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24-804: The formation was deposited in the Galve Sub-basin of the Maestrazgo Basin in central-eastern Spain. During deposition, Iberia was an island, separated by seas from North Africa and France. Underlying the Camarillas Formation is the also highly fossiliferous El Castellar Formation and the Artoles Formation rests on top of the formation. The Camarillas Formation has provided a rich fossil assemblage of fossils of mammals , snakes , turtles , crocodylians , fish , dinosaurs and their eggs . Various tracksites of families of dinosaurs exist in

48-460: A tectonic plate world map. For purposes of this list, a microplate is any plate with an area less than 1 million km . Some models identify more minor plates within current orogens (events that lead to a large structural deformation of Earth's lithosphere ) like the Apulian, Explorer, Gorda, and Philippine Mobile Belt plates. The latest studies have shown that microplates are the basic elements of which

72-597: A well developed deltaic system. The formation spreads across the Camarillas graben and the Remenderuelas half-graben . The Camarillas Formation has provided a rich fossil assemblage comprising dinosaurs , crocodiles , snakes , turtles , fish and mammals . Several new species were described from the formation, among others the mammals Galveodon nannothus , Eobaatar hispanicus , Crusafontia cuencana , Lavocatia alfambrensis and Parendotherium herreroi ,

96-418: Is a list of ancient cratons , microplates , plates , and terranes which no longer exist as separate plates. Cratons are the oldest and most stable parts of the continental lithosphere, and shields are exposed parts of them. Terranes are fragments of crustal material formed on one tectonic plate and accreted to crust lying on another plate, which may or may not have originated as independent microplates:

120-748: Is mostly buried by Mesozoic and Tertiary cover rocks to the east, but nevertheless outcrops through the Iberian Chain and the Catalan Coastal Ranges. List of tectonic plates#Microplates This is a list of tectonic plates on Earth's surface . Tectonic plates are pieces of Earth's crust and uppermost mantle , together referred to as the lithosphere . The plates are around 100 km (62 mi) thick and consist of two principal types of material: oceanic crust (also called sima from silicon and magnesium ) and continental crust ( sial from silicon and aluminium ). The composition of

144-536: Is similar to that described in the Galve area, because the Camarillas Formation shows scarcely any lateral variations in facies within the Galve Sub-basin. The Camarillas Formation sandstone is fluviatile, and four groups of paleochannels are distinguished, the first towards the bottom of the succession. These channels become thinner towards the top, and this was interpreted by Díaz and Yébenes (1987) as evidence that there

168-842: The Bay of Biscay started opening around 126 Ma and completed by 85 Ma. This created the Biscay Abyssal Plain , and parted the Iberian plate from the Trevelyan Escarpment . During this time Iberia rotated anticlockwise relative to Eurasia. This caused the subduction of the Ligurian Basin onto the eastern side. This formed the Betic nappe stack . After 85 Ma the Atlantic Ocean opening started between Ireland and Greenland . This left

192-565: The Gondwana continent, involving the collisions and accretion of the island arcs of the central Iberian plate , Ossa-Morena plate , South Portuguese plate . The three plates have never separated substantially from each other since that time. In the Mesozoic, Late Jurassic Africa started moving east, and the Alpine Tethys opened. Subsidence related to this caused deep deposits of sediments on

216-779: The microcontinent Iberia , Corsica , Sardinia , the Balearic Islands , the Briançonnais zone of the Penninic nappes of the Alps , and the portion of Morocco north of the High Atlas Mountains . The Iberian plate is a part of the Eurasian plate. The Iberian plate came into existence during the Cadomian Orogeny of the late Neoproterozoic, about 650–550  Ma , on the margin of

240-599: The Bay of Biscay as a failed rift. The rotation of Iberia and its relation to the formation of the Pyrenees has been difficult to decipher with certainty. Detailed aeromagnetic measurements from the sea floor offshore of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland show that Iberia moved as part of the African plate from late Cretaceous to mid- Eocene time, with a plate boundary extending westward from

264-577: The Bay of Biscay. When motion along this boundary ceased, a boundary linking extension in the Kings Trough to compression along the Pyrenees came into existence. Since the late Oligocene , the Iberian plate has been moving as part of the Eurasian plate, with the boundary between Eurasia and Africa situated along the Azores–Gibraltar fracture zone . Continued rotation of the Iberian plate in

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288-548: The Galve Sub-basin. Finally, during the Early Cretaceous and Oligocene–Miocene there were compressive phases with tectonic inversion and formation of continental basins. Camarillas Formation, in beds of similar age to the La Maca outcrop in the Galve area where the remains of an iguanodontid dinosaur have been found. The Camarillas fossil site is in light brown clay and limestone rocks with fossil wood remains. The sedimentology

