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23-433: The Core is bounded by 8th Avenue SW ( Stephen Avenue pedestrian mall) on the south, 7th Avenue SW ( LRT Corridor rapid transit line) on the north, and extends above 3rd Street SW (Barclay Parade) and 4th Street SW. The mall is directly connected to the neighbouring retail compandes of Bankers Hall (south), Intact Place (north), Brookfield Place via Scotia Centre / Hudson's Bay Store (north), and Manulife Place (west) via

46-711: A dominantly coal and mudstone unit. The Paskapoo grades into the equivalent Porcupine Hills Formation south of Calgary. It is correlated with upper part of the Ravenscrag Formation of southern Saskatchewan and the Fort Union Formation of Montana and North Dakota, which are not contiguous with it but are of similar age. The middle to late Paleocene age of the Paskapoo Formation is based primarily on Paskapoo mammal fossils, which indicate North American land mammal ages of middle to late Tiffanian . It

69-466: A high concentration of registered historic buildings and the street itself was declared a Canadian historic site in 2002. Many of these building are made of sandstone that was quarried locally from the Paskapoo Formation ; a result of the construction of fire-resistant buildings following a fire in 1886 that damaged many of the city's earlier wooden structures. This Calgary -related article

92-485: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Alberta road, road transport or highway-related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Paskapoo Formation The Paskapoo Formation is a stratigraphic unit of Middle to Late Paleocene age in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin . The Paskapoo underlies much of southwestern Alberta , and takes the name from

115-575: Is a major pedestrian mall in downtown Calgary , Alberta, Canada. The mall is the portion of 8 Avenue SW between 4 Street SW and 1 Street SE. It is open to vehicles only from 6:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m. The street is known for some of Calgary's finest restaurants, cafés, pubs and bars. The street also provides an eclectic mix of boutiques and high-end retail. Major shopping centres include The Core Shopping Centre , (formerly Calgary Eaton Centre / TD Square ), Bankers Hall , Fashion Central, Scotia Centre , and The Bay department store. The street

138-664: Is also home to downtown Calgary's major convention and exhibition facility, the Calgary Telus Convention Centre , and two hotels, the Hyatt Regency Calgary, which incorporates several historic buildings into its facade, and the Calgary Marriott . The street was named after George Stephen, 1st Baron Mount Stephen , the first president of the Canadian Pacific Railway . Stephen Avenue contains

161-536: Is supported by detailed palynostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic studies. It is equivalent to a radiometric age of approximately 62.5 to 58.5 million years. The Paskapoo Formation contains remains of vertebrates, especially mammals, and plants. Material from the following groups of mammals has been reported from the Paskapoo Formation: Multituberculata , Dermoptera , Primates , Carnivora , Condylartha , and Pantodonta , as well as

184-464: Is thickest in the foothills of the Canadian Rockies , and thins eastward to the 112th meridian west in the plains. The formation is more than 750 metres (2,460 ft) thick in the foothills, and about 600 metres (1,970 ft) near Calgary. It is assumed that it originally reached thicknesses as great as 1,000 metres (3,280 ft) in some areas prior to erosion. The formation is exposed at

207-540: The +15 skywalk system. It also contains the Devonian Gardens , a unique 2.5-acre (1.0 ha) glass-enclosed indoor botanical park, which reopened to the public on July 27, 2012, after a complete renovation. the T. Eaton Co. opened its original Calgary department store on the site in 1929. In 1977, it was joined by TD Square (originally named Oxford Square) to the east. TD Square, an office and shopping complex, covered four levels over an entire block and contained

230-651: The Blindman River ( paskapiw means 'He is blind' in Cree ). It was first described from outcrops along that river, near its confluence with the Red Deer River north of the city of Red Deer , by Joseph Tyrrell in 1887. It is important for its freshwater aquifers , its coal resources, and its fossil record , as well as having been the source of sandstone for the construction of fire-resistant buildings in Calgary during

253-461: The Paskapoo Formation by Tyrrell in 1886, and since that time a wide variety have been described. These include specimens of the ferns Azolla , Onoclea , and Speirseopteris ; the conifers Metasequoia (including Metasequoia foxii ) and Glyptostrobus ; and the dicots Palaeocarpinus (a member of the birch family ), Cercidiphyllum (including Joffrea ), Platanus , and Beringiaphyllum (a relative of dogwoods ). During

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276-591: The early 1900s, outcrops of Paskapoo sandstone in the Calgary area were quarried for building stone due to the requirement for fire-resistant buildings following the Calgary Fire of 1886 . Many of Calgary's early landmark buildings, such as Lougheed House , Burns Manor , and some of the buildings along Stephen Avenue , were built using Paskapoo sandstone, and Calgary became known as the Sandstone City. Paskapoo sandstone

