league championship game by defeating the Detroit Turbos 19–16 to win the National Division crown. The Philadelphia Wings defeated the Saints 8–6 to capture the American Division Championship. Buffalo defeated Philadelphia 11–10 in overtime, marking

1675-792: The Bandits' new home, the Marine Midland Arena , in front of a new league record crowd of 18,595 fans. The Rochester Knighthawks, coached by Barry Powless, claimed their first MILL championship in front of the second largest crowd in MILL history, 18,055, also played at the Marine Midland Arena, defeating the Bandits 15–12. In 1997, the Major Indoor Lacrosse League was renamed the National Lacrosse League, and announced that

1742-488: The Buffalo Bandits a third consecutive championship by defeating the Bandits 26–15 in front of a sellout crowd of 16,284 at Memorial Auditorium. The win gave the Wings its third league championship, the most of any team. ESPN broadcast the game live from Buffalo, marking the first live telecast by ESPN of a league game. After the season, the league announced that Rochester, New York , would be awarded an expansion team for

1809-519: The League and the Players Association announced a three-year contract agreement and the league signed a six-year agreement with ESPN . The Pittsburgh Bulls folded after their fourth season, having never made the playoffs, bringing the league back to six teams going into 1994. ESPN2 's first Monday night broadcast featured the Detroit Turbos against the Baltimore Thunder. The Philadelphia Wings denied

1876-629: The Raiders moved to Toronto and were renamed the Toronto Rock . The Rock finished the season with a perfect home record, going a combined 8–0 (regular season and playoffs) after a 13–10 win over the Rochester Knighthawks in the championship game before a sellout crowd of 15,691 at Maple Leaf Gardens. The game was televised throughout Canada by CTV SportsNet, and in the United States on ESPN2. After

1943-807: The Thunder 14–12 to claim their first championship. The championship game was attended by 10,814 at the Baltimore Arena. Final league attendance numbers for the 1991 season reached 287,654. On 20 April 1991, the National Division All-Stars defeated the American Division All-Stars, 25–20, in the inaugural League All-Star Game at the Spectrum in Philadelphia. After the season, the league announced that Buffalo had been awarded an expansion team for

2010-798: The Toronto Rock 13–12 in front of a crowd of 13,772, the largest to attend the first home game of an expansion franchise. The Albany Attack hosted the Rock in the 2002 Final, with the Rock defeating the Attack by a score of 13–12 to capture their third title in four seasons. 9,289 fans watched the game at the Pepsi Arena in Albany. Toronto forward Colin Doyle was voted Championship Game MVP, scoring three goals and one assist. Goaltender (box lacrosse) The goaltender or goalie

2077-489: The Turbos to a 20–16 victory over the Baltimore Thunder. 1991 was a record-breaking year, especially in Detroit. The Gaits set new standards in most offensive categories. Paul scored a record 47 goals, while Gary was second in the league with 32. Gary established new records with 36 assists and 68 points. As a team, Detroit set records for goals scored with 184, assists with 227, and total points with 411. The Turbos went on to defeat

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2144-405: The U.S., less than 7% of players are American. Approximately 83% are Canadian and 10% are Haudenosaunee , from either Canada or the U.S. Beginning with the 2024 NLL season , the league eliminated its East and West Conferences that existed during the 2023 NLL season and all teams play in a single division with every team playing every other team at least once. Beginning in the 2025 Season,

2211-692: The United States and six in Canada. The NLL ranks third in average attendance for pro indoor sports worldwide, behind only the NHL and NBA . Unlike other box lacrosse leagues, which play in the summer, the NLL plays its games in the winter and spring, from December to June. Each year, the playoff teams battle for the National Lacrosse League Cup . The NLL has averaged between 8,900 and 10,700 spectators per game each year since 2004. The NLL plays four 15-minute quarters with 2-minute breaks between quarters and

2278-491: The United States came on March 13, 1986, with the formation of the Eagle Pro Box Lacrosse League (EPBLL), which was incorporated by Russ Cline and Chris Fritz . The "Eagle League" moniker was inspired by a meeting with Iroquois leaders, whose culture views the animal as a tutelary spirit . Previously, in 1985, box lacrosse sponsored an event played at the Spectrum in Philadelphia. The USA/Canada Superseries

