Cămin ( Hungarian : Kálmánd , Hungarian pronunciation : [ˈkaːlmaːd] ) is a commune located in Satu Mare County , Romania . It is composed of a single village, Cămin, part of Căpleni Commune until 2002, when it was split off.
65-497: The commune is located in the western part of the county, just north of the city of Carei and about 40 km (25 mi) west of the county seat, Satu Mare . Situated close to the Hungarian border , Cămin belongs to the Carei metropolitan area. At the 2011 census , the commune had 1,388 inhabitants; of those, 64.5% were Hungarians , 22.5% Germans , 7.2% Roma , and 5% Romanians . At
130-495: A brother, George, who died as a baby before Francis was born, and a sister, Julianna Rákóczi, later Countess of Aspremont-Lynden , who was four years older than Francis. His father died when he was four months old. Upon Ferenc I's death, his widow requested guardianship of her children; however, the advisors of Emperor Leopold I insisted that he retain guardianship of both Ferenc and his sister, especially as Francis I had willed this before death. Despite further difficulties, Zrínyi
195-555: A descendant of Saint Elizabeth of Hungary . The couple moved to the Rákóczi castle at Sárospatak, where Rákóczi began to manage his properties. The Treaty of Karlowitz on 26 January 1699, forced Thököly and Zrínyi into exile. Rákóczi remained in Vienna under the Emperor's supervision. Relying on the prevalent anti-Habsburg sentiment, remnants of Thököly's peasant army started a new uprising in
260-419: A fortress around the 14th century, it was converted to a castle in 1794, undergoing further transformations during the 19th century. The manor is surrounded by an arboretum , covering a surface of about 30 acres (12 ha) and containing a great variety of species of trees and plants. Carei's theater was built in 1907 and was inspired by a project of architect György Kopeczek. The theater was first named after
325-571: A frontal opening of 18 m (59 ft), a depth of 5 m (16 ft), and a height of 12 m (39 ft). The monument has the following inscription: "Glory to the soldiers of the Romanian Army, fallen in the struggles for the liberation of the homeland". The first train station was built in 1871, when the Debrecen – Satu Mare railway was built. The Carei– Zalău railway was inaugurated on 23 December 1887. The building of today's train station
390-403: A hospital was built and opened. With the new railway built in 1887, the light industry and the food industry in the city started blooming, and a new paper mill was also built. Between the years 1893 and 1896, at the behest of count Stephen Károlyi, the castle underwent change once more, according to the plans of the architect Arthur Meinig , and it reached its current form. In 1904, electricity
455-620: A new copper-based coinage, which was not easily accepted in Hungary as people were used to silver coins. Nevertheless, Rákóczi managed to maintain his military advantage for a while – but after 1706, his army was forced into retreat. A meeting of the Hungarian Diet (consisting of 6 bishops, 36 aristocrats and about 1000 representatives of the lower nobility of 25 counties), held near Szécsény ( Nógrád County ) in September 1705, elected Rákóczi to be
520-451: A result of the military achievements of the Károlyi family. The development of regional trade in the region stimulated the development of the town, and in 1387, King Sigismund elevates the town to county center, while also granting it independent jurisdiction. In 1482, Ladislaus Károlyi, with the permission of King Matthias , begins the construction of a stone residence. Over the course of
585-624: A secondary school. The Monument of the Romanian Soldier, which commemorates the Battle of Carei of October 1944, is situated in the center of the city. The monument was built by the sculptor Gheza Vida and the architect Anton Dâmboianu. It was inaugurated in 1964, in the presence of the Defense Minister , Leontin Sălăjan . The monument was built with white stone and has impressive dimensions, with
650-475: Is twinned with: Carei has a continental climate , characterized by hot warm and rainy summers, and cold and snowy winters. As the city is in the far north of the country, winter is colder than the national average. The average annual temperature is 9.6 °C (49 °F). Francis II R%C3%A1k%C3%B3czi Francis II Rákóczi ( Hungarian : II. Rákóczi Ferenc , Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈraːkoːt͡si ˈfɛrɛnt͡s] ; 27 March 1676 – 8 April 1735)
