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25-506: The Holy Hermitage and Monastery of Camaldoli is situated in an ancient forest in the Tuscan Apennines. It was founded about 1012 by Saint Romuald , a Benedictine monk, with the permission of Tedald, Bishop of Arezzo . In the monastery of Camaldoli there is a welcoming room, a great hall, and an old style pharmacy. The pharmacy was originally a laboratory where monks studied and worked with medicinal herbs. These medicines would be used in

50-475: A bishopric about 304, under Saint Satyrus . Saint Donatus , his successor, is patron of Arezzo Cathedral , also dedicated to Saint Peter the Apostle . The diocese was originally very large, embracing most of southeastern Tuscany. In 1325, however, Pope John XXII created the diocese of Cortona out of the territory of Arezzo. In 1462, Pius II created the dioceses of Pienza and Montalcino. In 1561, Pius IV created

75-571: A certain Maldolus, who had seen a vision of monks in white garments ascending into Heaven, gave him some land, afterwards known as the Campus Maldoli, or Camaldoli . St. Romuald built on this land five cells for hermits, which, with the monastery at Fontebuono, built two years later, became the famous mother-house of the Camaldolese Order. Romuald's daunting charisma awed Rainier of Tuscany , who

100-543: A relative in a duel over property. Romuald was devastated, and went to the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe to do 40 days of penance. After some indecision, Romuald became a monk there. San Apollinare had recently been reformed by St. Mayeul of Cluny Abbey , but still was not strict enough in its observance to satisfy Romuald. His injudicious correction of the less zealous aroused such enmity against him that he applied for, and

125-534: A third Christian tradition, that of the Iberian Peninsula . Romuald was able to integrate these different traditions and establish his own monastic order. The admonition in his rule Empty yourself completely and sit waiting places him in relation to the long Christian history of intellectual stillness and interior passivity in meditation also reflected in the nearly contemporary Byzantine ascetic practice known as Hesychasm . Sit in your cell as in paradise. Put

150-474: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Romuald of Camaldoli Romuald ( Latin : Romualdus ; c. 951 – traditionally 19 June, c. 1025/27 AD) was the founder of the Camaldolese order and a major figure in the eleventh-century "Renaissance of eremitical asceticism ". Romuald spent about 30 years traversing Italy, founding and reforming monasteries and hermitages. According to

175-646: Is the more ancient part of the foundation. It was personally established by St. Romuald and has served as the heart of both the community and the order, which bears the location's name. An important document of Political Catholicism in Italy, the Codice di Camaldoli , was drafted in the monastery in July, 1943. On the medieval development, see: 43°47′N 11°49′E  /  43.783°N 11.817°E  / 43.783; 11.817 This Province of Arezzo location article

200-502: The vita by Peter Damian , written about fifteen years after Romuald's death, Romuald was born in Ravenna , in northeastern Italy, to the aristocratic Onesti family. His father was Sergius degli Onesti and his mother was Traversara Traversari . As a youth, according to early accounts, Romuald indulged in the pleasures and sins of the world common to a tenth-century nobleman. At the age of twenty he served as second to his father, who killed

225-527: The diocese of Sansepolcro , the enlarged diocese being suffragan of the archdiocese of Florence . Arezzo was the see of a diocese in Tuscany , directly dependent on the Holy See . Tradition says it was converted in the 1st century by Romulus of Fiesole , afterwards Bishop of Fiesole , a disciple of St. Paul. Another foundation tale has it that Christianity was brought to Arezzo by S. Barnabas, and by S. Timothy,

250-419: The cathedral singers in the plainchant . He dedicated his book Micrologus to Bishop Thedaldus c. 1025. A letter of Guido to Bishop Theodaldus survives, in which he explains his methodology. Between 1480 and 1485, Luca Pacioli , O.Min., a native of Borgo San Sepolcro, which is a distance of 16 miles (25 km) from Arezzo, visited the site, and described it as "utterly stunning." While Cardinal Guadagni

275-752: The diocese of Montepulciano. In 1515 (1520), Leo X created the diocese of Borgo San Sepolcro. The Canons were gathered together as a corporation by Bishop Petrus, c. 840, on instructions from the Emperor Lothair. Bishop Helmpertus built new quarters for them in 1009. In 1677, the cathedral Chapter was composed of four dignities (the Provost, the Archdeacon, the Dean, and the Primicerius) and fourteen Canons. Bishop Theodaldus (1023–1036?) invited Guido of Arezzo to train

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300-554: The diocese, and on certain specified feasts and holy days) and the patriarchal cross . On 18 February 1984, the Vatican and the Italian State signed a new and revised concordat . Based on the revisions, a set of Normae was issued by the Vatican on 15 November 1984, which was accompanied in the next year, on 3 June 1985, by enabling legislation. According to the agreement, the practice of having one bishop govern two separate dioceses at

