66-467: Calle Real is Spanish for Royal Street, sometimes associated with El Camino Real (California) . Calle Real may refer to: El Camino Real (California) El Camino Real ( Spanish ; literally The Royal Road , sometimes translated as The King's Highway ) is a 600-mile (965-kilometer) commemorative route connecting the 21 Spanish missions in California (formerly the region Alta California in
132-660: A Japanese baseball team, the Yakult Swallows , used the field for spring training from 1995 to 2015. Many local club sports exist in the area as well, including the Yuma Sidewinders Rugby Football Club. The rugby team participates in the Division III Arizona Men's Rugby league , and travels throughout Arizona, California and Nevada, as well as playing home games in Yuma. The city of Yuma operates as
198-604: A charter city under the Charter of the City of Yuma. The elected government of the city is the City Council which follows the mayor–council government system and whose members include: The Mayor of the City of Yuma acts as the chief executive officer of the city, and is elected for a period of four years. The mayor is elected from the city at large. The mayor has the following powers and responsibilities: act as an ex officio chairman of
264-551: A 1959 law. Most of the bells eventually disappeared due to vandalism, theft or simple loss due to the relocation or rerouting of highways and roads. The State took over bell maintenance in 1933. After a reduction in the number of bells to around 80, the State began replacing them, at first with concrete, and later with iron. Justin Kramer took over the production of the bells in 1959. The California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) began
330-542: A coastal water route. While it is sometimes claimed that mission settlements were deliberately spaced approximately 30 miles (48 kilometers) apart to facilitate overland travel via horseback during the Spanish era, this claim is not made in any historical sources and first appeared in 20th-century advertising materials encouraging automobile travel along the route. The missions are in fact spaced at highly variable intervals and do not reflect any particular planning of this kind. It
396-627: A commemorative route which was adopted by the California Federation of Women's Clubs in 1902. In the early twentieth century, organizations and government agencies became interested in creating official designations or commemorations of roads and highways. Given the lack of standardized highway signs at the time, it was decided to place distinctive bells along the route, hung on supports in the form of an 11-foot (3.4 m) high shepherd's crook, also described as "a Franciscan walking stick". The bells were designed by Mrs ASC Forbes , who also owned
462-465: A family was $ 41,588. Males had a median income of $ 35,440 versus $ 27,035 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 18,393. About 14.1% of families and 16.9% of the population were below the poverty line , including 23.4% of those under age 18 and 13.9% of those age 65 or over. High unemployment remains an issue in Yuma. Citing April 2014 data, the Bureau of Labor Statistics ranked Yuma as having
528-460: A hurricane had hit near Yuma was in mid-August 1977, when similar rainfalls were recorded. Snow in Yuma has only been recorded on December 12, 1932, when a light coating of snow covered the city for the first and only time in its history. A few flakes fell in January 1937 and December 1967, mixed with rain. Yuma first appeared on the 1860 U.S. Census as the village of "Arizonia" (Arizona City) in what
594-451: A restoration effort in 1996. Keith Robinson, Principal Landscape Architect at Caltrans developed an El Camino Real restoration program which resulted in the installation of 555 El Camino Real Bell Markers in 2005. The Bell Marker consists of a 460 mm diameter cast metal bell set atop a 75 mm diameter Schedule 40 pipe column that is attached to a concrete foundation using anchor rods. The original 1906 bell molds were used to fabricate
660-466: A restoration project as part of CalTrans " Adopt-a-Highway " program. Permits issued by Caltrans for installations along state routes have detailed specifications on how the bell should be set up for safety and legal considerations. For some indigenous populations, the bells are painful symbols of the dehumanization of their ancestors, together with the domination and erasure of their culture. The Amah Mutsun tribal band shared with local authorities how
726-569: Is also the Yuma Proving Ground , an Army base that tests new military equipment. Yuma Proving Ground is also home to the Special Operations Free Fall School, which provides training in free-fall parachute operations to Special Forces units in all branches of service, as well as those of other nations. The Colorado River runs along the north and west side of town, serving as the border between Arizona and California. Yuma