715-471: Is a city in Satu Mare County , northwestern Romania , near the border with Hungary . The city administers one village, Ianculești ( Hungarian : Szentjánosmajor ). The municipality of Carei is situated in the north-west of Romania, 99 km (62 mi) away from Oradea . Carei is situated in the south-western part of Satu-Mare County, in a plain region, and it is 35 km (22 mi) away from
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#1732844589435780-595: Is remembered a Hungarian national hero, and is honored in various ways by modern Hungarians. His equestrian statue with the famous motto Cum Deo Pro Patria et Libertate ("With God for Fatherland and Liberty ") written on its red marble base was erected in front of the Hungarian Parliament Building on Lajos Kossuth Square in 1937, the work of János Pásztor . In the 1950s, the first two words, Cum Deo (i.e., "With God"), were removed for ideological reasons; in 1989, they were restored. When, after 1945,
845-650: The 2021 census , Cămin had a population of 1,250, of which 51.52% were Hungarians, 30.24% Germans, 8.32% Roma, and 6.56% Romanians. The current local council has the following political composition, based on the results of the votes cast at the 2024 Romanian local elections. This Satu Mare County location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Carei Carei ( Romanian pronunciation: [kaˈrej] ; Hungarian : Nagykároly , Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈnɒckaːroj] ; German : Grosskarol / Großkarl , Yiddish : קראלי , pronounced [krʊlə] )
910-681: The Hegyalja region of Northeastern present-day Hungary, which was part of the property of the Rákóczi family. They captured the castles of Tokaj , Sárospatak and Sátoraljaújhely , and asked Rákóczi to become their leader, but he was not eager to head what appeared to be a minor peasant rebellion. He quickly returned to Vienna, where he tried his best to clear his name. Rákóczi then befriended Count Miklós Bercsényi , whose property at Ungvár (today Ужгород (Uzhhorod) , in Ukraine ), lay next to his own. Bercsényi
975-759: The Romanian Army took control of Carei on April 19, 1919, during the Hungarian–Romanian War . The city officially became part of the territory ceded to the Kingdom of Romania in June 1920 under the terms of the Treaty of Trianon . In August 1940, under the auspices of Nazi Germany , which imposed the Second Vienna Award , Hungary retook the territory of Northern Transylvania (which included Carei) from Romania. Towards
1040-548: The Veretski Pass (Hungarian: Vereckei-hágó ) where Rákóczi arrived at Hungary in the beginning of the uprising in 1703 and where he said goodbye to his followers in 1711 going into exile was renamed Rákócziszállás in 1889. The neighbouring village of Podpolóc (today Pidpolozzya ) where Rákóczi spent a night in 1703 was renamed that year Vezérszállás . After 1918 the two villages got back their former names. Mount Bovcar (today Bovtsars'kyy Verkh in present-day Ukraine ) and
1105-701: The "vezérlő fejedelem" – (ruling) prince – of the Confederated Estates of the Kingdom of Hungary, to be assisted by a 24-member Senate . Rákóczi and the Senate were assigned joint responsibility for the conduct of foreign affairs, including peace talks. Encouraged by England and the Netherlands , peace talks started again on 27 October 1705 between the Hungarians and the Emperor. Both sides varied their strategy according to
1170-835: The Channel to France, landing in Dieppe on 13 January 1713. On 27 April he handed a memorandum to Louis XIV reminding him of his past services to France and asking him not to forget Hungary during the coming peace negotiations for the War of the Spanish Succession . But neither the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 nor the Treaty of Rastatt in 1714 made any mention of Hungary or Rákóczi. No provisions were even made to allow Rákóczi's two sons, who were kept under surveillance in Vienna, to rejoin their father. Prince Rákóczi, although not recognized officially by France,