2345-514: The Washington Wave, who closed operations after three seasons. In 1990, each of the six teams played an eight-game schedule. Near of the end of the season, the New York Saints defeated the Philadelphia Wings 8–5 before the first sellout and the largest crowd in league history: 17,177 at the Spectrum in Philadelphia . The Saints' victory forced a playoff rematch the following week. However,

2412-542: The Wings won that game and later went on to become the first team to win a second league championship, defeating the New England Blazers 17–7 in front of 11,479 fans for their second consecutive title. The league announced that attendance for 26 total games during the season was 287,585, increasing the average attendance per game to 11,060. After the season, the MILL announced the signing of twin brothers Paul Gait and Gary Gait , 3-time All-Americans at Syracuse , to

2479-608: The ball in time, they lose possession. However, if the offense shoots on goal and then retrieves the ball, the shot clock is restarted. Fighting is a 5-minute major penalty and does not result in an automatic ejection. Each team in the NLL plays eighteen games during the regular season, nine each at home and away. The league has one standings table for its 14 teams. NLL games are typically played on Fridays, Saturdays, and Sundays while some weekends see teams play twice. The regular season begins in December and ends in April. Starting in 2018,

2546-419: The crease paint on the floor. Such a play is called a "crease dive". Occasionally, a box lacrosse goaltender will run up and join the play in the offensive zone on a slow whistle or delayed penalty, but the goaltender is usually pulled and substituted with a field player. Goaltenders in box lacrosse are known to sometimes score goals for their team, in power play or slow whistle situations. Also, due to

2613-692: The distribution and price of lacrosse style upper pads were extremely inhibitive. Until then, goaltenders generally engaged in "building up". Building up was a common practice, a goalie would buy a set of hockey uppers and add to them. Hockey uppers generally do not have enough padding to protect from downward shots or from up-bounces from bounce shots, so materials and other pieces of equipment were often added to protect from these, including: Football lineman shoulder pads, hockey shoulder pads, kidney guards, baseball belly guards, sectioned PVC piping (also used in old lacrosse slash guards), and thick cuts of foam. These augmentations were added not only to increase

2680-515: The final MILL game to be played in their historic home arena. However, the Buffalo Bandits played spoiler to the Wings and denied them a third consecutive title, defeating Philadelphia 15–10 in the championship game in front of a sold-out Memorial Auditorium in Buffalo. The Bandits picked up their third championship, and said goodbye to their own arena at the end of the season. The 11th season opened with three games, including Rochester playing Buffalo at

2747-428: The first time an expansion team won the league title. Buffalo won their second consecutive championship with a 13–12 comeback victory over the Philadelphia Wings before 16,325 in the sold-out Memorial Auditorium. The Bandits kept their 18-game winning streak alive, the longest in professional sports at the time. Buffalo joined the Wings as the only team in league history to win back-to-back championships. Business-wise,

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2814-515: The first time that Paul and Gary Gait played on different teams, with the former playing for Rochester and the latter for Philadelphia. The Philadelphia Wings won a second-consecutive and fourth overall championship by defeating the Knighthawks 15–14 in overtime. After the season the league another expansion team, the Charlotte Cobras , who would play out of Charlotte, North Carolina. For 1996,

2881-422: The game 14–8 in front of a new record NLL crowd. The Toronto Rock won their second consecutive championship when Kaleb Toth beat Knighthawks goaltender Pat O'Toole with 1.1 seconds remaining in regulation time of the title match to give the Rock a 14–13 victory. Considered to be among the best lacrosse games ever played, the 2000 Final was the last sporting event to be held in the historic Maple Leaf Gardens. After

2948-401: The goal stick in a position to cover the five-hole (the area between the legs) and the other hand is resting or propped out in the vicinity between the waistline and the outside of the upper thigh. The elbow is propped out, ready to swing out towards a high shot. The two main styles of box lacrosse goaltending are "playing the stick" and "take away". The playing the stick or positional style