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#1732855344894792-480: Is also traditionally claimed that the padres sprinkled mustard seeds along the trail to mark the windings of the trail's northward progress with bright yellow flowers, creating a golden trail stretching from San Diego to Sonoma, although this legend remains unverified. Valuable seeds were brought to California also marking the Camino Real de Tierra Adentro with trees for different uses. For example, ash trees were
858-553: Is an important station for trucking industry movement of goods between California, Arizona and Mexico. The Rialto movie theater once owned a Kilgen pipe organ, one of the most expensive pipe organs to have been made. Originally played as accompaniment to silent films, it has been moved to the Yuma Theatre. Every February residents and visitors enjoy the annual rodeo, the Yuma Jaycees Silver Spur Rodeo. A parade opens
924-462: Is noted for its weather extremes. Of any populated place in the contiguous United States, Yuma is the driest, the sunniest, and the least humid, has the lowest frequency of precipitation, and has the highest number of sunny days per year—175—with a daily maximum temperature of 90 °F (32 °C) or higher. Yuma features a hot desert climate ( Köppen climate classification BWh ), with extremely hot summers and warm winters. Atmospheric humidity
990-575: Is part of the de Anza route, located a few miles west of Route 101. El Camino Real is designated as California Historical Landmark #784. There are two state historical markers honoring the road: one located near Mission San Diego de Alcalá in San Diego and the other one near Mission San Francisco de Asís in San Francisco. Yuma, Arizona Yuma is a city in and the county seat of Yuma County, Arizona , United States. The city's population
1056-499: Is usually very low, except during what are called " Gulf surges ", when a maritime tropical air mass from the Gulf of California is drawn northward, usually in connection with the summer monsoon or the passage of a tropical storm to the south. The sun is said to shine during about 90% of the daylight hours, making Yuma one of the sunniest places in the world. The city receives the most recorded mean sunshine of anywhere on Earth, although
1122-599: Is vested with all powers of legislation in municipal affairs. The council is composed of six council members elected from the city at large for four-year terms, as well as the Mayor of Yuma. A deputy mayor is also elected by the Council who shall act as Mayor during the temporary absence of the mayor. Karen Watts became the most recent Deputy Mayor in 2020. The current council members are Gary Knight, Leslie McClendon, Chris Morris, Ema Lea Shoop, Mike Shelton, and Karen Watts. The next election
1188-485: The 2010 census , there were 93,064 people. There were 38,626 housing units in Yuma city, 79.5% of which were occupied housing units. The racial makeup of the city was 37.9% White , 2.7% Black or African American , 1.1% Native American , 1.7% Asian , 0.2% Pacific Islander , and 1.6% from two or more races. 54.8% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. As of the 2000 census , there were 77,515 people, 26,649 households, and 19,613 families residing in
1254-694: The California Bell Company where they were cast. The first of 450 bells were unveiled on August 15, 1906, at the Plaza Church in the Pueblo near Olvera Street in Los Angeles . A 1915 map produced by the Automobile Club of Southern California traced the route that connected the missions for motorists to follow. The club and associated groups cared for the bells from the mid-1920s through 1931 after
1320-594: The California State Legislature is as follows: Some older local roads that parallel these routes also have the name. Mission Street in San Francisco does correspond to the commemorative route. An unpaved stretch of the old road has been preserved just east of Mission San Juan Bautista ; this section of road runs parallel to the San Andreas Fault , which can be clearly seen where the ground drops several feet. Many streets throughout California bear
1386-620: The Gila River 's confluence with the Colorado . The city is approximately 60 miles (100 km) from the Gulf of California (Sea of Cortez), a branch of the Pacific . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 106.7 square miles (276 km ), of which 106.6 square miles (276 km ) is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km ) (0.07%) is water. Yuma
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#17328553448941452-572: The Marine Corps Air Station . Yuma is in the state's southwestern corner, in the Sonoran Desert , Yuma Desert sub-region. The area's first settlers for thousands of years were Native American cultures and historic tribes. Their descendants now occupy the Cocopah and Quechan reservations . In 1540, Spanish colonial expeditions under Hernando de Alarcón and Melchior Díaz visited