1235-589: The Danube at Budapest is named Rákóczi Bridge after him. In Hungary two villages bear the name of Rákóczi. Rákóczifalva in Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County was established in 1883 on the former estate of Rákóczi where the Prince had a hunting lodge. The neighbouring Rákócziújfalu became an independent village in 1950 (before that it was part of Rákóczifalva). The village of Zavadka , today in Ukraine next to
1300-881: The Emperor, as well as the freedom to move to Poland if he wanted to leave the Kingdom of Hungary. He did not accept these conditions, doubting the honesty of the Habsburg court, and he did not even recognize the legality of the Peace Treaty, as it had been signed after the death of the Emperor Joseph I on 17 April 1711, which terminated the plenipotential authority of János Pálffy. Subsequently, his Hungarian properties, Munkács and its castle, Szentmiklós (today Palanok Castle , Mukacheve and Chynadiyovo , Ukraine ) and 200 villages were confiscated (and, in 1726, given by Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor to Elector-Archbishop Lothar Franz von Schönborn who had helped to defeat Rákóczi). Rákóczi
1365-739: The Emperor. In 1707 during the Great Northern War he was one of the candidates to the throne of Poland , supported by Elżbieta Sieniawska . On Rákóczi's recommendation, and with Bercsényi's support, another meeting of the Diet held at Ónod ( Borsod county) declared the deposition of the House of Habsburg from the Hungarian throne on 13 June 1707. But neither this act, nor the copper currency issued to avoid monetary inflation , were successful. Louis XIV refused to enter into treaties with Prince Rákóczi, leaving
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#17328445894351430-629: The French court. Three years later, the War of the Spanish Succession caused a large part of the Austrian forces in the Kingdom of Hungary to temporarily leave the country. Taking advantage of the situation, Kuruc forces began a new uprising in Munkács, and Rákóczi was asked to head it. He decided to invest his energies in a war of national liberation, and accepted the request. On 15 June 1703, another group of about 3000 armed men headed by Tamás Esze joined him near
1495-409: The Hungarian parliament offered Rákóczi the royal crown, he refused it, choosing instead the temporary title of the "Ruling Prince of Hungary". Rákóczi intended to bear this military-sounding title only during the anti-Habsburg war of independence. By refusing the royal crown, he proclaimed to Hungary that it was not his personal ambition that drove the war of liberation against the Habsburg dynasty. He
1560-477: The Hungarians without allies. There remained the possibility of an alliance with Imperial Russia , but this did not materialize either. At the Battle of Trencsén (German: Trentschin , Latin: Trentsinium , Comitatus Trentsiniensis , today Trenčín in Slovakia ), on 3 August 1708 Rákóczi's horse stumbled, and he fell to the ground, which knocked him unconscious. The Kuruc forces thought him dead and fled. This defeat
1625-450: The Ottomans, and to be able of repelling the eventual attacks, the fortifications are enlarged again between 1661 and 1666, as well as a German garrison with artillery being assigned. However, after a series of attacks, the city is burned and suffers grave damage, but is eventually rebuilt by the year 1678. The city will once again come under fire during Francis II Rákóczi's uprising , and
1690-581: The Polish city of Ławoczne . Bercsényi arrived too, with French funds and 600 Polish mercenaries. Most of the Hungarian nobility did not support Rákóczi's uprising, because they considered it to be no more than a peasant rebellion. Rákóczi's famous call to the nobility of Szabolcs County seemed to be in vain. He did manage to convince the Hajduk (Hungarian soldiers) (emancipated peasant warriors) to join his forces, so his forces controlled most of Kingdom of Hungary to
1755-695: The Prince." Rákóczi lived in the Turkish town of Tekirdağ for 18 years. He adopted a set routine: rising early, attending daily Mass, writing and reading in the mornings, and carpentry in the afternoons; visited occasionally by his son, György Rákóczi. Further military troubles in 1733 in Poland awakened his hopes of a possible return to Hungary, but they were not fulfilled. Rákóczi was 59 years old when he died on 8 April 1735. Rákóczi's last will, dated 27 October 1733, left something to all his family members as well as to his fellow exiles. He left separate letters to be sent to
