113-507: Campaign Against Antisemitism ( CAA ) is a British non-governmental organisation established in August 2014 by members of the Anglo-Jewish community. It conducts litigation, runs awareness-raising campaigns, organises rallies and petitions, provides education on antisemitism and publishes research. CAA was set up in early August 2014, after an increase in antisemitic incidents that accompanied
226-813: A donor who wants to see the supported project managed by a person from an industrialized country . The expertise of these employees (or volunteers) may be counterbalanced by several factors, such as ; the cost of foreigners is typically higher, they have no grassroots connections in the country, and local expertise may be undervalued. By the end of 1995, Concern Worldwide (an international anti-poverty NGO) employed 174 foreigners and just over 5,000 local staff in Haiti and ten developing countries in Africa and Asia. On average, employees in NGOs earn 11-12% less compared to employees of for-profit organizations and government workers with
339-610: A hierarchical structure; their headquarters are staffed by professionals who plan projects, create budgets, keep accounts, and report to and communicate with operational fieldworkers on projects. They are most often associated with the delivery of services or environmental issues, emergency relief, and public welfare. Operational NGOs may be subdivided into relief or development organizations, service-delivery or participatory, religious or secular, and public or private. Although operational NGOs may be community-based, many are national or international. The defining activity of an operational NGO
452-531: A March 2000 report on United Nations reform priorities, former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan favored international humanitarian intervention as the responsibility to protect citizens from ethnic cleansing, genocide, and crimes against humanity. After that report, the Canadian government launched its Responsibility to Protect (R2P) project outlining the issue of humanitarian intervention. The R2P project has wide applications, and among its more controversial has been
565-606: A booking made by the Communist Party of Great Britain because they objected to some of the speakers who they said "have a history of baiting Jews or outright antisemitism". The university in response referenced their commitment to free speech and that hiring event space to legal organisations was a common practice amongst universities. In January 2015, the All-Party Parliamentary Group against Antisemitism wrote: "We were somewhat disappointed to note that not all of
678-693: A deep understanding of the issues facing people and to tailor their services to meet the specific needs of each community. NGOs vary by method; some are primarily advocacy groups , and others conduct programs and activities. Oxfam , concerned with poverty alleviation, may provide needy people with the equipment and skills to obtain food and drinking water ; the Forum for Fact-finding Documentation and Advocacy (FFDA) helps provide legal assistance to victims of human-rights abuses. The Afghanistan Information Management Services provide specialized technical products and services to support development activities implemented on
791-630: A disciplinary offence. In March 2018, the JLM supported a demonstration by Jewish groups against the Labour Party leadership's handling of antisemitism. In April 2018, the Jewish Labour Movement asked for and received a guarantee that JLM would remain Labour's only Jewish affiliate, after suggestions that Jewish Voice for Labour might be allowed to affiliate. This was one of 19 requests made by JLM to
904-500: A lack of resources. They may be contractors or collaborate with government agencies to reduce the cost of public goods. Capacity-building NGOs affect "culture, structure, projects and daily operations". Advocacy and public-education NGOs aim to modify behavior and ideas through communication, crafting messages to promote social, political, or environmental changes (and as news organisations have cut foreign bureaux, many NGOs have begun to expand into news reporting). Movement NGOs mobilize
1017-545: A petition asking the Charity Commission to deregister the organisation, claiming its purpose was to limit freedom of speech by calling opponents of Israel antisemitic. Greenstein's libel claim was dismissed. In 2022, the Charity Commission confirmed that it had opened an investigation into the National Union of Students’ (NUS) charitable arm, following a letter calling on the regulator to do so from Robert Halfon , then
1130-418: A political vacuum, others will come in and fill it. The whole purpose of JLM is to become an organising focus within the party and a space for people who feel Labour is their political home." In March 2016, David Hirsh of Engage , in an article entitled "Jew hate and today's Left", noted that "The Jewish Labour Movement—the old Poale Zion—is emerging as a key organising focus within the Labour Party." The JLM
1243-659: A press conference that it was a “day of shame” for the Labour Party. In December 2019, CAA held a demonstration outside Parliament under its subsidiary brand Together Against Antisemitism. 3,200 attendees heard from speakers such as Tom Holland and Robert Rinder . On 26 November 2023, following several pro-Palestinian marches in London during the Israel–Hamas war , the CAA organised the March Against Antisemitism , starting at
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#17328515588711356-492: A range of roles in the organisation. They included networks officer, Rachel Wenstone, former National Union of Students vice-president; political education officer, Jay Stoll, a senior parliamentary assistant to a Labour MP and former general secretary of the London School of Economics ' student union; campaigns officer, Adam Langleben, who had been elected to Barnet Council ; and youth and student officer, Liron Velleman, still
1469-414: A socialist society means it benefits from inside access to the party's various structures and systems', said that 'Mr Newmark is adamant that, to win the battle, Jews have to remain in the party rather than decamp in the face of Jew-hatred.' Newmark said "There are some people who have left the party. I respect their position and understand it up to a point but I don't agree with it on any level. If you leave
1582-596: A space for and support to Jewish Labour councillors nationally as representatives and campaigners for the Party and political leaders and role models within the Jewish community. The Youth and Students section provides 14–26 year old members a network and opportunities to engage with the JLM and the Labour Party. At the September 2017 Labour Party Conference, new rules proposed by the Jewish Labour Movement were adopted making hate speech