1518-528: The Santa Clara Valley to the southern end of San Francisco Bay and on up the east side of the San Francisco Peninsula . Between 1683 and 1835, Jesuit and Franciscan missionaries established a series of religious outposts from today's Baja California and Baja California Sur into present-day California . Heavy freight and long-distance passenger movement was practical only via ships by
1584-561: The Spanish Empire ), along with a number of sub-missions, four presidios , and three pueblos . Historically associated with a network of royal roads ( caminos reales ) used by inhabitants of New Spain , the modern commemorative route in the U.S. state of California is named after these roads, with its southern terminus at Mission San Diego de Alcalá and its northern terminus at Mission San Francisco Solano in Sonoma, California . During
1650-610: The boosterism associated with the Mission Revival movement of the early 20th century. Streets throughout California bear the "El Camino Real" name. The route has been continually upgraded and is decorated with commemorative bell markers. In earlier Spanish colonial times, any road under the direct jurisdiction of the Spanish crown and its viceroys was considered to be a camino real . Examples of such roads ran between principal settlements throughout Spain and its colonies such as New Spain . Most caminos reales had names apart from
1716-703: The "Iceberg Drop". Yuma has a soccer-specific stadium, Desert Sun Stadium , which hosted Frontera United of the United Premier Soccer League from 2015 to 2017. Previously a baseball facility, Desert Sun Stadium was home to the Yuma Desert Rats of the North American League and site of home games of four teams for the Arizona Winter League . The San Diego Padres used the field as a spring training facility from 1969 until 1993 and
1782-792: The City of Yuma. The Yuma Visitors' Bureau oversees the Welcome Center at the Quartermaster Depot and is the official visitors' center for the Yuma Community. Near Yuma are the Kofa Mountain Range and wildlife refuge, Martinez and Mittry Lakes, and the Algodones Dunes . The city is the location of the Marine Corps Air Station Yuma , which conducts an annual air show and many large-scale military exercises. There
1848-420: The age of 18 living with them, 56.6% were married couples living together, 13.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.4% were non-families. 21.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.79 and the average family size was 3.27. In the city, the population was spread out, with 29.6% under
1914-404: The age of 18, 11.9% from 18 to 24, 27.1% from 25 to 44, 17.5% from 45 to 64, and 13.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.2 males. According to the 2006 American Community Survey estimate, the median income for a household in the city was $ 39,885, and the median income for
1980-591: The appended camino real . Missions were present in Las Californias for decades before the establishment of any missions in what is today the U.S. state of California, with various Spanish missions established in present-day Baja California , Mexico , starting in 1697 with the Misión de Nuestra Señora de Loreto Conchó in present-day Loreto . The Portolá expedition of 1769 included Franciscan missionaries, led by Junípero Serra . Starting from Loreto, Serra established
2046-718: The area and immediately recognized the natural crossing of the Colorado River as an ideal spot for a city. The Colorado River narrows to slightly under 1,000 feet (300 m) wide in one area. Military expeditions that crossed the Colorado River at the Yuma Crossing include Juan Bautista de Anza (1774), the Mormon Battalion (1848) and the California Column (1862). During and after the California Gold Rush to
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2112-607: The bells represent historical injustices and oppression of their people, such as the punishment endured for missing a ring of the bell. In response, a bell at the University of California, Santa Cruz was removed by campus officials in June 2019. The issue was also present when the statues of Junípero Serra were damaged and/or removed in 2020 during the George Floyd protests which expanded to include monuments of individuals associated with
2178-518: The cargo from ships at the mouth of the Colorado River at Robinson's Landing and from 1864 at Port Isabel . From 1864, the Yuma Quartermaster Depot , today a state historic park, supplied all forts in present-day Arizona, as well as large parts of Colorado and New Mexico. After Arizona became a separate territory, Yuma became the county seat for Yuma County in 1871, replacing La Paz , the first seat. The Southern Pacific Railroad bridged