3015-446: The goalie is trying to force him to take. When the player shoots, the goalie quickly steps across and covers the other side of the net and blocks the shot. This style can be highly effective but can fall victim to fake shots. Top goaltenders from modern NLL. Top OLA and NLL (1974–75) goaltenders before modern NLL was founded. These goaltenders listed have either won top honours in their top tier league or have led their team to

3082-579: The hometown Iroquois Ironmen . In the second game, the Peel Avengers defeated the Durham TurfDogs 16–9. To conclude the opening day of league play, the Oshawa Machine played the Ohsweken Demons , losing 13–9. It was announced on October 3, 2012 that the league would be expanding to three new markets: Barrie , Toronto , and St. Catharines . The Oshawa Machine would be moving to Toronto to become

3149-470: The league announced that the playoffs would be expanded to eight teams to accommodate expansion. Beginning with the 2024 season , the playoffs feature the top 8 teams in the standings. The first round is single-elimination, and the Conference Finals and Championship rounds are best-of-three. The NLL adopted a soft salary cap of US$ 400,000 per team for the 2013 season. The average base salary as of

3216-761: The league from nine to thirteen teams, more than three times the number of teams that played the inaugural season in 1987. The expansion teams were the Montreal Express , the New Jersey Storm , the Calgary Roughnecks , and the Vancouver Ravens . With thirteen teams, the league established a divisional format with Eastern, Central, and Northern divisions. The Vancouver Ravens played their inaugural home game at General Motors Place in Vancouver. The Ravens defeated

3283-480: The league schedule expanded to 10 games. A crowd of 16,818, the fourth largest in league history, watched the Wings defeat the Charlotte Cobras at CoreStates Spectrum in Philadelphia. The Cobras went on to post the first winless season in league history, and subsequently folded after only one year of play. The Wings advanced to their fifth consecutive league championship game by defeating the Boston Blazers 10–8 in

3350-467: The league's largest crowd in history, the Philadelphia Wings won their sixth league championship with a 9–8 win over the Toronto Rock at the Air Canada Centre in front of 19,409 fans. Wings goaltender Dallas Eliuk was named Most Valuable Player. The league announced a major expansion after the season, awarding new franchises to Montreal, New Jersey, Calgary, and Vancouver for the 2002. This would take

3417-410: The modern box lacrosse goaltender. Traditional wooden sticks that are made from the bending of long strips of wood and pockets woven with leather and string. This variation goes back to the roots of the game and is still popular with goaltenders at the amateur levels (senior, junior, and minor) but is cost-inhibitive with new sticks ranging in price from $ 250–400 CAD. Another long-used goal stick type

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3484-607: The news of 2013 finalists, Toronto Shooting Stars also folding. The Brampton Inferno would become a touring team based out of Southwestern Ontario called the SouthWest Cyclops for 2014. Season Champion Finalist Score Game MVP National Lacrosse League The National Lacrosse League ( NLL ) is a men's professional box lacrosse league in North America. The league is headquartered in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania. The NLL currently has fourteen teams: eight in

3551-431: The outside of the glove to deflect damaging shots. This extra padding is on both gloves and serves to also protect the inner wrist of the stick-hand, which is often exposed in the crouch position when wearing hockey gloves as a lacrosse goalie. At the same time, lacrosse goalie gloves are required to give the goalie wrist mobility for when he must handle the ball. Box goalies wear two different types of helmets. One type

3618-416: The range of vision of the user, actively protects the throat area from straight on shots. In recent years, baseball catcher -style masks have been offered as a medium between the two helmet types. At the minor level, most goalies have to wear throat guards or "cow catchers" that attach to the helmet to provide additional coverage for the throat and neck area. Lacrosse leg guards or "irons" have taken

3685-425: The regular season. In addition, the playoff format saw a best-of-three championship series with semifinal playoff action still taking place in a single-game elimination format, though sites of all post-season games were based on regular season record. A blockbuster trade saw seven-time All-Pro Paul Gait go to the expansion Syracuse Smash in exchange for draft picks and player compensation. Reigning league MVP Gary Gait

3752-688: The schedule would be expanded from 10 to 12 games. In addition, the league welcomed two new expansion teams, the Syracuse Smash , based in Syracuse, New York, and the Ontario Raiders , based in Hamilton, Ontario, while the Boston Blazers folded after nine seasons. John Livsey Jr. was named as the first Commissioner of the NLL. The 1998 regular season schedule included six home and six road games for each team, with each team facing their six opponents twice during