1820-529: The Romanian Armed Forces . Although between 1760 and 1920 the town was the seat of Szatmár County , the industrial development was not significant and it basically preserved its agricultural specificity until about 1960. In 1926 Carei was attached to Sălaj County . After 1950, Carei was included in the Baia Mare Region , while after 1968, along with the administrative-territorial reorganization of
1885-400: The Spanish Succession, but also prevented the union of Rákóczi's forces with their French-Bavarian allies. This placed Rákóczi into a difficult military and financial situation. French support gradually diminished, and a larger army was needed to occupy the already-won land. Meanwhile, supplying the current army with arms and food was beyond his means. He tried to solve this problem by creating
1950-704: The Sultan and to France’s Ambassador to Constantinople, asking them not to forget about his fellow exiles. His internal organs were buried in the Greek church of Rodosto , while his heart was sent to France. After obtaining the permission of the Turkish authorities, Rákóczi's body was taken by his faithful chamberlain Kelemen Mikes to Constantinople on 6 July 1735 for burial in Saint-Benoît (then Jesuit) French church in Galata , where he
2015-515: The attention of the Emperor. As a direct result of this, Rákóczi was arrested on 18 April 1700, and imprisoned in the fortress of Wiener Neustadt (south of Vienna). It became obvious during the preliminary hearings that, just as in the case of his grandfather Péter Zrínyi , the only possible sentence for Ferenc was death. With the aid of his pregnant wife Amelia and the prison commander, Rákóczi managed to escape and flee to Poland . Here he met with Bercsényi again, and together they resumed contact with
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2080-475: The city is the birthplace of Gáspár Károli , who is the first person to translate the Bible into Hungarian in 1586. In 1592, the baron, Mihály Károlyi, further expands the fortifications of the city, these being made out of predominantly dirt. However, after an Ottoman response, the city is forced to keep paying tribute. Thanks to its strategic position, the city becomes part of a series of fortifications built against
2145-524: The city will be depopulated and left impoverished. The city will have a resurgence after Treaty of Szatmár is signed and the Károlyi family is elevated to the status of counts. Count Alexander Karolyi , shortly after the war, begins colonizing the region with Swabians , inviting 124 families from Württemberg. Eventually Slovaks , Jews , and Rusyns also get settled in the regions. The colonization efforts become more significant during Francis Károlyi tenure, an additional 132 families are settled in 1762, with
2210-489: The city without the Emperor's permission. At the age of 17, the Emperor emancipated Rákóczi from his mother, thereby allowing him to own property. His sister Julianna had interceded for him after marrying a powerful Austrian, General Aspremont. Rákóczi lived with the Aspremonts until his marriage in September 1694, to 15-year-old Princess Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Wanfried , daughter of Charles, Landgrave of Hesse-Wanfried and
2275-525: The country, it returned to Satu Mare County . Until World War II, the industry of the town consisted of mills, the oil factory Ardealul , a station for collecting and fermenting tobacco, and some small workshops. During the Communist period , Carei gradually turned into an industrial town. The most important historical building in the city is the Károlyi Castle [ ro ] . Built originally as
2340-474: The county seat, Satu-Mare . Communes that are near Carei include Căpleni , Urziceni , Foieni , Sanislău , Petrești , Tiream , Căuaș , and Moftin . The first mention of the city under the name of "Karul" dates from 1320, and as "Károly" in 1325, however, the city is known to have existed since 1264, as it was the domain of the Kaplony clan and the center of the Károlyi family's personal domain that settled in
2405-571: The crown of Hungary, the Karolyi family initially sides with Zápolya, and Ferdinand confiscates their holdings in 1558, however, he reinstates them to power later. By 1554, the city was converted to Protestantism, and by 1567 it adhered to the Calvinist faith. In 1590, a synod takes place in the city, protesting the adoption of the Gregorian calendar in Hungary. Additional synods take place in 1591 and 1594, and
