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Census in Canada

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Statistics Canada conducts a national census of population and census of agriculture every five years and releases the data with a two-year lag.

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80-488: The Census of Population provides demographic and statistical data that is used to plan public services such as health care, education, and transportation; determine federal transfer payments ; and determine the number of Members of Parliament for each province and territory . The Census of Population is the primary source of sociodemographic data for specific population groups, such as lone-parent families, Indigenous peoples, immigrants, seniors and language groups. Data from

160-634: A 23-page code of conduct for employees effective January 2013, which "spells out values, potential conflicts of interest and expected behaviours", has been criticized by the Association of Canadian Archivists and the Canadian Association of University Teachers among others. The code describes personal activities including teaching and speaking at or attending conferences as "high risk" activities "with regard to conflict of interest, conflict of duties and duty of loyalty" and participation in such activities

240-648: A census cannot be conducted more regularly—such as every 5 years, as is now required of Statistics Canada by the Statistics Act . The first national census of Canada was taken in 1871, as required by section 8 of the then British North America Act, 1867 (now the Constitution Act, 1867 ). Parliament implemented the requirements of the constitution through the Census Act of May 12, 1870. All inhabitants of Canada were surveyed, including Indigenous peoples. While this

320-489: A country-wide census that collects demographic data every five years on the first and sixth year of each decade. The 2021 Canadian census enumerated a total population of 36,991,981, an increase of around 5.2 percent over the 2016 figure. It is estimated that Canada's population surpassed 40 million in 2023 and 41 million in 2024. Between 1990 and 2008, the population increased by 5.6 million, equivalent to 20.4 percent overall growth. The main driver of population growth

400-447: A lesser extent, family reunification . In 2021, a total of 405,330 immigrants were admitted to Canada. New immigrants settle mostly in major urban areas such as Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . Canada also accepts large numbers of refugees , accounting for over 10 percent of annual global refugee resettlements . The 2021 Canadian census had a total population count of 36,991,981 individuals, making up approximately 0.5% of

480-779: A multiple of '5' or '10.' As a result, when these data are summed or grouped, the total value may not match the individual values since totals and sub-totals are independently rounded. Similarly, percentages, which are calculated on rounded data, may not necessarily add up to 100%.): Age structure Median age at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female 0–14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15–24 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 25–54 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 55–64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2022 est). Dependency ratios Note: all numbers in this table are provisional. While data for at least two years ago may be final, newer data for recent days are subject to change in

560-505: A multitude of reasons such as generational distance from ancestral lineage. According to the 2021 Canadian census , over 450 " ethnic or cultural origins " were self-reported by Canadians. The major panethnic groups chosen were; European ( 52.5%), North American ( 22.9%), Asian ( 19.3%), North American Indigenous ( 6.1%), African ( 3.8%), Latin, Central and South American ( 2.5%), Caribbean ( 2.1%), Oceanian ( 0.3%), and Other ( 6%). Statistics Canada reports that 35.5% of

640-474: A nation of 10 provinces and 2 territories. The 1951 census used “mark-sense.” This technology allowed punch cards to be generated, greatly reducing processing time and costs. • 1956 – A quinquennial (every five years) Census of Population and Census of Agriculture was held in all provinces across the country, replacing the mid-decade censuses of the Prairie provinces. • 1971 – Under the Statistics Act of 1971,

720-400: A need to know to complete their work. Questionnaires completed online are protected through a number of measures, including a secure login process and encryption between the user's browser and Statistics Canada's servers. Census data are processed and stored on a highly restricted internal network. The Census of Population Program enables the production and publication of many free resources to

800-612: A new facility to be built next to the existing one in Gatineau were starting, with an opening date in 2022. LAC's online collection is accessible via its website and LAC provides ongoing information online via its blog , podcasts , the Twitter and Facebook social networking services , the Flickr image-sharing site , and the YouTube video-sharing site . RSS feeds provide links to new content on

880-467: A particularly harmful decision. Bibliophile blogger Nigel Beale characterizes LAC as "Canada's national disgrace" in his blog Literary Tourist . Academic Ian Milligan describes LAC's "rhetoric of modernization" as a "smokescreen" for cutting services in light of the insignificance of and limited accessibility to LAC's online collections on the ActiveHistory.ca website. Historian Valerie Knowles outlines

