49-588: Cambridge Bay ( Inuinnaqtun : Iqaluktuuttiaq Inuktitut : ᐃᖃᓗᒃᑑᑦᑎᐊᖅ ; 2021 population 1,760; population centre 1,403) is a hamlet located on Victoria Island in the Kitikmeot Region of Nunavut , Canada. It is the largest settlement on Victoria Island. Cambridge Bay is named for Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge , while the traditional Inuinnaqtun name for the area is Ikaluktutiak (old orthography ) or Iqaluktuuttiaq (new orthography) meaning "good fishing place". The traditional language of
98-612: A Northern Store which includes a Quick Stop, selling KFC and Pizza Hut products, the Ikaluktutiak Co-operative, part of the Arctic Co-operatives Limited , a branch of the Royal Bank of Canada and a stand-alone Canada Post postal service. Other community businesses include Jago Services, plumbing and electrical, Qillaq operates construction services, mechanics shop, heating fuel and gasoline sales as well as
147-437: A land area of 195.78 km (75.59 sq mi), it had a population density of 9.0/km (23.3/sq mi) in 2021. The median age of the population in 2021 was 30.4 and 76.1% of the people were over 15. Both of these figures are slightly higher than the numbers for Nunavut as a whole (25.6 and 67.5%). In 2021, 82.4% (Nunavut: 85.2%) of the population were listed as Indigenous and 17.6% (Nunavut: 14.8%) as non-Aboriginal. Of
196-462: A proper interpreter, he might have sent a sledge party east and found some of Franklin's men, if they were still alive. He returned through Bering Strait and around the Cape of Good Hope. At the cape (January 1855) he learned of John Rae 's report that Franklin had been lost just to the east of where he had turned back. Collinson's reputation is lower than it perhaps should be. The problems are that McClure
245-478: A service garage. Kalgen's operates the Dis & Dat Convenience Store and a separate Dis & Dat Hardware Division (formerly Kitikmeot Supplies), a hardware store. Kalvik Enterprises and Nanook Woodworking, both construction companies and Inukshuk Enterprises, a general contractor, who also operate a service garage and a convenience store. The Canadian High Arctic Research Station also provides some local employment. There
294-487: Is a modern health centre, the Kitikmeot Regional Health Centre, in the community that opened in 2005. It provides facilities that were previously unavailable in the region, however certain procedures still require a trip to Yellowknife or Edmonton . In 2010 the birthing centre was opened in the same building and included local midwives. In 2017, the long term residential care unit was opened upstairs at
343-499: Is continuously below the horizon, polar night , from approximately 30 November to 11 January and above the horizon, midnight sun , 19 May to 22 July. Inuinnaqtun Inuinnaqtun (Inuinnaqtun: ᐃᓄᐃᓐᓇᖅᑐᓐ , IPA: [inuinːɑqtun] ; natively meaning 'like the real human beings/peoples'), is an Inuit language . It is spoken in the central Canadian Arctic . It is related very closely to Inuktitut , and some scholars, such as Richard Condon , believe that Inuinnaqtun
392-467: Is more appropriately classified as a dialect of Inuktitut. The government of Nunavut recognises Inuinnaqtun as an official language in addition to Inuktitut, and together sometimes referred to as Inuktut . It is spoken in the Northwest Territories as well and is recognised as an official language of the territory in addition to Inuvialuktun and Inuktitut. Inuinnaqtun is used primarily in
441-509: Is stated: To be a world-class research station in Canada's Arctic that is on the cutting edge of Arctic issues. The Station will anchor a strong research presence in Canada's Arctic that serves Canada and the world. It will advance Canada's knowledge of the Arctic in order to improve economic opportunities, environmental stewardship, and the quality of life of Northerners and all Canadians. Cambridge Bay
490-530: Is the short section of the river known as Iqaluktuuq . About 37 km (23 mi) west of the community lie the Finlayson Islands which were surveyed by Sir Richard Collinson on board HMS Enterprise during his search for the lost expedition of Sir John Franklin . The area was a traditional hunting and fishing location and archaeological sites are often found. The barren-ground caribou , muskox , Arctic char , lake trout and ringed seal were