1695-587: A student but holding a role in the party's Chipping Barnet branch. In July 2016, Ella Rose was appointed as the organisation's first director. Rose was formerly a Union of Jewish Students president and a Public Affairs Officer at the Israeli Embassy . She also sat on the advisory board of the Jewish Leadership Council 's Lead programme and on the Board of Deputies of British Jews. In September 2017,
1808-486: Is delivered in a timely and effective manner. NGOs also play a critical role in driving change by advocating for policies and practices that benefit disadvantaged communities. They often work in partnership with other organizations, including government agencies, to address complex challenges that require a collaborative approach. One of the key strengths of NGOs is their ability to work at the grassroots level and to connect with communities directly. This allows them to gain
1921-564: Is enshrined in the organisation's constitution and values, which state their values as including 'international peace and cooperation,' 'democratic socialism in the UK and Israel, 'the application of 'Jewish ethical principles to create a society based on social justices and a sustainable environment', 'to promote the centrality of Israel in Jewish life' and opposition to 'fascist, racist and anti-Semitic groups.' The origins of Poale Zion in Britain were in
2034-461: Is not founded by an international treaty". The role of NGOs and other "major groups" in sustainable development was recognized in Chapter 27 of Agenda 21 . The rise and fall of international NGOs matches contemporary events, waxing in periods of growth and waning in times of crisis. The United Nations gave non-governmental organizations observer status at its assemblies and some meetings. According to
2147-437: Is not just about antisemitism. It’s clear from the event description that CAA has organised this march in response to huge weekly ceasefire demonstrations in London." Na'amod publicly denied CAA's characterisations of the prior ceasefire marches as antisemitic, saying "This could not be further from the truth. Pitting Jewish safety against Palestinian freedom doesn’t make Jews safer; it makes fighting antisemitism harder." The event
2260-687: Is observed annually on 27 February, was recognised on 17 April 2010 by 12 countries of the IX Baltic Sea NGO Forum at the eighth Summit of the Baltic Sea States in Vilnius , Lithuania. It was internationally recognised on 28 February 2014 in Helsinki , Finland by United Nations Development Programme administrator and former Prime Minister of New Zealand Helen Clark . In the context of NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations), diplomacy refers to
2373-764: Is often used to judge it; less than four percent is considered good. According to the World Association of Non-Governmental Organizations, more than 86 percent should be spent on programs (less than 20 percent on overhead). The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria has guidelines of five to seven percent overhead to receive funding; the World Bank typically allows 37 percent. A high percentage of overhead relative to total expenditures can make it more difficult to generate funds. High overhead costs may also generate public criticism. A sole focus on overhead, however, can be counterproductive. Research published by
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#17328515588712486-764: Is one of the oldest socialist societies affiliated to the UK Labour Party . It is a member of the progressive coalition of Avodah / Meretz / Arzenu / Ameinu within the World Zionist Organization . Its sister parties are the Israeli Labor Party (Havodah) and Meretz. JLM is affiliated to the Board of Deputies of British Jews and the Zionist Federation of Great Britain and Ireland . Its objects are to maintain and promote Labour or Socialist Zionism as
2599-589: Is open to Jewish people, while non-Jewish supporters can apply for ally membership. Only full members are eligible for a vote in JLM processes and internal elections. Members of parties which oppose the Labour Party in elections are ineligible for membership. The values of the JLM are centred around a connection between socialism , the Labour Party and socialist Zionism , and the values which are espoused by these movements, including international peace and cooperation, social justice, equality and freedom. This doctrine
2712-536: Is the implementation of projects. Advocacy NGOs or campaigning NGOs seek to "achieve large-scale change promoted indirectly through the influence of the political system". They require an active, efficient group of professional members who can keep supporters informed and motivated. Campaigning NGOs must plan and host demonstrations and events which will attract media, their defining activity. Campaigning NGOs often deal with issues related to human rights, women's rights, and children's rights, and their primary purpose
2825-465: Is to communicate with NGOs about areas of mutual interest. Department of Defense Directive 3000.05, in 2005, required the US Defense Department to regard stability-enhancing activities as equally important as combat. In compliance with international law , the department has developed a capacity to improve essential services in areas of conflict (such as Iraq ) where customary lead agencies like
2938-695: Is to defend (or promote) a specific cause. Non-governmental organisations need healthy public relations in order to meet their goals, and use sophisticated public-relations campaigns to raise funds and deal with governments. Interest groups may be politically important, influencing social and political outcomes. A code of ethics was established in 2002 by the World Association of Non-Governmental Organizations . Some NGOs rely on paid staff while others are based on volunteers . Although many NGOs use international staff in developing countries, others rely on local employees or volunteers. Foreign staff may satisfy
3051-484: Is transnational coordination by non-official members of the government, including epistemic communities and former policymakers or analysts. It aims to help policymakers and policy analysts reach a common solution through unofficial discussions. Unlike official diplomacy, conducted by government officials, diplomats, and elected leaders, Track II diplomacy involves experts, scientists, professors and other figures who are not part of government affairs. World NGO Day, which