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960-401: A pre-addressed envelope. In other areas, questionnaires were picked up by census enumerators. • 1991 – All respondents in self-enumeration areas (over 98% of the population) were asked to return their completed census questionnaires by mail. The final return rate was 85%, and 27 million people in over 10 million households were counted. Information on common-law partners was also collected for

1040-470: A variety of topics, including: There have been questions about religion in Canada in the national census since 1871. In 1951, when the frequency of conducting the national census changed from being collected every 10 years to every 5 years, questions about religion were still asked only every 10 years. Questions on religion were included in the last census, which occurred in 2021, but it will not be included in

1120-409: A whole data card to be read at once, rather than one column at a time. • 1941 – Sample information was collected for the first time, meaning that 1 in 10 households were asked additional content about their dwelling (type, number of rooms, cooking fuel used, etc.). • 1951 –The 1951 census, held two years after Newfoundland (including Labrador) became part of Canada, marked Canada's first census as

1200-400: Is immigration , with 6.2% of the country's population being made up of temporary residents as of 2023, or about 2.5 million people. Between 2011 and May 2016, Canada's population grew by 1.7 million people, with immigrants accounting for two-thirds of the increase. Canada has one of the highest per-capita immigration rates in the world, driven mainly by economic policy and, to

1280-447: Is available online , primarily books, Canadian theses, and census material—equating to around 5 thousand terabytes of information in electronic format. Many items have not been digitized and are only available in physical form. As of May 2013, only about 1% of the collection had been digitized, representing "about 25 million of the more popular and most fragile items." Since its inception, LAC has reported to Parliament through

1360-444: Is subject to strict conditions. In a section on duty of loyalty, it also cautions employees about expressing personal opinions in social media forums. Only authorized LAC spokespersons may issue statements or make public comments about LAC's mandate and activities, which includes controversial changes related to modernization and budget cuts. Changes introduced under the management of Ian E. Wilson and Daniel J. Caron have been

1440-660: Is the federal institution tasked with acquiring, preserving, and providing accessibility to the documentary heritage of Canada . The national archive and library is the 16th largest library in the world . The LAC reports to the Parliament of Canada through the Minister of Canadian Heritage . LAC traces its origins to the Dominion Archives , formed in 1872, and the National Library of Canada , formed in 1953. The former

1520-576: Is the main physical location where the public may access the collection in person. The building was officially opened on June 20, 1967. With the de-emphasis on physical visits, in-person services have been curtailed—for example, since April 2012, reference services are by appointment only—and the role of this building is decreasing. There are also administrative offices in Gatineau, Quebec , and preservation and storage facilities throughout Canada for federal government records. The Preservation Centre in

1600-532: The British North America Act, 1867 ) included the requirement that a census must be taken every 10 years (decennially) to determine representation by population in the new parliament. • 1871 – The first decennial census was taken in this year. The census enumerated the population of the four original provinces (Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec and Ontario). Manitoba and British Columbia, which had also joined Confederation, were surveyed separately. For

1680-676: The Canadian Library Association expressed concern about budget cuts to libraries, both in federal departments and at LAC. In August 2012, the Bibliographical Society of Canada wrote to every Member of Parliament urging them to ensure budget cuts do not compromise LAC's legislated mandate. In a follow-up letter to Heritage Minister James Moore in November 2012, the Society singled out the termination of interlibrary loans as

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1760-433: The Minister of Canadian Heritage . LAC's stated mandate is: LAC is expected to maintain "effective recordkeeping practices that ensure transparency and accountability". The Librarian and Archivist of Canada has the same seniority level as a deputy minister of a federal department. On May 27, 2019, Leslie Weir was appointed Librarian and Archivist of Canada for a four-year term commencing August 30, 2019. Weir

1840-598: The Royal Architectural Institute of Canada named it one of the top 500 buildings constructed in Canada during the last millennium. A Nitrate Film Preservation Facility on the Communications Research Centre campus in Shirleys Bay , on the outskirts of Ottawa, houses Canada's cellulose nitrate film collection. The collection contains 5,575 film reels dating back to 1912, including some of