2244-407: The city council (ensuring all ordinances thereof are enforced), call and preside over meetings, administer oaths and issue proclamations. The mayor is also recognized as the official head of the city by the courts and has the power to take command of the police and govern the city by proclamation during times of great danger. The City of Yuma City Council is the governing body of the City of Yuma and
2310-516: The city. The population density was 726.8 inhabitants per square mile (280.6/km ). There were 34,475 housing units at an average density of 323.3 per square mile (124.8/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 47.5% White , 2.9% Black or African American , 1.0% Native American , 1.4% Asian , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 0.1% from other races , and 1.4% from two or more races. 45.7% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 26,649 households, out of which 38.8% had children under
2376-573: The controversy over the genocide of indigenous peoples in the Americas. The historical preservation commission of Santa Cruz reported to the city council in November 2020 that the bells represent a painful history for the indigenous people of the city, and noted that a bell in Mission Park Plaza had been stolen in 1999 and not replaced. Santa Cruz scheduled the removal of the last bell in the city, at
2442-474: The equipment used by the United States tends to provide higher sunshine estimates than the traditional Campbell–Stokes recorder . On average, Yuma receives 3.36 inches (85 mm) of rain annually. Even in the wettest year of 2005, only 7.39 in (188 mm) fell. The driest year at Yuma Airport was 2007, with only 0.15 in (3.8 mm) recorded. On average, the wettest months of the year are during
2508-455: The events. Cowboys and cowgirls from all over the country compete in the festivities. The Yuma County Fair takes place annually in the spring at the fairgrounds in Yuma. On New Year's Eve 2018, the town of Yuma dropped a head of iceberg lettuce from the town's water tower, to symbolize the beginning of the new year, much like the ball drop in New York City's Times Square . This is known as
2574-547: The first of the 21 missions at San Diego . Serra stayed at San Diego and Juan Crespí continued the rest of the way with Gaspar de Portolá . Proceeding north, Portolá followed the coastline (today's California State Route 1), except where forced inland by coastal cliffs. Eventually, the expedition was prevented from going farther north by the entrance to San Francisco Bay , the Golden Gate . Crespí identified several future mission sites which were not developed until later. On
2640-537: The highest unemployment rate in the United States at 23.8 percent, above the 21.6 percent in El Centro, California . Yuma's agricultural workforce, which adjusts to the picking season, is cited by the Arizona Department of Commerce as the reason for the apparent high unemployment. The Yuma Metropolitan Statistical Area has the highest unemployment rate in the United States as of 2018 at 20.9%. A large percentage of
2706-768: The historical Yuma Territorial Prison , the Yuma Quartermaster Depot State Historic Park (formerly known as the Yuma Crossing Historic Park), and a historic downtown area. Yuma is an Arizona Main Street City. Because of budget cutbacks at the state level, Arizona State Parks no longer operates the Territorial Prison and Quartermaster Depot. They are now operated by the Yuma Crossing National Heritage Area and
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2772-455: The intersection of Soquel and Dakota avenues, for August 28, 2021, but the bell was stolen the night before it was to be removed. The Tribal Band, an organization of local tribes, led a ceremony to mark the occasion in spite of the theft. Several modern highways include parts of the commemorative route, though large sections are on city streets (for instance, most of the stretch between San Jose and San Francisco ). The full route as defined by
2838-576: The jurisdiction of California. The county of San Diego collected taxes from there for many years. From 1853 a smaller settlement, Arizona City , grew up on the high ground across from the fort and was organized under the name of its post office in 1858. It had adobe dwellings, two stores and two saloons. Colorado City and Jaeger City were almost completely destroyed by the Great Flood of 1862 and had to be rebuilt on higher ground. At that time Colorado City became part of Arizona City, later on taking
2904-542: The late 1870s, the Yuma Crossing was known for its ferry crossings for the Southern Emigrant Trail . This was considered the gateway to California, as it was one of the few natural spots where travelers could cross the otherwise very wide Colorado River. Following the United States establishing Fort Yuma , two towns developed one mile downriver. The one on the California side was called Jaeger City , named after