3164-452: The 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict . A grassroots campaign, it grew largely out of social media activity among those who felt more should be done to promote the Jewish community's concerns after a meeting to discuss responses where a campaigner had her concerns dismissed by Board of Deputies of British Jews president Vivian Wineman . In January 2015, the then-UK Home Secretary , Theresa May , praised CAA for its work and undertook to ensure that
3277-535: The Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) to quash a decision not to prosecute an alleged far-right leader over a speech in which he issued a call to "free England from Jewish control". Whereas the CPS was sceptical that a crime had been committed, once the case reached a jury the defendant was found guilty and given a one-year custodial sentence. In 2021, Tahra Ahmed, a prominent Grenfell Tower volunteer aid worker,
3390-458: The Equality and Human Rights Commission and asked it to investigate the Labour Party which, it said, was "institutionally anti-Semitic". In March 2019, Jeremy Corbyn wrote to the JLM conveying his and the shadow cabinet's "very strong desire for you to remain a part of our movement" following reports that it was considering disaffiliating. In April 2019, former Prime Minister Gordon Brown and
3503-661: The European Convention on the Recognition of the Legal Personality of International Non-Governmental Organisations in Strasbourg in 1986, creating a common legal basis for European NGOs. Article 11 of the European Convention on Human Rights protects the right to associate, which is fundamental for NGOs. The question whether a public project should be owned by an NGO or by the government has been studied in economics using
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3616-552: The Greater London Council 's County Hall, and in 1984 it was proposed that the Labour Party end the connection. In 1985, Eric Heffer suggested Poale Zion as a model for a black socialist society, as a way for Labour Party Black Sections to represent black and minority members within the party structure. In the 1990s, PZ affiliated to the Anti-Racist Alliance , a black-led anti-racist movement closely aligned to
3729-619: The IHRA definition by universities and local authorities in the UK. CAA's first demonstration was in 2014 against the Tricycle Theatre in London, which had cancelled its hosting of that November's UK Jewish Film Festival due to the contemporaneous conflict in Gaza , unless the festival rejected funding from parties involved in the conflict, specifically a £1,400 sponsorship from the Israeli embassy, which
3842-604: The Independent Labour Party , and succeeded in becoming affiliated to the British Labour Party in 1920 under the name of The Jewish Socialist Labour Party , claiming membership of 3,000, although actual membership was a few hundred. One issue that they tried to influence policy on was the northern border of Palestine which was being decided at the San Remo conference . They hoped that it would be extended as far as
3955-665: The Litani River . They had only limited success in influencing Labour Party Middle East policy and the office closed in March 1921. However, party leader Ramsay MacDonald was influenced by PZ, who would publish his pamphlet A Socialist in Palestine (1922) documenting his visit to Palestine. In 1923, Leah L'Estrange Malone became the organisation's first female chair. By 1928, the World Union of Poale Zion claimed to have 1,000 members in
4068-619: The Ma'aravi ("Western") Society, formed in London in 1902 by Jewish socialist journalist Kalman Marmor, under the influence of the Eastern European Labour Zionist movement led by Marxist theorist Ber Borochov . Branches of Poale Zion were formed in London and Leeds in 1903/04 and 1905 respectively, and in Manchester and Liverpool by 1906. Two branches were formed in London, one by
4181-532: The Mayor of London , Sadiq Khan , announced that they had joined the JLM. Brown said that he joined to support Jews in light of antisemitism in the Labour Party . Khan said he had joined "to demonstrate 'support and appreciation'" for British Jews. In April 2019, JLM decided to remain affiliated to the Labour Party but passed a motion of no confidence in Jeremy Corbyn over his alleged mishandling of anti-Semitism within
4294-641: The Royal Courts of Justice . Estimates from police indicate that between 50,000 and 100,000 people attended the march; it was claimed by the organisation to be "the largest gathering of its kind since the Battle of Cable Street ". One month prior, CAA held a smaller demonstration outside the Scotland Yard Headquarters, to protest against what they deemed police inaction in the face of an uptick in antisemitic hate crimes. CAA regularly conducts polling on both
4407-603: The South Tottenham CLP towards prospective Haredi Jewish members. It also alleged the labelling of Jews as 'child killers,' 'subhuman' and ' Zio scum ,' and told of how Jews were told that ' Hitler was right .' In 2020, the JLM nominated Lisa Nandy in the 2020 Labour Party leadership election and Ian Murray in the 2020 Labour Party deputy leadership election, in both cases by a small margin. Following its 2016 restructuring, JLM offered training on antisemitism awareness to Constituency Labour Parties . In 2018,
4520-521: The State Department and USAID have difficulty operating. International Health cultivates collaborative, arm's-length relationships with NGOs, recognizing their independence, expertise, and honest-broker status. International non-governmental organizations date back to at least the late 18th century, and there were an estimated 1,083 NGOs by 1914. International NGOs were important to the anti-slavery and women's suffrage movements, and peaked at
4633-635: The UN Department of Global Communications , an NGO is "a not-for profit , voluntary citizen's group that is organized on a local, national or international level to address issues in support of the public good". The term NGO is used inconsistently, and is sometimes used synonymously with civil society organization (CSO), which is any association founded by citizens. In some countries, NGOs are known as nonprofit organizations while political parties and trade unions are sometimes considered NGOs as well. NGOs are classified by (1) orientation- entailing