1920-420: The Statistics Act , which releases personal census records to LAC for censuses taken between 1910 and 2005, inclusive, 92 years after the taking of a census. In the 2006 census, Canadians were asked for the first time whether they consent to the release of their personal census information after 92 years. This means that 2006 census records will be released to LAC in 2098 only for those respondents who consented to

2000-972: The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and the United Nations Joinet-Orentlicher principles, as related to Aboriginal peoples ' inalienable right to know the truth about what happened and why, with regard to human rights violations committed against them in the residential schools ; ensure that its record holding related to residential schools are accessible to the public; [and] commit more resources to its public education materials and programming on residential schools. Library and Archives Canada has begun to address these concerns by dedicating funding to hire Indigenous archivists, build relationships with Indigenous communities, and support digitization efforts. However, Indigenous-led organizations have drawn attention to

2080-869: The 1991 Canadian census, 2001 Canadian census , 2011 Canadian census , and the 2021 Canadian census . According to the 2021 Canadian census , immigrants in Canada number 8.3 million persons and make up approximately 23 percent of Canada's total population. This represents the eighth-largest immigrant population in the world, while the proportion represents one of the highest ratios for industrialized Western countries . Immigrants from specific countries are divided into several ethnic groups. For example, there are both Punjabis and Muhajirs from Pakistan , both Turks and Kurds from Turkey and both Sinhalese and Tamil from Sri Lanka . Immigrants from Iran are divided into Mazandaranians , Azeris , Persians, Kurds, Gilaks and Lurs . Since confederation in 1867 through to

2160-466: The 2026 census as questions on religion are included in census years that end in “1”. The census typically undercounts the population by ~2–4% because people are not at home, have trouble understanding the census, or census enumerators are unable to find the people. The first census in what is now Canada took place in New France in 1666, under the direction of Intendant Jean Talon . The census noted

2240-405: The 36.3 million people enumerated in 2021 approximately 24.5 million reported being " White ", representing 67.4 percent of the population. The Indigenous population representing 5 percent or 1.8 million individuals, grew by 9.4 percent compared to the non-Indigenous population, which grew by 5.3 percent from 2016 to 2021. One out of every four Canadians or 26.5 percent of

2320-713: The Dominion Bureau of Statistics was renamed Statistics Canada. The act also confirmed that a Census of Population and a Census of Agriculture would be taken every five years (quinquennially). Self-enumeration was first introduced in 1971. With the exception of Indigenous reserves and remote areas where canvassing was deemed necessary due to logistical reasons and other limitations, census questionnaires and completion instructions were dropped off at private homes and respondents were asked to complete their own questionnaires. In population centres of 10,000 people or more, respondents were asked to mail their completed questionnaires back in

2400-453: The LAC website and news about LAC services and resources. A new modernized website is being developed and is scheduled for completion in 2013, with both new and old websites accessible during the transition period. The Library and Archives of Canada's holdings include: Notable items in the collection include: LAC also houses more than a petabyte of digital content . Some of this content

2480-470: The NHS. Most households (75%) received the short-form census questionnaire, while one in four households (25%) received the long-form questionnaire. The overall response at the end of collection for the 2016 census was 98.4%, including 68.4% of responses received online, placing Canada at the forefront internationally for internet collection on a census. Demographics of Canada Statistics Canada conducts

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2560-566: The National Archival Development Program abruptly terminated by LAC following the 2012 federal funding cut. Following Caron's resignation in May 2013, a stakeholder coalition issued a joint statement on the qualities of a successful Librarian and Archivist of Canada for official consideration in what they consider a "matter of great national significance": A broad coalition of Canadian stakeholder organizations has developed

2640-449: The West. • 1901 – Census content was expanded to include citizenship and period of immigration. • 1905 – The census office became a permanent bureau of the federal government. • 1906 – Beginning in 1906, the federal government took separate census of population and agriculture in the three prairie provinces of Manitoba, Alberta, and Saskatchewan every five years to monitor the growth of