325-546: The dioceses of Arezzo, Cortona, and San Sepolcro be merged into one diocese with one bishop, with the Latin title Dioecesis Arretina-Cortonensis-Biturgensis . The seat of the diocese was to be in Arezzo, and the cathedral of Arezzo was to serve as the cathedral of the merged diocese. The cathedrals in Cortona and San Sepolcro were to become co-cathedrals, and their cathedral Chapters were to be

350-408: The disciple of S. Paul. An equally implausible claim is that all of Arezzo was baptized during the episcopacy of Bishop Dicentius in the 5th century. The city's clerks often helped build the church in their own free time. The church helped reward these people with seats of Cardinals. Many of the seats are still there with the names of people who had helped build and donated to the church. It became

375-472: The eremitic and cenobitic aspects of monastic life. Roman Catholic Diocese of Arezzo-Cortona-Sansepolcro The Diocese of Arezzo-Cortona-Sansepolcro ( Latin : Dioecesis Arretina-Cortonensis-Biturgensis seu Burgi Sancti Sepulchri ) is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church . It has existed since 1986. In that year the historic diocese of Arezzo was combined with the diocese of Cortona and

400-491: The habit of St. Benedict , while Romuald and Marinus erected a hermitage close to the monastery. Romuald lived there for about ten years, taking advantage of the library of Cuxa to refine his ideas regarding monasticism. After that he spent the next 30 years going about Italy, founding and reforming monasteries and hermitages. His reputation being known to advisors of the Holy Roman Emperor Otto III , Romuald

425-496: The old hospital which can still be visited today. The precious walnut decor dates back to 1543. The church, meanwhile, was constructed in the Baroque style and contains works by Giorgio Vasari . It was established to deal with the ever-growing number of pilgrims - drawn by good reports of the monks, and for reflection in the middle of the forest. A few kilometers farther up the mountain is the "Sacred Hermitage ," or Sacro Eremo which

450-421: The same time, aeque personaliter , was abolished. Instead, the Vatican continued consultations which had begun under Pope John XXIII for the merging of small dioceses, especially those with personnel and financial problems, into one combined diocese. In Tuscany, this particularly affected three dioceses: Arezzo, Cortona, and Borgo San Sepolcro (Biturgensis). On 30 September 1986, Pope John Paul II ordered that

475-579: The transfer of his relics to Fabriano in 1481, and in 1969 it was moved back to the day of his death. In his youth Romuald became acquainted with three major schools of western monastic tradition. Sant'Apollinare in Classe was a traditional Benedictine monastery under the influence of the Cluniac Reforms . Marinus followed a much harsher, ascetic and solitary lifestyle, which was originally of Irish eremitic origins. The abbot of Sant Miguel de Cuxa, Guarinus, had also begun reforms but mainly built upon

500-515: The whole world behind you and forget it. Watch your thoughts like a good fisherman watching for fish. The path you must follow is in the Psalms — never leave it. If you have just come to the monastery, and in spite of your good will you cannot accomplish what you want, take every opportunity you can to sing the Psalms in your heart and to understand them with your mind. And if your mind wanders as you read, do not give up; hurry back and apply your mind to

525-450: The words once more. Archbishop Cosmo Francesco Ruppi noted that, "Interiorization of the spiritual dimension, the primacy of solitude and contemplation, slow penetration of the Word of God and calm meditation on the Psalms are the pillars of Camaldolese spirituality, which St. Romuald gives as the essential core of his Rule." Romuald's reforms provided a structural context to accommodate both

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550-465: Was Bishop of Arezzo, he was able to obtain from his uncle, Pope Clement XII , a number of privileges for himself and Arezzo. In the bull "Insignes Ecclesias" of 1 November 1737, Pope Clement lauded the antiquity, faithfulness, and prestige of the diocese as a direct subject of the Roman Church, and conceded to its bishop in perpetuo archiepiscopal insignia, the pallium (which could only be worn inside

575-458: Was neither able to face Romuald nor to send him away. Romuald founded several other monasteries, including the monastery of Val di Castro, where he died in 1027. Romuald's feast day was not included in the Tridentine calendar . It was added in 1594 for celebration on 19 June, the date of his death, but in the following year it was transferred by Pope Clement VIII to 7 February, the anniversary of

600-448: Was persuaded by him to take the vacant office of abbot at Sant'Apollinare to help bring about a more dedicated way of life there. The monks, however, resisted his reforms, and after a year, Romuald resigned, hurling his abbot's staff at Otto's feet in total frustration. He then again withdrew to the eremitical life. In 1012, he arrived at the Diocese of Arezzo . Here, according to the legend,

625-561: Was readily granted, permission to retire to Venice, where he placed himself under the direction of a hermit named Marinus and lived a life of extraordinary severity. About 978, Pietro I Orseolo , Doge of Venice , who had obtained his office by acquiescence in the murder of his predecessor, began to suffer remorse for his crime. On the advice of Guarinus, Abbot of Saint-Michel-de-Cuxa , in Catalonia , and of Marinus and Romuald, he abandoned his office and relations, and fled to Cuxa, where he took

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