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4746-498: The Urban Institute and Stanford University 's Center for Social Innovation have shown that rating agencies create incentives for NGOs to lower (and hide) overhead costs, which may reduce organizational effectiveness by starving organizations of infrastructure to deliver services. An alternative rating system would provide, in addition to financial data, a qualitative evaluation of an organization's transparency and governance: In
4859-941: The Washington Consensus . Twentieth-century globalization increased the importance of NGOs. International treaties and organizations, such as the World Trade Organization , focused on capitalist interests. To counterbalance this trend, NGOs emphasize humanitarian issues , development aid , and sustainable development . An example is the World Social Forum , a rival convention of the World Economic Forum held each January in Davos , Switzerland. The fifth World Social Forum, in Porto Alegre , Brazil in January 2005,
4972-408: The 1960s of its paper Jewish Vanguard ; the brothers Leslie and Harold Lever (Leslie served as chair); Percy Sassoon Gourgey, secretary in 1959 and chair 1964–67; Sidney Goldberg, general secretary at the time of the 1967 Arab-Israeli war; and Eric Moonman , chair in the 1970s. Reginald Freeson served as the political secretary of Poale Zion, co-chair and editor of its journal Vanguard in
5085-415: The Board of Deputies and others. In August 2018, CAA organised a demonstration outside Labour Party 's headquarters to protest against the handling of antisemitism in the Labour Party, and to condemn the-then party leader, Jeremy Corbyn . That same month, the organisation launched a Change.org petition titled "Jeremy Corbyn is an antisemite and must go"; it featured a Labour slogan modified to read "For
5198-603: The Campaign Against Antisemitism". In July 2018, the Labour MP Margaret Hodge became one of a number of honorary patrons of CAA. In the run up to the 2019 United Kingdom general election , CAA asked her to resign as a patron because she was standing as a Labour Party candidate; she did so but described their request as "both astonishing and wounding", showing a lack of respect and impugning her integrity. By contrast, several Labour MPs had resigned from
5311-649: The Canadian government's use of R2P to justify its intervention in the coup in Haiti. Large corporations have increased their corporate social responsibility departments to preempt NGO campaigns against corporate practices. Collaboration between corporations and NGOs risks co-option of the weaker partner, typically the NGO. In December 2007, Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs S. Ward Casscells established an International Health Division of Force Health Protection & Readiness. Part of International Health's mission
5424-679: The Chair of the Education Select Committee , and CAA. CAA also contributed to a separate investigation into NUS that found that the union had tolerated a “hostile environment" for Jewish students. A February 2017 letter to The Guardian , which was signed by 250 academics, stated that CAA cites the Working Definition of Antisemitism in asking its supporters to "record, film, photograph and get witness evidence" about Israeli Apartheid Week events, and CAA "will help you to take it up with
5537-501: The Charity Commission said that charities must be independent of party politics and insisted that CAA reword its petition. In November 2018, CAA asked the Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC) to investigate the Labour Party. In May 2019, following complaints submitted by CAA, the EHRC launched a formal investigation into whether Labour had "unlawfully discriminated against, harassed or victimised people because they are Jewish". Following
5650-657: The Director, Ella Rose, left for a role with the Holocaust Educational Trust . In April 2019, Mike Katz was elected National Movement Chair, defeating Ivor Caplin , and Ruth Smeeth was elected as Parliamentary Chair, succeeding Luciana Berger , who resigned from the Labour Party in February 2019. Joe Goldberg, Sarah Sackman and Ulrich Stephane Savary were elected as National Vice-Chairs. In January 2020, Margaret Hodge became Parliamentary Chair while Ruth Smeeth, who
5763-633: The Independent Labour Party in setting up the Vienna International of socialist parties. In mid-1920, the World Union of Poale Zion in Vienna set up a Poale Zion office in London , led by Shlomo Kaplansky and David Ben-Gurion . The office was in rooms in Petticoat Lane , where Moshe Sharett worked part-time translating Yiddish into English. They built contacts with both Labour and
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#17328515588715876-469: The JLM held its first ever one-day conference. By February 2018, the JLM had over 2,000 members, according to National Secretary Peter Mason . In February 2018, Jeremy Newmark resigned as chair of the JLM after The Jewish Chronicle published an internal audit report into his conduct while he was CEO of the Jewish Leadership Council. It was alleged that, between 2006 and 2013, he defrauded
5989-485: The JLM refused to collaborate with the Labour Party in developing educational materials on antisemitism. In June 2020, the JLM said they would not undertake antisemitism training for all Labour staff, as Keir Starmer had requested, while "staff who were central to the failure to deal with antisemitism under Mr Corbyn remained in their jobs". In mid–July 2021, Labour's National Executive Committee announced that all prospective Labour candidates would be trained by
6102-427: The JLM refused to provide antisemitism awareness training to those subject to disciplinary proceedings as they did not believe training was an appropriate sanction. In August 2018, the JLM refused to offer training at the Party's annual conference, after disagreeing with the Party leadership over its content. In March 2019, the JLM suspended their training programme. JLM said that their role had been undermined after
6215-404: The Jewish community and wider British population. They produce an annual Antisemitism Barometer surveying both, which has regularly produced notable findings including, for instance, that 84% of British Jews considered Jeremy Corbyn to be a threat to the Jewish community in 2019. The 2019 survey is believed to be the first survey ever to suggest that antisemitism on the far-left had overtaken that on
6328-569: The Jewish vote behind the non-Jewish Labour candidate, James Henry Hall , rather than the Jewish Liberal candidate Barnett Janner . In the 1940s, Poale Zion (Great Britain) claimed a membership of nearly 2,000. In 1957, Poale Zion played a role in the formation of Labour Friends of Israel , with which it continues to work. In June 1982, Poale Zion formed a Scottish branch, with the MP for East Kilbride , Maurice Miller , becoming its chair. In