2970-488: The marker for where a spring was to be found, as seen to this day at the church of Nuestra Señora del Tránsito [ Wikidata ] in Fresnillo, Zacatecas . By the mid-nineteenth century, when California became a state, the route had been improved in certain sections, but was wholly inadequate for large stagecoaches and freight wagons. In 1892, Anna Pitcher of Pasadena, California initiated an effort to establish
3036-589: The monsoon months of August and September, and December, when moisture from winter storms arrives from the Pacific Ocean. June is the driest month, with drought virtually absolute. In 1995, Yuma recorded its all-time high temperature of 124 °F (51 °C). The lowest recorded temperature was in the Yuma-Mesa area in January 2007. The temperature fell to 21 °F (−6 °C) for approximately two hours, harming many crops grown in and around Yuma. Citrus suffered
3102-497: The most, particularly the lemon crop. According to an Arizona Department of Agriculture report in February 2007, there was a 75% to 95% loss of crop and trees. On average (according to the 1991-2020 climate period), the temperature reaches freezing point in one year in fifteen, and there are 117 days per year during which the temperature reaches or exceeds 100 °F (38 °C), usually from April through October. During July and August,
3168-509: The name Yuma in 1873. From 1854, Colorado City was the major steamboat stop for traffic up and down the Colorado River. After the 1862 flood, it became part of Arizona City. The steamboats transported passengers and equipment for the various mines and military outposts along the Colorado; Colorado City was the terminus of wagon traffic up the Gila River into New Mexico Territory. They offloaded
3234-588: The name of the road, often with scant relation to the original. A section of the old mission road, El Camino Real fronts the Rios-Caledonia Adobe in San Miguel . This road served stagecoaches and then was paved as part of the original US 101 highway. The route through the San Mateo and Santa Clara counties is designated as State Route 82 , and some stretches of it are named El Camino Real . The old road
3300-546: The original organization which installed the bells fragmented. Distinctive route markers were added to U.S. Route 101 and other national auto trails when the joint board of state highway officials adopted the United States Numbered Highway System in 1926. The state highways forming El Camino Real were identified as Highway 1 , U.S. Route 101 and Highway 82 on the San Francisco Peninsula in
3366-479: The owner of Jaeger's Ferry, which crossed the river there. It was for a time the larger of the two, with the Butterfield Overland Mail office and station, two blacksmiths, a hotel, two stores, and other dwellings. The other was called Colorado City . Developed on the south side of the river in what is now Arizona by speculator Charles Poston , it was the site of the custom house . When started, it
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#17328553448943432-449: The period of Spanish rule, there was no single road constructed by the Spanish to connect the missions, with most of the network of royal roads following historic Native American trading routes. These various caminos reales covered much of what is today California, but with no single special route designated to link the missions. The name was revived in the American era in connection with
3498-402: The population. Of the 39,210 households, 37.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.2% had seniors 65 years or older living with them, 48.2% were married couples living together, 6.8% were couples cohabitating, 17.4% had a male householder with no partner present, and 27.6% had a female householder with no partner present. The median household size
3564-496: The replacement bells. The bells are most typically marked 1769 & 1906 , and include a designer's copyright notice. The two dates represent the date of the founding of the first Alta-California mission in San Diego, and the date of the setting of the first commemorative bell-marker, respectively. In 1997, the California Federation of Women's Clubs, in conjunction with California State Automobile Association , developed
3630-459: The return trip to San Diego, Gaspar de Portolá found a shorter detour around one stretch of coastal cliffs via Conejo Valley . Portolá journeyed again from San Diego to Monterey in 1770, where Junipero Serra (who traveled by ship) founded the second mission (later moved a short distance south to Carmel ). Carmel became Serra's Alta California mission headquarters. The Juan Bautista de Anza expedition of (1775–76) entered Alta California from