2720-476: The West. • 1912 – Responsibility for conducting the census was transferred from the former Ministry of Agriculture to the former Ministry of Trade and Commerce. • 1918 – The Dominion Bureau of Statistics was created. • 1931 – Even though compilation and tabulation for the 1931 census were still carried out with mechanical equipment, a new sorter-tabulator developed by an employee of the Dominion Bureau of Statistics made production 50 times faster by allowing

2800-592: The West. After becoming part of Canada in 1949, Newfoundland (including Labrador) has been included in the Canadian census since 1951. Since 1956, the Census of Agriculture and the Census of Population have been taken together every five years across the entire country. In 1912, the federal government transferred responsibility for conducting the census from the Ministry of Agriculture to the Ministry of Trade and Commerce. In 1918,

2880-513: The age, sex, marital status and occupation of 3,215 inhabitants. French-controlled Acadia also took their own census from 1671 to 1755. It is notable that section 8 of the Constitution Act, 1867 mandates that a national census must be done every 10 years, on years ending in 1 (1871, 1881, 1891, etc.). However, the section has been interpreted to mean that a census cannot be conducted beyond that 10-year period, but this does not indicate that

2960-607: The census is also used to assess the economic state of the country, including the economic conditions of immigrants over time, and labour market activity of communities and specific populations. Census data are also leveraged to develop socioeconomic status indicators in support of analysis of various impacts on education achievement and outcomes. At a sub-national level, two provinces ( Alberta and Saskatchewan ) and two territories ( Nunavut and Yukon ) have legislation that allows local governments to conduct their own municipal censuses . The Census of Population gathers important data on

3040-488: The city centre of Gatineau, about 10 kilometres away from the Ottawa headquarters, was designed to provide a safe environment for the long-term storage and preservation of Canada's valuable collections. It was built at a cost of CDN$ 107 million, and the official opening took place on June 4, 1997. It is a unique building containing 48 climate-controlled preservation vaults and state-of-the-art preservation laboratories. In 2000,

3120-646: The collections, services, and personnel of the National Archives of Canada and the National Library of Canada. Wilson assumed the position as the first Librarian and Archivist of Canada in July that year. In June 2004, LAC issued a discussion paper titled Creating a New Kind of Knowledge Institution ; after consultation in June 2006, it issued LAC Directions for Change , a document setting out five key directions to define

3200-512: The commission in a timely and comprehensive manner and was ordered by an Ontario Superior Court judge to do so. Ultimately, LAC did provide the records, but many were not in digitized and searchable formats as required by the commission. The Calls to Action of the final report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission explicitly referenced Library and Archives Canada as follows: We call upon Library and Archives Canada to: fully adopt and implement

3280-440: The contemporary era, decadal and demi-decadal census reports have detailed immigration statistics. During this period, the highest annual immigration rate in Canada occurred in 1913, when 400,900 new immigrants accounted for 5.3 percent of the total population, while the greatest number of foreign-born individuals admitted to Canada in single year occurred in 2021, with 405,330 new immigrants accounting for 1.1 percent of

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3360-513: The decline in LAC services since 2004 has been compiled by the Ex Libris Association. Following the announcement in the 2012 federal budget of a CDN$ 9.6 million funding cut over the three years commencing in 2012–13, more than 400 LAC employees received notices which indicated their jobs may be affected and the department announced a 20% reduction of its workforce of about 1,100 over the following three years. The "harsh" wording of

3440-638: The demands of providing increased public access to the irreplaceable treasures of Canadian documentary heritage. In June 2013 the Heritage Minister said speeding up the digitization of records will be a priority for the new Librarian and Archivist of Canada. Moore also said he will ask the person appointed to revisit the termination of the National Archival Development Program. During the Canadian Truth and Reconciliation Commission , Library and Archives Canada initially failed to produce records requested by

3520-404: The division was transformed into an autonomous organization, Public Archives of Canada, with the new responsibility of managing government documents on all types of media . The organization would be renamed in 1987 as the National Archives of Canada. With the efforts of people like Freda Farrell Waldon , the first president of the Canadian Library Association , the National Library of Canada

3600-569: The fact that Indigenous communities have been conducting this type of work for decades. LAC also holds and provides access to archival copies of the websites of organizations related to the TRC, in collaboration with the National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation , the University of Winnipeg Library, and University of Manitoba Libraries. The building at 395 Wellington Street in downtown Ottawa