6441-418: The Labour Party Black Sections and founded by Marc Wadsworth , and later to its successor the National Assembly Against Racism . Leading postwar members of Poale Zion included Maurice Orbach ; Samuel Fisher, Baron Fisher of Camden ; Leo Abse , who set up the Cardiff branch in 1948; Mary Mikardo and Ian Mikardo ; Simon Pinner and his son Hayim Pinner, who was president of the youth wing and editor in
6554-461: The Labour Party announced it planned to enrol staff and members of the National Executive Committee and National Constitutional Committee on a short course on antisemitism being developed by the Pears Institute for the Study of Antisemitism , despite Labour's stated intention of consulting Jewish communal organisations prior to its implementation. In July 2019, JLM suspended a member who had continued to provide training on antisemitism. In July 2019,
6667-480: The Labour Party on a local, regional and national basis. In the 2016 Labour Party leadership election , when MPs unsuccessfully sought to replace Jeremy Corbyn , JLM nominated Owen Smith after over 90% of its members voted for him in an internal ballot. Some commentators concluded that the revived JLM wished to remove or weaken Corbyn and others sympathetic to the Palestinians. Young people who had had some success in their early political careers were appointed to
6780-403: The Labour Party, alongside six set by Jewish community organisations. In September 2018, as the JLM asked, Labour added all 11 IHRA Working Definition of Antisemitism examples, unamended, to the Party's code of conduct. In October 2018, the JLM appealed to Labour Party members to send it examples of antisemitism within Labour. In November 2018, the JLM submitted a dossier of examples to
6893-413: The Labour Party." In December 2019, the JLM made a submission to the Equality and Human Rights Commission as part of the EHRC's investigation into anti-Semitism in the Labour Party. It offered alleged incidents of anti-Semitism in the Labour Party, including the description of Jewish Labour MP Margaret Hodge as a 'Zionist remedial cancer' and a 'Zionist bitch,' as well as the discriminatory practices of
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#17328515588717006-501: The Mayor of London, Sadiq Khan, Luke Akehurst , director of We Believe in Israel and secretary of Labour First , Nathan Yeowell, director of Progress , Miriam Mirwitch, chair of Young Labour and Rania Ramli, chairperson of the recently disbanded Labour Students . Smeeth said that "This isn't a fight for Jews (or) equality in the party – this is a fight for the Labour Party." Hodge drew loud cheers when she promised that "I'm not going to give up until Jeremy Corbyn ceases to be leader of
7119-510: The Office of Refugee Resettlement uses to help integrate immigrants to America. Government funding sometimes accounts for the vast majority of overall funding for these NGOs, for example Global Refuge received 180 million dollars of its 207 million dollar budget from federal funding. In recent years, government contracts to non-profits have exploded both in number and size. The Budget for the Office of Refugee Resettlement has increased from 1.8 billion in 2018 to 6.3 billion in 2022. Critics point to
7232-449: The Tricycle Theatre offered to replace. In August 2014, following discussions with the festival organizers, the Tricycle withdrew its condition. Later that same summer, CAA led a demonstration outside the Royal Courts of Justice , attracting an estimated 5,000 people in the largest protest against antisemitism in a generation following a spike in antisemitic incidents. Attendees heard from Chief Rabbi Ephraim Mirvis , representatives from
7345-401: The UK and also surveys the effect of antisemitism on the Jewish community. Further, its National Antisemitic Crime Audit collects and analyses antisemitic crime data from all police forces in the United Kingdom . CAA uses the report to assess trends in antisemitic crime and to make recommendations to the British government. CAA also monitors antisemitism in political parties and the adoption of
7458-403: The UN, an NGO is a private, not-for-profit organization which is independent of government control and is not merely an opposition political party . The rapid development of the non-governmental sector occurred in Western countries as a result of the restructuring of the welfare state . Globalization of that process occurred after the fall of the communist system, and was an important part of
7571-424: The United Kingdom. World PZ leader Dov Hoz was based in the UK in 1928, and set about reviving and re-organising Poale Zion (Great Britain), including inspiring PZ members to become more active in the mainstream Labour Party. Young Poale Zion was launched in Bethnal Green , London, in 1928, by Sam Dreen. Poale Zion and Dov Hoz played a crucial role in the 1930 Whitechapel and St Georges by-election , swinging
7684-557: The World Economic Forum, may also act as lobby groups for corporations. Unlike international organizations (IOs), which directly interact with sovereign states and governments, NGOs are independent from them. The term as it is used today was first introduced in Article 71 of the newly formed United Nations' Charter in 1945. While there is no fixed or formal definition for what NGOs are, they are generally defined as nonprofit entities that are independent of governmental influence—although they may receive government funding . According to
7797-423: The World NGO Day, we celebrate the key civil society's contribution to public space and their unique ability to give voice to those who would have went [sic] otherwise unheard. European Commission Vice-President Federica Mogherini , commemorating the 2017 World NGO Day in Brussels Service-delivery NGOs provide public goods and services which governments of developing countries are unable to provide due to
7910-417: The commission was assessing. CAA had previously described a 2009 speech by Ali, who described Tony Blair , George W. Bush , and Ehud Olmert , as "warmongers", as antisemitic and an "offensive rant". In 2023, following the CAA-led March Against Antisemitism, the British Jewish organisation Na'amod released a statement about their decision not to attend the CAA-led demonstration, stating: "we know this march
8023-447: The council of more than £10,000. The newspaper claimed that the council had covered up his alleged behaviour and accepted his resignation on the grounds of ill health. Newmark denied any wrongdoing, though he resigned as Chair of the JLM two days later to enable him to respond to the allegations. Later in February, the JLM reported some financial matters to the police for investigation. He was replaced by Ivor Caplin . In October 2018,