539-600: The Government of Canada claims are Canadian Internal Waters , while other nations state they are either territorial waters or international waters . The first known people to occupy the area were the Pre-Dorset people, somewhere around 1800 BCE, about 4,000 years ago, and were seal and caribou hunters. The next group to enter the area were a Paleo-Eskimo peoples known as the Dorset , who arrived approximately 500 CE. They were
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#1732852235948588-472: The Northwest Passage aboard St. Roch in 1941. Cambridge Bay was the site of Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) and Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) outposts established during the 1920s. Although at this point most Inuit would have continued the traditional lifestyle, and only visited the area rather than live there permanently. The HBC opened a post here in 1921, later than in most places, and built at
637-771: The Phlegethon off Chapoo in eastern China, causing a "sensation". On 1 April 1842, the British Plenipotentiary of Trade Henry Pottinger reported that Collinson, as commander of the Nemesis based in Chusan , had contributed to a successful skirmish with Chinese troops on the island of Taisam near Ningbo in February of that year. As commander of HMS Plover , and with the aid of Lt Henry Kellett in HMS Starling , he surveyed
686-448: The Arctic coast. In 1930 the ship sank and, although some material was removed at the time, the ship remained visible for 86 years. A Norwegian plan to salvage the ship and return it to Norway, though initially denied an export permit, was granted on appeal, and was to be carried out in 2014 but was delayed to 2015 due to ice conditions preventing the arrival of salvage equipment until late in the open water season. The planned salvage of 2015
735-658: The Cambridge Bay area were the Ekalluktogmiut (Iqaluktuurmiutat or Ikaluktuurmiut), Ahiagmiut (Ahiarmiut), the Killinirmuit and the Umingmuktogmiut . The first Europeans to reach Cambridge Bay were overland Arctic explorers led by Thomas Simpson in 1839; they were searching for the Northwest Passage and had crossed the sea ice on foot. Another overland expedition led by John Rae reached Cambridge Bay in 1851, and
784-573: The China coast from 1842 to 1846, producing charts upon which all successors were based. The three expeditions sent in 1848 to locate Sir John Franklin and Franklin's lost expedition in search of the Northwest Passage all failed. In 1850 Collinson was instructed to look for him in the Canadian Arctic by sailing eastward from the Bering Strait and Alaska, while Horatio Austin and others would use
833-714: The Hamlet. Cambridge Bay is served by two CBC Radio One rebroadcasters to allow residents to hear Inuvialuktun language programming, which is the language spoken in Cambridge Bay, that is aired in the afternoons by CHAK . Cable television is available from the local Co-op and satellite television from either Shaw Direct or Bell Satellite TV . Although Cambridge Bay lies on the Northwest Passage, there are no passenger ships other than tourist cruises. Lines include NEAS (from Nunavut and Nunavik) and Nunavut Sealink and Supply , Arctic Co-operatives Limited , Desgagnes Transarctik ,
882-914: The Kitikmeot Regional Health Centre. There is a RCMP detachment in Cambridge Bay and the Kitikmeot Law Centre has its offices in the community. The hotels include the Umingmak Lodge Bed and Breakfast, the Arctic Islands Lodge, run by the Co-op and the Green Row operated by Inukshuk Enterprises. Phone service is provided by Northwestel , a division of BCE Inc. and, with their companion Bell Mobility , also handle cell phone coverage. Buildings in Cambridge Bay, like in most Nunavut communities, have water and sewage tanks that require regular services by truck. These services along with garbage pick-up are done by
931-705: The Lands and Resources Department of Nunavut Tunngavik Incorporated . There are three churches in Cambridge Bay: St. George's Anglican Church, which is part of the Diocese of Arctic , Our Lady of the Arctic Roman Catholic Church , which is part of the Diocese of Mackenzie-Fort Smith , and the Glad Tidings Pentecostal Church. There are several businesses in the community and these include