2470-552: The east and north of the Danube by late September 1703. He continued by conquering Transdanubia soon after. Since the Austrians had to fight Rákóczi on several fronts, they felt obliged to enter negotiations with him. However, the victory of Austrian and British forces against a combined French-Bavarian army in the Battle of Blenheim on 13 August 1704, provided an advantage not only in the War of
2535-454: The end of World War II , however, the city was taken back from Hungarian and German troops by Romanian and Soviet forces on 25 October 1944, during the Battle of Carei . In memory of this battle, the "Monument of the Romanian Soldier" was erected in the center of Carei; inaugurated in 1964, it is the work of the sculptor Gheza Vida . The 25th of October has been celebrated since 1959 as the Day of
2600-460: The family, and János Badinyi. Zrínyi's second husband, Imre Thököly , took little interest in Rákóczi's education, as he was by then heavily involved in politics. However, the failure of the Turks to capture the Habsburg capital in the Battle of Vienna in 1683 frustrated Thököly's plans to become King of Upper Hungary . When the Turks began to grow suspicious of his intentions, Thököly proposed sending
2665-570: The fight against the Habsburgs was not under serious consideration. The Ottoman Empire signed the Peace Treaty of Passarowitz with Austria on 21 July 1718. Among its provisions was the refusal of the Turks to extradite the exiled Hungarians. Two years later, the Austrian envoy requested that the exiles be turned over, but the Sultan refused as a matter of honor. Rákóczi and his entourage were settled in
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2730-604: The following decades, due to fears of an Ottoman attack, the residence will gradually get transformed into a fortification outfitted with a moat, four corner bastions and shooting niches for cannons. After the Battle of Mohács in 1526, the town falls under the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom , a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire, and in the ensuing struggle between the Habsburg Ferdinand I and John Zápolya for
2795-570: The great Millennium Monument on Heroes' Square was purged of statues of the Habsburg kings of Hungary, the best Hungarian sculptor of the period, Zsigmond Kisfaludi Strobl , made a new statue of Rákóczi instead of King Lipót II . It was erected in 1953 together with a relief on the base depicting the meeting of Rákóczy and Tamás Esze . There are 11 Rákóczi streets and 3 Rákóczi squares in Budapest (see: Public place names of Budapest ), including one of
2860-421: The majority of the city was destroyed the next year during a great fire, which destroyed 350 houses. The city was hit by a similar great fire on 6 May 1887, causing similar damage to the fire from 1835. The rebuilding of the houses and the organizing of the streets were done according to the planning regulations adopted by the town's council, and they still define the physiognomy of the city's center today. In 1871,
2925-504: The military situation. One stumbling block was the sovereignty over Transylvania – neither side was prepared to give it up. Rákóczi's proposed treaty with the French was stalled, so he became convinced that only a declaration of independence would make it acceptable for various powers to negotiate with him. In 1706, his wife (whom he had not seen in 5 years, along with their sons József and György) and his sister were both sent as peace ambassadors, but Rákóczi rejected their efforts on behalf of
2990-547: The most prominent avenues, named Rákóczi út ("Rákóczi Avenue"), forming the boundary between Districts VII and VIII. The street was named after him on 28 October 1906 when his remains were brought back to Hungary from Turkey and a long funeral march went along the street to the Eastern Railway Station . Rákóczi tér , 'Rákóczi Square', in District VIII, was also named after him in 1874. A bridge on
3055-559: The neighbouring Bovcar Spring was named by the local Rusyn people after Rákóczi who drank from the spring on 18 February 1711. Bovcar ( Бовцар ) means "the Tsar was here" in Rusyn language . The library of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county in Miskolc ( II. Rákóczi Ferenc Megyei Könyvtár ) is named after him. The house in which he lived has been transformed into Rákóczi Museum, Tekirdağ , open to