3680-414: The first Canadian motion pictures and photographic negatives. The film material is highly sensitive and requires precise temperatures for its preservation. The state-of-the-art facility, which was officially opened on June 21, 2011, is an eco-designed building featuring an environmentally friendly roof that provides better insulation and minimizes energy expenditures. A planned key activity for 2013–14

3760-541: The first time, questions on religion and birthplace were asked in the census. The 1871 census was the first to use the de jure method of enumeration rather than the de facto method used in Europe both then and now. The de facto method enumerates people where they are found on Census Day. The de jure method enumerates people according to their usual place of residence. • 1881 – All census enumerators were required to take an oath of secrecy—a pledge still required today. The census

3840-480: The first time. • 2001 – For the first time, data were collected on same-sex couples. • 2006 – Census questionnaires were delivered by Canada Post to about 70% of households. The remaining 30% received the questionnaire from an enumerator, as in previous censuses. For the first time, all Canadians could answer the census questionnaire online. This was received positively by Canadians. Nationally, 18.5% of Canadian households completed their questionnaire online. This

3920-498: The following list of qualities we believe the Librarian and Archivist of Canada should have in order to be successful in this critical position of public trust and responsibility. We believe it is essential that the person appointed to this position at this time possess the necessary qualities to meet the tremendous challenges of dealing with the complex issues of the digital environment in an era of limited financial and human resources and

4000-432: The future. For example, as of September 25 2024, The numbers are final up to December 2021, updated from January 2022 to March 2024 and preliminary from April 2024. Unemployment, youth ages 15–24 All citizens of Canada are classified as "Canadians" as defined by Canada's nationality laws . "Canadian" as an ethnic group has since 1996 been added to census questionnaires for possible ancestral origin or descent. "Canadian"

4080-500: The governing legislation was amended to require census takers to take an oath of secrecy. By this time, Prince Edward Island , Manitoba , and British Columbia were part of Canada and included in the national census, as was the Northwest Territories . Beginning in 1906, the Prairie provinces of Manitoba, Alberta and Saskatchewan began to take separate censuses of population and agriculture every five years to monitor growth in

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4160-467: The government established the Dominion Bureau of Statistics, which was renamed Statistics Canada in 1971. Statistics Canada continues to be responsible for the census. All census records prior to and including the 1931 census are publicly available at Library and Archives Canada (LAC). Bill S-18, An Act to Amend the Statistics Act , received Royal Assent on June 18, 2005. The act creates section 18.1 of

4240-512: The highest ratio (percentage) of this response among provinces. Note: Indigenous population decline between 1991 and 1996 censuses attributed to change in criteria in census count; "the 1996 Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples used a more restrictive definition of Aboriginal". Note: Other Indigenous and mixed Indigenous groups are not listed as their own, but they are all accounted for in total Indigenous Statistics Canada projects that visible minorities will make up between 38.2% and 43.0% of

4320-428: The impact of government cutbacks at LAC and federal government libraries in her article "Closing doors on Canada's history" on the iPolitics website. On May 31, 2012, the Association of Canadian Archivists announced its withdrawal from forums of LAC's Pan-Canadian Documentary Heritage Network, stating that it does not believe the network can meet the needs and interests of archives across Canada previously met by

4400-403: The mandatory long-form census questionnaire was collected as part of the new voluntary National Household Survey (NHS). The 2011 Census of Population questionnaire (short form) consisted of the same content as the 2006 census short-form questionnaire, with the addition of two questions on language. • 2016 – In November 2015, the government reinstated the long-form census questionnaire, replacing

4480-432: The most populated province is Ontario, followed by Quebec and British Columbia. The total fertility rate is the number of children born in a specific year cohort to the total number of women who can give birth in the country. In 1971, the birth rate for the first time dipped below replacement and since then has not rebounded. Canada's fertility rate hit a record low of 1.4 children born per woman in 2020, below

4560-570: The new institution, including being a new kind of knowledge institution; becoming a truly national institution, a collaborative institution that works to stregnthen Canada's documentary heritage; a learning destsination; and an institution in government information management. LAC's modernization policy provides for transformation from an institution focused on the acquisition and preservation of analogue (non-digital) materials to one that excels in digital access and digital preservation . A Documentary Heritage Management Framework developed in 2009 seeks