3819-410: The season, it was announced that the charter franchise Baltimore Thunder would move to Pittsburgh and become the Pittsburgh CrosseFire . In addition, the Albany Attack , based in Albany, New York, joined the NLL as an expansion team, bringing the league to eight teams ahead of the 2000 season for the first time. 18,911 fans watched the Philadelphia Wings battle the Pittsburgh CrosseFire. Pittsburgh won

3886-513: The season, the league expanded again, with former Commissioner John Livsey leading the establishment of the Columbus Landsharks in Columbus, Ohio. In addition, the Smash relocated north of the border and became the Ottawa Rebel , after three straight last place finishes, while the CrosseFire moved to Washington, D.C., and became the Washington Power . Jim Jennings was named the new Commissioner and announced that league headquarters would be relocated from Buffalo to Lyndhurst, New Jersey. In front of

3953-462: The shoulders at any point by three inches and four inches on the arms. For pants, the box goalie generally wears hockey goalie pants or a specially modified version of hockey pants with airflow in mind. The box lacrosse goaltender is allowed to play in any area of the playing surface and is not confined to any zone. Despite this, the box goaltender has a crease, around the entire net, all to himself. Defensive players can enter this area to pick up

4020-399: The six teams played an eight-game schedule in 1989, with an even four home and road games. In its first ever regular season game, 12,171 fans watched the expansion Turbos defeat the Washington Wave 11–9 in Detroit to start 1989 season. As the season went on, regular season attendance figures for the league totaled at 230,724 for 24 regular season games, which made an average of 9,614 people in

4087-407: The spiritual implications of its original name proved too cryptic for most people to understand. The MILL announced that it awarded expansion teams to Detroit and Boston, to begin play in the 1989 season. The Detroit team was named the Turbos , and played at Joe Louis Arena ; the Boston entry was called the New England Blazers and they played their home games at the Worcester Centrum . Each of

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4154-432: The stands per game. When adding the postseason, the numbers grew to 255,088 total and an average of 9,811 a game. The Philadelphia Wings captured the league championship in front of a record postseason crowd of 16,042 at the Spectrum, defeating the New York Saints 11–10. After the championship game, the league announced expansion into Pittsburgh, with a team called the Pittsburgh Bulls . The new team effectively replaced

4221-411: The two teams play sudden death overtime . Each team may take a 45-second timeout per half. Each team dresses 19 players: 2 goaltenders and 17 "runners". NLL goals are 4'9" wide and 4' tall. The NLL uses a 30-second shot clock , which is similar to a professional or collegiate basketball shot clock. The clock starts its countdown once one team gets possession of the ball. If the offense does not shoot

4288-418: The unique lack of offside rules in box lacrosse, it is not unheard of to see a goaltender lead his team in scoring on game sheets through multiple assists , usually through long passes to teammates that are attempting to breakaway on unsuspecting defenders. Box lacrosse goaltenders are also encouraged to be aggressive stick checkers around the ball and ferocious cross-checkers when needed (cross-checking

4355-407: The upper body size of the goalie, but to increase their safety, comfort, but had to still maintain mobility. Since about 2005, the Canadian Lacrosse Association has mandated one-piece unmodified chest protectors for all of its goalies. Because of the price, the team or the minor lacrosse organization often flips the bill for this costly piece of equipment. A legal upper should only stand out from

4422-400: Was an eight-game series seen as a precursor to the new league. Darrell Russell was named Commissioner of the league, which had four teams based in Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, D.C., and East Rutherford, New Jersey. The EPBLL opened play for the 1987 season with two games on 10 January 1987: the Philadelphia Wings at the New Jersey Saints (Philadelphia defeated New Jersey 11–8) and

4489-400: Was sent to Baltimore in a blockbuster trade involving player and cash compensation. The Philadelphia Wings swept the best-of-three Championship Series with 16–12 and 17–12 victories. The second game marked the first title game appearance by Baltimore since 1991, and the win was Philadelphia's fifth in franchise history. Wings goaltender Dallas Eliuk was named Championship Series MVP. In 1999,

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