980-714: The Qikiqtaaluk Corporation, Sakku Investments Corporation and the Kitikmeot Corporation. provide annual sealift to the community. The only passenger services are through the Cambridge Bay Airport , from which daily air service to Yellowknife and other Kitikmeot Region communities are offered by Canadian North . Charter and MEDIVAC ( air ambulance ) services are provided by Keewatin Air . Former MEDIVAC operator Adlair Aviation still operates charters in
1029-482: The RCMP said was deliberate. A Distant Early Warning Line site was established in 1955 and about 200 Inuit were hired to help in the construction. The military presence and the services and economy this represented acted as a magnet for Inuit who had previously used the area as a temporary site for meeting, hunting, fishing and trade, and a permanent community was soon established across the bay in its current location. Unlike
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#17328522359481078-556: The area is Inuinnaqtun and is written using the Latin alphabet rather than the syllabics of the Inuktitut writing system. Like Kugluktuk , Bathurst Inlet and Umingmaktok , syllabics are rarely seen and used mainly by the Government of Nunavut . Cambridge Bay is the largest stop for passenger and research vessels traversing the Arctic Ocean 's Northwest Passage , a disputed area which
1127-532: The area. The tower was demolished 5 August 2014. In 1954 construction was completed on the Roman Catholic Church. The church, Cambridge Bay's first, was constructed from local material using seal oil and sand as mortar , and was used for services until the 1960s. On 27 April 2006, a large portion of the church, which had been designated a heritage site by the Hamlet Council, was destroyed by a fire which
1176-584: The communities of Cambridge Bay , Kugluktuk and Gjoa Haven in the Kitikmeot Region of Nunavut. Outside Nunavut, it is spoken in the hamlet of Ulukhaktok , where it is also known as Kangiryuarmiutun , forming a part of Inuvialuktun. It is written using the Roman orthography except in Gjoa Haven, where Inuit syllabics are used (as for Natsilingmiutut ). Richard Collinson Admiral Sir Richard Collinson KCB (7 November 1811 – 13 September 1883)
1225-518: The continuing research and operations $ 26.5 million per year, beginning in 2018–19, would be made available. It is expected that the station will provide 35 to 50 jobs. These jobs, which will be full-time, part-time and seasonal, will start in 2017 and run the Science and Technology Program as well as provide the day-to-day operations of the station. In addition it is expected that 150 jobs will be created during construction for local and other people throughout
1274-702: The first known people to have fished for the Arctic char . The last of the Paleo-Eskimo people, who appeared here about 800 CE, were the Tuniit , and evidence of their living quarters can be seen close to Cambridge Bay. The Tuniit, who were known to the Inuit as giants, were taller and stronger than the Inuit, but were easily scared off. The next group to arrive were the Thule people , ancestors of
1323-511: The first person to traverse the Northwest Passage ). When Collinson reached the Bering Strait and learned that McClure was ahead of him he turned back and spent the winter in Hong Kong. He returned to Bering Strait in mid-July 1851 and sailed east along the coast. On 29 August he was off the coast of Banks Island and saw an open strait tending northeast. This was the Prince of Wales Strait . He entered
1372-456: The first ship to reach the bay was HMS Enterprise under Richard Collinson who wintered there in 1852/53. Both Rae and Collinson were searching for Franklin's lost expedition . Collinson's ship came from the west, having entered the Canadian Arctic via the Bering Strait . This was the furthest east any large ship travelled from the Bering Strait until Henry Larsen 's west–east sailing of
1421-773: The high school. The community is also the regional centre for the Kitikmeot Campus of Nunavut Arctic College who oversee the Cambridge Bay Community Learning Centre. Courses range from Adult Basic Education to the Nunavut Teacher Education Program (NTEP), which, in partnership with the University of Regina , is able to offer a Bachelor of Education . The Kitikmeot Inuit Association , Nunavut Impact Review Board , and Nunavut Planning Commission have offices in Cambridge Bay, as well as
1470-454: The ice in winter and returned to the land in spring. They were also known to make use of inukhuk and built igluit . Although they had no collective name, the various groups of Inuit that made use of native copper for tools have since become known as Copper Inuit and are the same people that Vilhjalmur Stefansson called the Blond Eskimos . The main groups that lived or interacted in