8136-563: The drafting (by Sidney Webb and Arthur Henderson ) of the Labour Party ’s War Aims Memorandum, recognising the " right of return " of Jews to Palestine, a document which preceded the Balfour Declaration by three months. In this period, it published the periodical Jewish Labour Correspondence . After World War I, Poale Zion published several pamphlets in Yiddish and a Yiddish journal, Undzer Veg . Shlomo Kaplansky collaborated with
8249-513: The far-right. CAA were among those calling for organisations to be proscribed under the Terrorism Act 2000 , including the neo-Nazi National Action and Islamist groups such as Hizb ut-Tahrir , which are both now proscribed. CAA has used the process of judicial review in English law to scrutinise and reverse decisions made by the government and authorities. For example, in March 2017, CAA forced
8362-456: The fields of humanitarian assistance and poverty alleviation. Funding sources include membership dues, the sale of goods and services, grants from international institutions or national governments, corporate social responsibility (CSR) funds and private donations. Although the term "non-governmental organization" implies independence from governments, many NGOs depend on government funding; one-fourth of Oxfam 's US$ 162 million 1998 income
8475-475: The following ways;: Similar terms include third-sector organization (TSO), nonprofit organization (NPO), voluntary organization (VO), civil society organization (CSO), grassroots organization (GO), social movement organization (SMO), private voluntary organization (PVO), self-help organization (SHO), and non-state actors (NSAs). Numerous variations exist for the NGO acronym, either due to language, region, or specificity. Some Romance languages use
8588-477: The forces that controlled them, whatever the governments concerned might think about the matter." Some NGOs, such as Greenpeace , do not accept funding from governments or intergovernmental organizations. The 1999 budget of the American Association of Retired Persons ( AARP ) was over $ 540 million. In America, government funding of NGOs relating to immigration is common, and is one of the stated methods
8701-570: The former director of London Jewish Forum and a councillor in Ealing, became national secretary. He was also elected to Labour's National Constitutional Committee, which handles disciplinary cases, the first JLM candidate to be elected to a national committee for 20 years. It followed a report by former Liberty director Shami Chakrabarti that recommended a transfer of powers to the NCC. The Jewish Chronicle , observing that '(JLM's) affiliation to Labour as
8814-630: The garment workers union, one by the Independent Cabinet Makers Union. A permanent headquarters was opened in Whitechapel in February 1904, and a nationwide organisation was launched at a conference in Manchester in 1906. Poale Zion was active in Britain during World War I , under the leadership of J Pomeranz and Morris Meyer, and influential on the British labour movement, including on
8927-472: The good intentions of NGO leaders and activists, he is critical of the "objective effects of actions, regardless of their intentions". According to Shivji, the rise of NGOs is part of a neoliberal paradigm and not motivated purely by altruism; NGOs want to change the world without understanding it, continuing an imperial relationship. Jewish Labour Movement The Jewish Labour Movement ( JLM ), known as Poale Zion (Great Britain) from 1903 to 2004,
9040-824: The ground by other organizations. Management techniques are crucial to project success. The World Bank classifies NGO activity into two general categories: NGOs may also conduct both activities: operational NGOs will use campaigning techniques if they face issues in the field, which could be remedied by policy change, and campaigning NGOs (such as human-rights organizations ) often have programs which assist individual victims for whom they are trying to advocate. Operational NGOs seek to "achieve small-scale change directly through projects", mobilizing financial resources, materials, and volunteers to create local programs. They hold large-scale fundraising events and may apply to governments and organizations for grants or contracts to raise money for projects. Operational NGOs often have
9153-563: The late 1980s to early 1990s. In the 1990s, Lawrie Nerva was chair. In 2002, Louise Ellman was vice-chair. Poale Zion (Great Britain) was relaunched as the Jewish Labour Movement (JLM) in 2004 in response to changes within global left Zionism during the Second Intifada , with an increased focus on Britain's Jewish community. Louise Ellman recounts that the July 2004 'launch at the House of Commons
9266-425: The law against antisemitism is "robustly enforced". On 1 October 2015, it was registered as a charitable incorporated organisation (CIO). Its chief executive is Gideon Falter and its first director of communications was Jonathan Sacerdoti . CAA publishes primary and secondary research based on opinion polling and Freedom of Information Act 2000 requests. CAA's annual Barometer measures antisemitic sentiment in
9379-628: The many not the Jew", which was signed by over 30,000 by 30 August 2018. A counter-petition against CAA with the title "To Get the Charity Commission to Deregister the Zionist Campaign Against Anti-Semitism" was signed by almost 7,500 and sent to the Charity Commission for England and Wales , which said in response that it was "assessing concerns raised about the Campaign Against Antisemitism's campaigning activities". In October 2018,
9492-480: The messages from that group [CAA] have been in line with CST 's stated approach of seeking to avoid undue panic and alarm." They added "it is important that the leadership do not conflate concerns about activity legitimately protesting Israel's actions with antisemitism, as we have seen has been the case on some occasions." That same month, the Institute for Jewish Policy Research said that a CAA survey about antisemitism
9605-591: The mid-1980s, PZ claimed a paper membership of 2,000. Before the Arab-Israeli war of 1967, Poale Zion represented the dominant pro-Zionist view within the British Labour Party. However, as the left became increasingly anti-Zionist, relations with the left of the party were increasingly tense. For instance, in April 1983 women members of Poale Zion were prevented from attending an International Women's Day seminar at