299-1072: The early 1900s. The Paskapoo Formation is of fluvial origin and consists primarily of sandstones , siltstones and mudstones , with lesser amounts of pebble-conglomerate and coal , and minor bentonite . The sediments were derived from the Canadian Cordillera during tectonic uplift and erosion in the late stages of the Laramide Orogeny . They were transported eastward by river systems and deposited in fluvial and floodplain environments. The sandstones were deposited in river channels. They are cross-bedded , medium- to coarse-grained, and locally conglomeratic. The siltstones and mudstones represent crevasse splay , overbank and shallow pond environments. They include plant fossils , rooted horizons and paleosols . Carbonaceous mudstones and coaly beds that represent oxygen-poor, swampy settings are thin and discontinuous, but common. Thick coal seams that formed in well-developed swamps are present only in

322-520: The erosional base of the first prominent sandstone above the Ardley coal zone of the Scollard Formation. It has been established that, in the type area near Red Deer, this erosional surface represents a hiatus of about 1-2 million years. In the foothills, the contact with the underlying Coalspur Formation is less distinctive but is again placed at the base of the first dominantly sandstone unit overlying

345-485: The food court and added a structural glass bridge on the fourth floor of the complex. It also added several 'living green walls' near the entrances to the Devonian Gardens space. In 2009, WestNet City Wi-Fi blanketed the centre with Wi-Fi . A number of stores in the centre sell high-end luxury goods and apparel. Brooks Brothers contains the only Canadian locations for the 'Black Fleece' designer shop and 'Fleece' for children. Stephen Avenue Stephen Avenue

368-566: The foothills near Hinton and Obed . The Paskapoo Formation underlies the present day erosional surface and it is exposed in outcrop in many areas. Cover, where present, consists of Quaternary sediments or, on a few localized plateaus, of younger Tertiary gravels. The Paskapoo rests on the Scollard Formation in the Alberta plains, and on the equivalent Coalspur Formation in the Alberta foothills. The lower boundary has been defined as

391-445: The largest point-supported structural glass skylight in the world. It creates the feel of an outdoor streetscape on the third floor, which incorporates two-storey retail facades with exterior-grade materials. Heavy construction work forced numerous retailers to close or relocate during the renovation, most of which have renovated or expanded. The renovation also widened the concourses, replaced all interior finishes and facilities, expanded

414-535: The original Devonian Gardens indoor botanical garden. In 1990, Eaton's store was relocated into a new building one block west and a four-level shopping centre, the Calgary Eaton Centre, was built on its original site. Following the closure of the Eaton's chain in 2002, Sears acted as an anchor store until 2008 when it was closed to make way for Holt Renfrew's expansion. The combination of the two centres resulted in

437-655: The overlying Lacombe Member , siltstones and mudstones are dominant, with interbeds of fine-grained sandstone, carbonaceous mudstones, paleosols, and thin coals. The Dalehurst Member at the top of the formation consists of the Obed coal zone . The Dalehurst strata are similar to those of the Lacombe Member, but the Dalehurst sequence includes up to six coal seams, with individual seams up to 5 metres (20 ft) thick. The Paskapoo Formation underlies much of southwestern Alberta. It

460-497: The property being rebranded "the Core", however the property is still referred to as "the Core – TD Square". The centre underwent a three-year, multimillion-dollar redevelopment project, which was completed in 2011. The redevelopment unified the complex under a continuous 85-foot-wide (26 m), 656-foot-long (200 m) suspended glass skylight. The skylight, completed in November 2009, is

483-412: The small, possibly venomous mammal Bisonalveus . The Paskapoo has also yielded articulated and fragmentary skeletons of freshwater fish, impressions of insect wings and larvae, and shells of freshwater molluscs. An unnamed species of the amphibian Albanerpeton is known from the formation, which is the final record of albanerpetontids from North America. Plant fossils were first collected from

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506-595: The surface along a trend that extends from Calgary to west of Edmonton . Good outcrops can be seen in the eastern reaches of the foothills, and along the Bow River in and around Calgary (for example at Paskapoo Slopes ), the Red Deer River near Red Deer, the North Saskatchewan River west of Edmonton, and the Athabasca River . The Dalehurst Member is an erosional remnant and is confined to an area adjacent to

529-530: The youngest portion of the formation, which is preserved near Hinton . Although some early workers included the underlying Scollard Formation as the lower part of the Paskapoo, the two are now treated separately. The base of the Paskapoo Formation, designated the Haynes Member , consists primarily of cliff-forming sandstones and pebble-conglomerates, interbedded with lesser amounts of siltstone and mudstone. In

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