1519-400: The island. He went a little further southeast and chose winter quarters at Minto Inlet . Here he found another message left by one of McClure's sledging parties. In the spring of 1852 he sent a sledge party north to Melville Island where they found tracks from an unknown traveller (these were McClure's men who were frozen in to the west.) On 5 August he was freed from the ice and went along
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1568-575: The majority of the DEW Line radar sites which were abandoned or automated, this site which changed in 1989, known as CAM-MAIN, remains a manned operation, with about 18 people, as part of the North Warning System . Originally part of the Fort Smith Region, Northwest Territories , Cambridge Bay became the administrative centre for the Kitikmeot Region, Northwest Territories , and remained so for
1617-578: The modern Inuit, who arrived in the area around 1250 CE from present day Alaska . The Thule people built food caches and stone houses in the area and were noted for their sophisticated tools. Although there is no positive evidence it is suspected that the Thule may have interacted with the Tuniit. About 500 years ago, around 1500 CE, the modern Inuit made an appearance. Like the Thule they made use of caches, hunted caribou and fished for char. They also hunted seal from
1666-408: The new Kitikmeot Region after the 1999 division of the Northwest Territories . In 1982 a division plebiscite was held. Although about 80% of the population then living in what is now Nunavut voted in favour of division, Cambridge Bay was one of only two communities to vote against division. Kugluktuk , then called Coppermine, was the other. Situated between Dease Strait and Queen Maud Gulf on
1715-536: The normal route westward through the Parry Channel . Collinson was given HMS Enterprise and was to be accompanied by Commander Robert McClure commanding HMS Investigator . They left Plymouth in January 1850. After becoming separated off the coast of Chile the two ships became independent. (McClure got to the Bering Strait first and was frozen in on Banks Island . When he was rescued and taken to England he became
1764-486: The north. However, some of these jobs will require the hiring of specialised people from southern locales. Construction began in August 2014 and opened on August 21, 2019. Construction costed $ 250 million. Several educational services are available, including daycare, preschool, Kullik Ilihakvik (elementary school) named for the traditional stone lamp the qulliq , Killinik High School, and a public library and museum located in
1813-412: The primary prey, and remain important food sources. Situated east of Cambridge Bay is Ovayok Territorial Park , which includes the large esker known as Uvayuq , formerly Ovayok or Mount Pelly. In the 2021 Canadian census conducted by Statistics Canada , Cambridge Bay had a population of 1,760 living in 571 of its 701 total private dwellings, a change of -0.3% from its 2016 population of 1,766. With
1862-590: The region. In the summer floatplane charters are provided by DAL Aviation from the Cambridge Bay Water Aerodrome . In 2012, the roads of Cambridge Bay were imaged for Google Street View by a tricycle fitted with a camera system. While Cambridge Bay had no cars at the time (only snowmobiles, ATVs, SUVs, buses and trucks), Google responded to a proposal by Cambridge Bay resident Chris Kalluk to include Arctic communities in Street View in order to educate
1911-557: The rest of the world. Through Google Street View, one can even enter the indoor swimming pool and have a look around. Cambridge Bay has a polar climate , no month having an average temperature of 10 °C (50 °F) or higher, and is listed as ET on the Köppen climate classification . It has never recorded a temperature above freezing between 31 October and 19 April. Summers are typically cool and rainy, with pleasant days and chilly nights. Winters are cold, dark, and long, with October being
1960-504: The site now called the "old town". In 1925 the HBC purchased the historic ship Maud , which they renamed the Baymaud , from the creditors of Norwegian explorer, Roald Amundsen . The ship sailed to the Arctic in 1926 but it became stuck in the winter ice at Cambridge Bay. The Maud was later anchored near the shore and used for various purposes, including the first ever radio weather reports from