9718-467: The million-dollar salaries of CEOS and the use of funds for "music therapy" and "pet therapy" as a worrying sign that the money might not be appropriated to help the migrant crisis, but rather as a political move to keep wealthy backers loyal. Overhead is the amount of money spent on running an NGO, rather than on projects. It includes office expenses, salaries, and banking and bookkeeping costs. An NGO's percentage of its overall budget spent on overhead
9831-460: The movement for self-determination of the Jewish people within the state of Israel, and to support, develop and promote political activists who work to enable the objects and values of the Jewish Labour Movement. The organisation's aim is stated as "To organise and maintain a political movement of Jewish people within the UK Labour Party and the international labour movement". Full membership
9944-500: The number of the country's primary schools and health centers. The United States, by comparison, has approximately 1.5 million NGOs. NGOs further the social goals of their members (or founders): improving the natural environment , encouraging the observance of human rights , improving the welfare of the disadvantaged, or representing a corporate agenda. Their goals cover a wide range of issues. They may fund local NGOs, institutions and projects, and implement projects. NGOs can be in
10057-422: The official commemorations of the Battle of Cable Street on its 75th and 80th anniversaries in 2011 and 2016 respectively. In the 2015 Labour Party leadership election , JLM nominated Yvette Cooper . After ten years in the role, Louise Ellman retired as chair to become Honorary President. Her successor, Jeremy Newmark , was a former CEO of the UK's Jewish Leadership Council and a former spokesperson for
10170-666: The party during the Corbyn years during the Labour antisemitism crisis that had engulfed the party. In February 2020, the Morning Star reported that Shahrar Ali , the Home Affairs spokesman of the Green Party of England and Wales , had made a formal complaint to the Charity Commission that the CAA had failed to be independent of party politics, which is a legal requirement for charities, and that
10283-455: The party with the larger valuation need not be optimal when the public good is partially excludable, when both NGO and government may be indispensable, or when the NGO and the government have different bargaining powers. Moreover, the investment technology can matter for the optimal ownership structure when there are bargaining frictions, when the parties interact repeatedly or when the parties are asymmetrically informed. Today we celebrate
10396-478: The party with the more important investment task should be owner. Yet, Besley and Ghatak have argued that in the context of public projects the investment technology does not matter. Specifically, even when the government is the key investor, ownership by an NGO is optimal if and only if the NGO has a larger valuation of the project than the government. However, the general validity of this argument has been questioned by follow-up research. In particular, ownership by
10509-630: The party. In July 2019, JLM described Labour's appointment of a liaison officer to improve the party's relationships with the Jewish community as a "pointless, ineffective gesture". In September 2019, the JLM held a rally at the Middle Street Synagogue in Brighton during the Labour Party Conference . Speakers included MPs, Ruth Smeeth, Margaret Hodge , Alex Sobel , Louise Ellman, Stella Creasy and Rosie Duffield , Seb Dance MEP,
10622-1192: The practice of building and maintaining partnerships with other organizations, stakeholders, and governments to achieve common objectives related to social or environmental issues. NGOs often work in complex environments, where multiple stakeholders have different interests and goals. Diplomacy allows NGOs to navigate these complex environments and engage in constructive dialogue with different actors to promote understanding, build consensus, and facilitate cooperation. Effective NGO diplomacy involves building trust, fostering dialogue, and promoting transparency and accountability. NGOs may engage in diplomacy through various means such as including advocacy, lobbying, partnerships, and negotiations. By working collaboratively with other organizations and stakeholders, NGOs can achieve greater impact and reach their goals more effectively. Tanzanian author and academic Issa G. Shivji has criticised NGOs in two essays: "Silences in NGO discourse: The role and future of NGOs in Africa" and "Reflections on NGOs in Tanzania: What we are, what we are not and what we ought to be". Shivji writes that despite
10735-528: The previous Chief Rabbi , Jonathan Sacks . He had also stood as a Labour candidate for Parliament in 2017, in Finchley and Golders Green . Sarah Sackman and Mike Katz were elected as Vice-Chairs. Sackman had stood as Labour's candidate in the Finchley and Golders Green constituency in the 2015 general election while Katz was selected as a Labour Party candidate in the 2016 London Assembly election . Peter Mason ,
10848-497: The public and coordinate large-scale collective activities to advance an activist agenda. Since the end of the Cold War , more NGOs in developed countries have pursued international outreach. By being involved in local and national social resistance, they have influenced domestic policy change in the developing world. Specialized NGOs have forged partnerships, built networks, and found policy niches. Track II diplomacy (or dialogue)
10961-520: The referral to the EHRC by CAA, the Jewish Labour Movement and Labour Against Antisemitism Ltd also made submissions in support of the referral. The investigation ultimately found that the Labour Party had committed unlawful acts of discrimination against Jews under Jeremy Corbyn. Keir Starmer , leader of the Labour Party, responded to the findings when they were published in October 2020, saying at
11074-478: The same number of qualifications . However, in many cases NGOs employees receive more fringe benefits. NGOs are usually funded by donations, but some avoid formal funding and are run by volunteers. NGOs may have charitable status, or may be tax-exempt in recognition of their social purposes. Others may be fronts for political, religious, or other interests. Since the end of World War II , NGOs have had an increased role in international development , particularly in
11187-499: The synonymous abbreviation ONG ; for example: Other acronyms that are typically used to describe non-governmental organizations include: Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a vital role in improving the lives of people who have been affected by natural disasters or are facing other challenges. NGOs can act as implementers, catalysts, and partners to provide essential goods and services to those in need. They work to mobilize resources, both financial and human, to ensure that aid