3696-405: The river in 1877, and acquired George Alonzo Johnson 's Colorado Steam Navigation Company , the only steamboat company on the river. Yuma became the new base of navigation on the river, ending the need for Port Isabel, which was abandoned in 1879. The warehouses and shipyard there were moved to Yuma. Yuma is near the borders of California to the west and Mexico to the south, and just west of
3762-596: The southeast (crossing the Colorado River near today's Yuma, Arizona ), and picked up Portolá's trail at Mission San Gabriel . De Anza's scouts found easier traveling in several inland valleys, rather than staying on the rugged coast. On his journey north, de Anza traveled the San Fernando Valley and Salinas Valley . After detouring to the coast to visit the Presidio of Monterey , de Anza went inland again, following
3828-430: The temperature fails to reach 100 °F (38 °C) on only one and two days on average, respectively. In 1997, the desert city sustained a full tropical storm after Hurricane Nora made landfall at the mouth of the Colorado River and quickly moved due north along it. This rare event cut power to 12,000 customers in Yuma, and dropped 3.59 inches (91 mm) of rain at Marine Corps Air Station Yuma . The last time
3894-550: The work force is employed seasonally in agriculture, contributing to apparent unemployment. Yuma is colloquially referred to as the "Winter Lettuce Capital of the World". According to the city's 2019 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report , the top employers in the Yuma Metropolitan Statistical Area in 2018 were: Other large employers include Bose , Dole Fresh Vegetables and Shaw Industries . Yuma contains
3960-425: The year." Anywhere from 70,000 to over 85,000 out-of-state visitors make Yuma their winter residence. Yuma's weather also makes it an agricultural powerhouse, growing over 175 types of crops, the largest of which is lettuce. Yuma County provides 90% of all leafy vegetables grown from November to March in the United States. Yuma is also known for its large military population due to several military bases, including
4026-584: Was $ 31,467. Out of the 96,149 people with a determined poverty status, 9.8% were below the poverty line . Further, 10.5% of minors and 11.6% of seniors were below the poverty line. In the survey, residents self-identified with various ethnic ancestries. People of English descent made up 5.6% of the population of the town, followed by German at 5.0%, American at 3.4%, Irish at 3.1%, Sub-Saharan African at 1.4%, Swedish at 1.4%, Italian at 1.3%, French at 0.9%, Norwegian at 0.7%, Scottish at 0.6%, and Scotch-Irish at 0.5%. As of
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#17328553448944092-405: Was 2.45 and the median family size was 2.96. The age distribution was 26.3% under 18, 12.9% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 16.7% from 45 to 64, and 17.7% who were 65 or older. The median age was 33.6 years. The median income for a household was $ 58,043, with family households having a median income of $ 65,926 and non-family households $ 32,347. The per capita income
4158-423: Was 813.9 inhabitants per square mile (314.2/km ). There were 45,408 housing units at an average density of 375.2 per square mile (144.9/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 39.7% White, 27.9% some other race, 2.4% Black or African American, 1.5% Asian, and 0.8% Native American or Alaskan Native, with 27.7% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 66.5% of
4224-486: Was 95,548 at the 2020 census , up from the 2010 census population of 93,064. Yuma is the principal city of the Yuma, Arizona, Metropolitan Statistical Area , which consists of Yuma County. According to the United States Census Bureau , the 2020 estimated population of the Yuma MSA is 203,247. According to Guinness World Records , Yuma is the "Sunniest City on Earth," promising "sunshine and warm weather at least 91% of
4290-430: Was just north of the border between Mexican-ruled Sonora, Mexico and California. After the Gadsden Purchase by the United States, the town bordered on the Territory of New Mexico . This area was designated as the Territory of Arizona in 1863. The Colorado City site at the time was duly registered in San Diego ; both banks of the Colorado River just below its confluence with the Gila were recognized as being within
4356-418: Was then Arizona County, New Mexico Territory (see Arizona City (Yuma, Arizona) for details). It returned as Arizona City in 1870 and then became Yuma in 1873. On April 12, 1902, the village of Yuma was incorporated as a town. It formally incorporated as a city on April 7, 1914. As of the 2022 American Community Survey estimates, there were 98,517 people and 39,210 households. The population density
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