2009-588: The snowiest month. Snowfall and frosts are possible all year round, though rare during July. Rainfall is usually limited to the summer months of June to September, when the temperature rises above freezing for a few months before dipping back down for another nine months of winter. Average high temperatures reach freezing around June 1 and drop below freezing around September 24. Springs are typically sunny but still very chilly. Autumns are short and crisp, with more frequent cloud cover starting to appear during August and with September being almost constantly cloudy. The sun
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2058-500: The south coast of Victoria Island into the Coronation Gulf , the easternmost point reached by a ship from the Bering Strait. He wintered at Cambridge Bay on the southeast coast of Victoria Island. In the spring of 1853 he led a sledge party to the easternmost point on the island (Point Pelly). A little later some Inuit drew them a map of the area to the east. On the map was a ship. If Collinson had not disregarded this, or had had
2107-616: The southeast coast of Victoria Island ( Kitlineq ), part of the Arctic Archipelago , Cambridge Bay is a transportation and administrative centre for the Kitikmeot Region. To the north of the community is Tahiryuaq (also spelt Tahikyoak and formerly Ferguson Lake) which flows into Wellington Bay via the Ekalluk River . The Ekalluk River is both an important commercial fishing and archaeological area, and of particular importance
2156-448: The strait thinking that he might have found the northwest passage, but after a while he saw a flagpole on a hill. Under the flagstaff was a message saying that McClure had wintered here the previous year. Collinson pushed on a little beyond McClure's maximum before he was blocked by ice. Returning south he found another message saying that McClure had passed that point only 18 days before but it did not mention McClure's plan to circumnavigate
2205-528: The total population 79.5% (Nunavut: 83.7%) were Inuit , 0.9% (Nunavut: 0.3%) Métis and 0.6% (Nunavut: 0.5%) First Nations . Cambridge Bay is the location of the Canadian High Arctic Research Station (CHARS) campus as announced by Prime Minister Stephen Harper on 24 August 2010. This multidisciplinary station is operated year-round by Polar Knowledge Canada , a federal agency. It is a keystone of Canada's Northern Strategy. Its mandate
2254-631: Was also delayed, however during the summer of 2016 the Maud was raised and prepared for return to Norway during the summer of 2017, where she will be displayed at a museum in Vollen , Asker . In 1947 following World War II the Cambridge Bay LORAN Tower was built near the previous location of Cambridge Bay. The construction of the LORAN tower involved hiring Inuit who, after the tower was complete, remained in
2303-581: Was always there first, and Collinson's constant quarrels with his officers and bad luck. Roald Amundsen praised him for navigating a large ship through waters that were difficult for Amundsen's small ship, Gjøa . Collinson's account of the voyage was published six years after his death by his brother, Thomas Bernard Collinson . He was awarded the Founder's Medal by the Royal Geographical Society in 1858, knighted in 1875, and made an admiral on
2352-577: Was an English naval officer and explorer of the Northwest Passage . He was born in Gateshead , Tyne and Wear, England, then part of County Durham . He joined the Royal Navy in 1823 at age twelve and rose in the ranks, becoming a lieutenant in 1835, commander in 1841, and captain in 1842. Collinson was in command of the Lady Bentinck , a vessel of 1800 tons burden and 520 horsepower, when it appeared with
2401-589: Was chosen after a feasibility study that also included Pond Inlet and Resolute as potential locations. Prime Minister Harper announced that, starting in 2012, the Government of Canada would spend $ 142.4 million over a six-year period to build, equip and provision the station. Additionally, again starting in 2012 and spread over six years, the government would provide $ 46.2 million for the CHARS Science and Technology Program. The prime minister stated that to provide for
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