4640-446: The online option in 2006 prompted a major change in methodology for the 2011 census. In May, a letter was delivered to 60% of Canadian dwellings. This letter replaced the traditional paper questionnaire and explained how respondents could complete the questionnaire online. About 20% of dwellings received a questionnaire package by mail. For the remaining 20%, questionnaires were dropped off by enumerators. Information previously collected by

4720-463: The population belonged to a non-White and non-Indigenous visible minority , the largest of which in 2021 were South Asian (2.6 million people; 7.1 percent), Chinese (1.7 million; 4.7 percent) and Black (1.5 million; 4.3 percent). As data is completely self-reported, and reporting individuals may have varying definitions of "Ethnic origin" (or may not know their ethnic origin), these figures should not be considered an exact record of

4800-594: The population in Canada increased from 1990 to 2008 with 5.6 million and 20.4% growth in population, compared to 21.7% growth in the United States and 31.2% growth in Mexico . According to the OECD/World Bank population statistics, for the same period the world population growth was 27%, a total of 1,423 million people. However, over the same period, the population of France grew by 8.0%. And from 1991 to 2011,

4880-478: The population of the UK increased by 10.0%. The current population growth rate for Canada in 2022 was 0.75%. Life expectancy in Canada has consistently risen since the country's formation. School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) Infant mortality rate Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 10.V.2016) (To ensure confidentiality, the values, including totals are randomly rounded either up or down to

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4960-525: The population replacement level, which stands at 2.1 births per woman. In 2020, Canada also experienced the country's lowest number of births in 15 years, also seeing the largest annual drop in childbirths (−3.6%) in a quarter of a century. The total birth rate is 10.17 births/1,000 population in 2022. Canada is among late-childbearing countries, with the average age of mothers at the first birth being 31.3 years in 2020. According to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)/ World Bank ,

5040-547: The population reported multiple ethnic origins, thus the overall total is greater than 100%. The country's ten largest self-reported specific ethnic or cultural origins in 2021 were Canadian (accounting for 15.6 percent of the population), followed by English (14.7 percent), Irish (12.1 percent), Scottish (12.1 percent), French (11.0 percent), German (8.1 percent), Indian (5.1 percent), Chinese (4.7 percent), Italian (4.3 percent), and Ukrainian (3.5 percent). Of

5120-454: The public, including, but not limited to, data products, reference materials, geographical information and data visualization tools released within two years after a census is conducted. Highlights of the census history in Canada include: • 1666 – The first Canadian census was taken in New France by Intendant Jean Talon. The recorded population (excluding Indigenous peoples and royal troops)

5200-430: The relative prevalence of different ethno-cultural ancestries but rather how Canadians self-identify. Data from this section from Statistics Canada, 2021. The most common ethnic origins per province are as follows in 2006 (total responses; only percentages 10% or higher shown; ordered by percentage of "Canadian"): Italics indicates either that this response is dominant within this province, or that this province has

5280-537: The release of their records. Census returns taken after 1926 are in the custody of Statistics Canada and disclosure of personal information from these records is not permitted. The only exception is for individuals who require information about themselves. Statistics Canada has implemented stringent procedures to protect the confidentiality of census information per the Statistics Act , such as requiring employees be sworn to secrecy when they are hired, and limiting access to personal and confidential information to those with

5360-526: The right balance between resources dedicated to analogue and digital materials and is based on: Eight pilot research projects were initiated to validate the framework, including projects on military documentary heritage, aboriginal documentary heritage, and stewardship of newspapers in a digital age. In March 2010 LAC issued its final report on Canadian Digital Information Strategy stakeholder consultations initiated in accordance with its mandate to facilitate co-operation among Canadian knowledge communities. In

5440-578: The same month it issued Shaping Our Continuing Memory Collectively: A Representative Documentary Heritage , a document which outlines how it plans to achieve its modernization objectives. Despite LAC's stated objectives of continuing to fulfill its mandate by adapting to changes in the information environment and collaboration with others, the actual experience since 2004 has been a reduction in both services and collaboration. Federal funding cuts since 2004 have also impacted on LAC services and acquisitions. A detailed timeline of relevant developments and