3120-442: The railway connecting Carei to Satu Mare and Debrecen was opened, and it was further expanded in 1887 with the line Tășnad - Sărmășag - Zalău , and in 1905 the railway towards Mátészalka was built. Over the course of the 19th century, the colonized families started adopting the Hungarian language but kept their religion, differentiating them from the reformed majority of the county. In 1845, with help from count György Károlyi,
3185-432: The region shortly after the arrival of the Hungarians . The name of the city comes from the word "karul" (in modern Hungarian "karvaly"). The etymology of the word can be traced back to the ancient Turkish language, the word meaning sparrow . Another theory is that the city was named after the Károlyi family. King Louis I of Hungary permitted the organization of weekly market gatherings on Saturdays in Carei in 1346, as
3250-479: The total number reaching an estimated 466 Swabian families, forming two districts in the town. Effects on cultural and social life began to show: in 1727 the Piarist Gymnasium was established, in 1754 the first typography was built, and in 1756 a pharmacy was opened. In 1780, the city became the seat of Szatmár County , and in 1828 the population reached 11,000. The town was hit by an earthquake in 1834, and
3315-585: The town of Tekirdağ (Rodostó in Hungarian ), relatively distant from the Ottoman capital , and a large Hungarian colony grew up around this town on the Sea of Marmara . Bercsényi, Count Simon Forgách, Count Antal Esterházy, Count Mihály Csáky, Miklós Sibrik, Zsigmond Zay, the two Pápays, and Colonel Ádám Jávorka were among many who settled there, sharing the sentiment of the writer Kelemen Mikes , who said, "I had no special reason to leave my country, except that I greatly loved
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#17328445894353380-410: The visitors every day except Mondays. Rákóczi's portrait can be found on Hungarian banknotes. Before it was withdrawn from circulation, it was on the 50- forint note. Since then it has been transferred to the 500-forint note. A well-known patriotic tune of the 18th–19th centuries (composer unknown) is named after Rákóczi, as it was reputed to be his favourite, although actually it was composed only in
3445-402: The writer József von Gaal [ de ] , until the 1920s, when it was renamed Teatrul Carmen Sylva. After 1945 it was renamed again, to Teatrul Popular. In 1953, the theater received a complete overhaul and it was "modernized" both inside and outside. The " Vasile Lucaciu " school became a Romanian high-school in 1919. Prior to that, it was a Hungarian high-school. Nowadays it serves as
3510-488: The young Rákóczi to Constantinople as a guarantee of his goodwill. But Rákóczi's mother opposed this plan, not wishing to be separated from her son. In 1686 Antonio Carafa besieged their residence, the castle of Munkács. Zrínyi successfully led the defence of the castle for three years, but capitulated in 1688. The two Rákóczi children fell again under the guardianship of Leopold I , and moved to Vienna with their mother. They regained their possessions, but could not leave
3575-1232: Was a Hungarian nobleman and leader of the Rákóczi's War of Independence against the Habsburgs in 1703–1711 as the prince ( Hungarian : fejedelem ) of the Estates Confederated for Liberty of the Kingdom of Hungary . He was also Prince of Transylvania , an Imperial Prince, and a member of the Order of the Golden Fleece . Today he is considered a national hero in Hungary . His name is historically also spelled Rákóczy , in Hungarian : II. Rákóczi Ferenc , in Slovak : František II. Rákoci , in German: Franz II. Rákóczi , in Croatian : Franjo II. Rákóczy ( Rakoci , Rakoczy ), in Romanian : Francisc Rákóczi al II-lea , in Serbian : Ференц II Ракоци . Although
3640-478: Was a highly educated man, the third richest man in the kingdom (after Rákóczi and Simon Forgách ), and was related to most of the Hungarian aristocracy. As the House of Habsburg was on the verge of dying out in Spain, France was looking for allies in its fight against Austrian hegemony. Consequently, they established contact with Rákóczi and promised support if he took up the cause of Hungarian independence. An Austrian spy seized this correspondence and brought it to