312-697: The Iberian Peninsula consists of a Hercynian cratonic block known as the Iberian Massif. On the northeast this is bounded by The Pyrenean fold belt , and on the southeast it is bounded by the Betic Foldchain . These twofold chains are part of the Alpine belt . To the west, the peninsula is delimited by the continental boundary formed by the magma poor opening of the Atlantic Ocean . The Hercynian Foldbelt

336-657: The bulk of the continents and the Pacific Ocean . For purposes of this list, a major plate is any plate with an area greater than 20 million km (7.7 million sq mi) These smaller plates are often not shown on major plate maps, as the majority of them do not comprise significant land area. For purposes of this list, a minor plate is any plate with an area less than 20 million km (7.7 million sq mi) but greater than 1 million km (0.39 million sq mi). These plates are often grouped with an adjacent principal plate on

360-420: The crust is composed and that the larger plates are composed of amalgamations of these, and a subdivision of ca. 1200 smaller plates has come forward. In the history of Earth, many tectonic plates have come into existence and have over the intervening years either accreted onto other plates to form larger plates, rifted into smaller plates, or have been crushed by or subducted under other plates. The following

384-856: The early Miocene once again separated the Iberian plate from Eurasia opening the Betic Corridor , a strait of water connecting the Mediterranean Sea with the Atlantic Ocean . As the Iberian plate rotated, it closed the Betic Corridor approximately 5.96 million years ago during the Messinian period of the Miocene, precipitating the Messinian Salinity Crisis , a period when the Mediterranean Sea evaporated partly or completely. The core of

408-484: The east and some sediment remnants in pop downs in central parts of Spain. Two stages of rifting occurred in the east, one from Later Permian to Triassic, and the second from Late Jurassic to early Cretaceous. On the south side deposits of carbonates and clastic sediments formed a shelf in shallow water during late Triassic and Liassic times. This was rifted in Toarcian times (Early Jurassic 190 Ma). Active rifting

432-676: The formation. Dinosaur remains have been recovered from the formation. The Camarillas Formation was first formally defined by Canérot et al. in 1982 and later redefined by Salas (1987). Both Camarillas and Galve are in the Galve Sub-basin, a section of the Aliaga Basin , in the Iberian Range. All these basins were formed during the Permian–Triassic, when the main faults were active, and they are filled with Mesozoic–Quaternary sediments. The Upper Permian to Upper Jurassic deposits at

456-567: The site of the Camarillas Formation are all of continental origin. In a second extensional stage during the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, the Atlantic and the Bay of Biscay opened, and the Iberian Peninsula rotated from left to right. At this time, the sediments were marine or showed the influence of the sea, as shown in the deposits of the Higuerueles and Villar del Arzobispo Formations in

480-481: The turtle Galvechelone lopezmartinezae and the crocodyliform Bernissartia fagesii . Newly described dinosaurs include Iguanodon galvensis , Gideonmantellia amosanjuanae and Camarillasaurus cirugedae , named after the formation. The following fossils are reported from the formation: Iberian plate The Iberian plate is a microplate typically grouped with the Eurasian plate that includes

504-541: The two types of crust differs markedly, with mafic basaltic rocks dominating oceanic crust, while continental crust consists principally of lower- density felsic granitic rocks. Geologists generally agree that the following tectonic plates currently exist on Earth's surface with roughly definable boundaries. Tectonic plates are sometimes subdivided into three fairly arbitrary categories: major (or primary ) plates , minor (or secondary ) plates , and microplates (or tertiary plates ). These plates comprise

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528-420: The west coast of Portugal and Spain, formed 126 Ma. This separated Newfoundland 's Grand Banks , with Galicia Bank and Flemish Cap being split at 118 Ma. By Early Cretaceous , 110 Ma rifting occurs on west and north west edges. During the time of the supercontinent Pangea , the Iberian plate was joined to Armorica (Northern France). During the break-up of Pangea, in the early Cretaceous,

552-401: Was an alluvial fan with a multichannel system. The lithology of the deposits which fill these channels and their geometry are typical of low-sinuosity channels. Towards the top of the Camarillas Formation, there is a predominance of deltaic fan deposits with marked marine influence. Nevertheless, Soria (1997) mentioned that she found no facies association whose evolution and geometry suggested

576-402: Was complete by 160 Ma. After this thermal subsidence occurred till the end of Cretaceous. During this time rifting separated North America from Africa forming a transform zone. In the late Triassic and early Jurassic there were two stages of rifting involving extension and subsidence on the western margin of Iberia. It also extended the western margin. The Iberian Abyssal Plain , off

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