5520-473: The subject of controversy and public criticism. Caron asserted that radical change is needed to cope with the influx and demand for digital material and they are subject to federal budget constraints. Several individuals and organizations voiced concerns about these changes. In 2011, the Canadian Association of University Teachers launched the Save Library & Archives Canada campaign. On May 2, 2012,

5600-418: The total Canadian population by 2041, compared with 26.5% in 2021. Among the working-age population (15 to 64 years), meanwhile, visible minorities are projected to represent between 42.1% and 47.3% of Canada's total population, compared to 28.5% in 2021. The question on knowledge of languages allows for multiple responses, and first appeared on the 1991 Canadian census . The following figures are from

5680-473: The total population. Statistics Canada projects that immigrants will represent between 29.1% and 34.0% of Canada's population in 2041, compared with 23.0% in 2021, while the Canadian population with at least one foreign born parent ( first and second generation persons) could rise to between 49.8% and 54.3%, up from 44.0% in 2021. Library and Archives Canada Library and Archives Canada ( LAC ; French : Bibliothèque et Archives Canada )

5760-523: The world's total population. A population estimate for 2024 put the total number of people in Canada at 41,012,563. Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2022: Death rate Net migration rate Urbanization The vast majority of Canadians are positioned in a discontinuous band within approximately 300 km of the southern border with the United States;

5840-470: Was 3,215. Information was collected on age, sex, marital status and locality. In addition, the census identified professions and trades for 763 people. • 1666 to 1867 – Numerous censuses were taken at irregular intervals in the colonies of France and Britain that became parts of Canada. Extant records held by Library and Archives Canada and commonly used for research include 1825, 1831, 1842, 1852, and 1861. • 1867 – The Constitution Act, 1867 (formerly

5920-435: Was also the first time people were asked if they agreed to have their personal information released in 92 years for the purposes of research and education. Respondents were also asked whether they would give Statistics Canada permission to access their tax files. This permission was sought in an effort to reduce response burden. The definition of spouse was expanded to include same-sex married couples. • 2011 – The response to

6000-510: Was extended to include British Columbia, Manitoba and Prince Edward Island. • 1891 – The population was prepared for the census enumerator's visit through announcements in newspapers and from pulpits. • 1896 – A mid-decade census was held in Manitoba beginning in 1896 and then in Saskatchewan and Alberta beginning in 1906. These censuses were needed to measure the rapid growth taking place in

6080-502: Was founded in 1953. In 2004, under the initiative of former National Librarian Roch Carrier and National Archivist Ian E. Wilson , the functions of the National Archives of Canada and the National Library of Canada were combined to form Library and Archives Canada. LAC was established per the Library and Archives of Canada Act (Bill C-8), proclaimed on April 22, 2004, with a subsequent Order-in-Council on May 21, which formally united

6160-504: Was included as an example on the English questionnaire and "Canadien" as an example on the French questionnaire. The majority of respondents to this selection are from the eastern part of the country that was first settled. Respondents generally are visibly European (Anglophones and Francophones) and no longer self-identify directly with their ethnic ancestral origins. This response is attributed to

6240-588: Was later renamed as the Public Archives of Canada in 1912, and the National Archives of Canada in 1987. In 2004, the National Archives of Canada and the National Library of Canada were merged to form Library and Archives Canada. The Dominion Archives was founded in 1872 as a division within the Department of Agriculture tasked with acquiring and transcribing documents related to Canadian history . In 1912,

6320-472: Was the first national census, only the four provinces that were part of the Dominion of Canada at the time— Ontario , Quebec , New Brunswick and Nova Scotia —were included in the census. Other areas that would later become part of Canada continued to be enumerated with their own separate censuses. The results of the 1871 census were reported in a five-volume set in 1873, in both English and French . In 1881,

6400-445: Was to rehouse analogue (non-digital) information resources in a new state-of-the-art high-density storage facility in Gatineau, where the national newspaper collection and records of Second World War veterans will be stored. The facility will feature a high bay metal shelving system with a suitable environment to better protect Canada's published heritage. In January 2019, Library and Archives Canada announced that negotiations for

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