3705-465: Was able to raise her children, while the Emperor retained legal guardianship. The family lived in the castle of Munkács (today Mukacheve , in Ukraine ), Sárospatak and Regéc until 1680, when Ferenc's paternal grandmother, Sofia Báthory , died. Then, they moved permanently into the castle of Munkács. Rákóczi retained strong affection for this place throughout his life. Aside from his mother, Rákóczi's key educators were György Kőrössy , castellan to
3770-455: Was built between 1910 and 1912. During World War II the train station was heavily bombarded, but the damage it suffered was rapidly repaired. According to the 2021 census , Carei had a population of 18,957, marking a decrease from the figure recorded at the 2011 census (20,775 inhabitants). Ethnic composition of Carei (2021) Religious composition of Carei (2021) Carei
3835-586: Was buried, according to his last wishes, next to his mother Ilona Zrínyi. His remains were moved on 29 October 1906 to the St. Elisabeth Cathedral in Kassa , Hungary (today Košice, Slovakia ), where he is buried with his mother Ilona and his son. On 26 September 1694 in Cologne , he married Landgravine Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Wanfried , member of the Hesse-Wanfried branch of the House of Hesse , eldest daughter of Charles, Landgrave of Hesse-Wanfried by his second wife, Countess Alexandrine Juliane of Leiningen-Dagsburg (1651-1703). They had: Francis II
3900-424: Was fatal for the uprising. Numerous Kuruc leaders transferred their allegiance to the Emperor, hoping for clemency. Rákóczi's forces became restricted to the area around Munkács and Szabolcs County . Not trusting the word of János Pálffy, who was the Emperor's envoy charged with negotiations with the rebels, the Prince left the Kingdom of Hungary for Poland on 21 February 1711. In Rákóczi's absence, Sándor Károlyi
3965-421: Was introduced in the city, and until 1914, multiple elementary and general schools were opened, the most renowned being the Piarist school, today known as Școală Gimnazială Vasile Lucaciu (the Vasile Lucaciu school). In 1910, the train station was built, and it still exists today. After the collapse of Austria-Hungary at the end of World War I , and the declaration of the Union of Transylvania with Romania ,
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#17328445894354030-408: Was much in favour in the French court. But after the death of Louis XIV on 1 September 1715, he decided to accept the invitation of the Ottoman Empire (still at war with the Habsburgs) to move there. He left France in September 1717, with an entourage of 40 people. and landed at Gallipoli on 10 October 1717. He was received with honors, but his desire to head up a separate Christian army to help in
4095-438: Was named Commander-in-Chief of the Hungarian forces, and quickly negotiated a peace agreement with János Pálffy . Under its provisions, 12,000 rebels laid down their arms, handed over their flags and took an oath of allegiance to the Emperor on 1 May 1711 in the fields outside Majtény , in Szatmár county. The Peace of Szatmár did not treat Rákóczi particularly badly. He was assured clemency if he took an oath of allegiance to
4160-428: Was offered the Polish Crown twice, supported by Tsar Peter I of Russia . He turned the offers down, though, and remained in Poland until 1712, where he was the honored guest of the Polish aristocracy. For a while he lived in Gdańsk under the pseudonym of Count of Sáros . He left Gdańsk on 16 November 1712, and went to England, where Queen Anne , pressured by the Habsburgs, refused to receive him. Rákóczi then crossed
4225-563: Was the richest landlord in the Kingdom of Hungary and the count ( comes perpetuus ) of the Comitatus Sarossiensis (in Hungarian Sáros ), now in northeastern Slovakia , from 1694 on. He was the third of three children born to Francis I Rákóczi , elected ruling prince of Transylvania , and Ilona Zrínyi , who was the daughter of Petar Zrinski , Ban of Croatia , and niece of Petar's older brother, Miklós Zrínyi . His paternal grandfather George Rákóczi II and great-grandfather George I Rákóczi were also princes of Transylvania . He had
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