11300-638: The time of the 1932–1934 World Disarmament Conference . The term became popular with the 1945 founding of the United Nations in 1945; Article 71 in Chapter X of its charter stipulated consultative status for organizations which are neither governments nor member states. An international NGO was first defined in resolution 288 (X) of the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) on February 27, 1950, as "any international organization that
11413-449: The tools of the incomplete contracting theory. According to this theory, not every detail of a relationship between decision makers can be contractually specified. Hence, in the future, the parties will bargain with each other to adapt their relationship to changing circumstances. Ownership matters because it determines the parties' willingness to make non-contractible investments. In the context of private firms, Oliver Hart has shown that
11526-441: The type of activities an NGO undertakes, such as activities involving human rights , consumer protection , environmentalism , health , or development; and (2) level of operation, which indicates the scale at which an organization works: local, regional, national, or international. Russia had about 277,000 NGOs in 2008. India is estimated to have had about 2 million NGOs in 2009 (approximately one per 600 Indians), many more than
11639-429: The university, students' union or even the police." The signatories said: "These are outrageous interferences with free expression, and are direct attacks on academic freedom ... . It is with disbelief that we witness explicit political interference in university affairs in the interests of Israel under the thin disguise of concern about antisemitism." In August 2019, CAA asked Goldsmiths, University of London , to cancel
11752-485: Was "littered with flaws", and "may even be rather irresponsible". However, in years since, the surveys have not received public criticism. After criticism by CAA of Shami Chakrabarti over her 2016 report into antisemitism in the UK Labour Party , a number of British Jews wrote to The Guardian dissociating themselves from the Chief Rabbi , the Board of Deputies, and what they described as "the pro-Israel lobbyists of
11865-661: Was a highly successful event, with the Israeli Ambassador and the Foreign Office Minister responsible for Middle East matters as guest speakers. Messages of goodwill were delivered from the Prime Minister, the Board of Deputies of British Jews and the World Labour Zionist Movement'. Louise Ellman rose from being vice-chair to chair in 2006, a position she held until 2016. There were JLM speakers at
11978-485: Was attended by representatives of over 1,000 NGOs. The 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro , attended by about 2,400 representatives, was the first to demonstrate the power of international NGOs in environmental issues and sustainable development. Transnational NGO networking has become extensive. Although NGOs are subject to national laws and practices, four main groups may be found worldwide: The Council of Europe drafted
12091-437: Was described by The Jewish Chronicle as a 'gathering-place for moderates concerned about the direction the party is taking under Mr Corbyn' and affiliate membership was established for non-Jews. Membership increased to around 1,000 with a "flood" of affiliate members showing their "support and solidarity". The 2016 JLM annual general meeting voted unanimously to adopt a new structure to enable it to increase its engagement inside
12204-585: Was donated by the British government and the EU, and World Vision United States collected $ 55 million worth of goods in 1998 from the American government. Several EU grants provide funds accessible to NGOs. Government funding of NGOs is controversial, since "the whole point of humanitarian intervention was precise that NGOs and civil society had both a right and an obligation to respond with acts of aid and solidarity to people in need or being subjected to repression or want by
12317-537: Was exposed by The Times as having claimed that the victims of the Grenfell Tower fire were “burnt alive in a Jewish sacrifice” and that the inferno profited Goldman Sachs . Further investigations by CAA revealed that she was propagating a multitude of antisemitic conspiracy theories to her thousands of Facebook followers, and reported her to the police. In January 2022 she was found guilty on two counts of publishing written material in order to stir up racial hatred, and
12430-415: Was forced to apologise to CAA chairman Gideon Falter and pay costs and damages after being sued for libel. Atzmon acknowledged that he had falsely stated that Falter had personally profited from fabricating antisemitic incidents. In 2019, the CAA was sued by Tony Greenstein for libel in relation to CAA having published articles about him calling him a "notorious antisemite". In 2017, Greenstein had launched
12543-563: Was no longer an MP, became a National Vice-Chair. In October 2019, the Honorary President, Louise Ellman, resigned from the Labour Party but said that she was not planning to support another party, meaning she remained eligible to be a member. The Jewish Labour Movement has a Local Government Network which seeks to recruit ambassadors in every Labour Group across the country to be a point of contact, educate local members and work with JLM nationally. Its Jewish Councillors Network provides
12656-478: Was sentenced to eleven months in prison. In early 2018, CAA brought a successful private prosecution against Alison Chabloz, a Holocaust denier who released three YouTube videos of self-written antisemitic songs characterising Auschwitz as a "theme park" and the Holocaust as the "Holohoax". Chabloz was subsequently imprisoned for breaking the conditions of her suspended sentence . In July 2018, Gilad Atzmon
12769-576: Was supported by mainstream Jewish organisations and figures, including the Chief Rabbi and the Jewish Leadership Council . It was later reported that some members of Naamod regretted boycotting the march. Non-governmental organisation A non-governmental organization (NGO) is an independent, typically nonprofit organization that operates outside government control. NGOs often focus on humanitarian or social issues but can also include clubs and associations offering services to members. Some NGOs, like
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