A hippie , also spelled hippy , especially in British English, is someone associated with the counterculture of the 1960s , originally a youth movement that began in the United States during or around 1964, and spread to different countries around the world. The word hippie came from hipster and was used to describe beatniks who moved into New York City's Greenwich Village , San Francisco's Haight-Ashbury district, and Chicago's Old Town community. The term hippie was used in print by San Francisco writer Michael Fallon, helping popularize use of the term in the media, although the tag was seen elsewhere earlier.
185-510: Cactus Jack may refer to: People with the nickname [ edit ] Mick Foley (born 1965), American actor, writer, professional wrestler, and color commentator John Nance Garner (1868–1967), American politician Jack Wells (sportscaster) (1911–1999), Canadian broadcaster Jack Neumeier (1919–2004), American high school football coach Travis Scott (born 1991), American rapper Other uses [ edit ] Cactus Jack (band) ,
370-447: A Falls Count Anywhere match . He then started to team with Tommy Dreamer . According to Heyman, the hardcore style differentiated Foley from other traditional wrestlers, so in ECW, Foley was right at home. However, Foley did not enjoy working with Sandman, as Sandman was often intoxicated during matches and could not perform properly; drinking large amounts of beer and smoking cigarettes made up
555-612: A dark match . The two wrestlers then faced one another in a series of dark matches and house show matches until their first broadcast match against one another at King of the Ring in June 1996, where Mankind defeated The Undertaker using the Mandible Claw after The Undertaker's manager Paul Bearer accidentally struck The Undertaker with an urn . The feud culminated in the first-ever " Boiler Room Brawl " at SummerSlam 1996 , and in addition to escaping
740-469: A falls count anywhere match , lost a stretcher match , and then fought to a double disqualification in a cage match . These matches caught the attention of World Championship Wrestling promoters, in large part due to widespread photo circulation, and in August 1991, Foley re-joined WCW. Foley returned to WCW in August 1991 as "Cactus Jack", wrestling on house shows . On September 5, 1991, at Clash of
925-519: A new religious movement . Escapin' through the lily fields I came across an empty space It trembled and exploded Left a bus stop in its place The bus came by and I got on That's when it all began There was cowboy Neal At the wheel Of a bus to never-ever land During the late 1950s and early 1960s, novelist Ken Kesey and the Merry Pranksters lived communally first in Oregon and after
1110-548: A specific type of white man who "acted more Negro than Negroes". Andrew Loog Oldham refers to "all the Chicago hippies," seemingly about black blues/R&B musicians, in his rear sleeve notes to the 1965 LP The Rolling Stones, Now! Although the word hippies made other isolated appearances in print during the early 1960s, the first use of the term on the West Coast appeared in the article "A New Paradise for Beatniks " (in
1295-446: A Serbian hard rock band Cactus Jack Records , an American record label The Villain (1979 film) , a 1979 film released as Cactus Jack in the UK and Australia Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Cactus Jack . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to
1480-501: A WWE Network video, Vader admits that after seeing footage that he had indeed removed Cactus's ear. Cactus Jack and Vader wrestled their final match in WCW – a Texas death match – in April 1994, a year to the day since their first match. During the bout, Vader once again powerbombed Cactus Jack on the floor, mirroring his actions of the prior year. Upon watching the match on WCW WorldWide , Foley
1665-584: A bout against Sabu at Hostile City Showdown on June 24, 1994. During a promo , Cactus Jack spat on his title belt and threw it to the ground to appeal to the ECW fans who shunned the mainstream promotions, an act for which he was later forced to apologize to booker Ric Flair. Following successful defenses against the Nasty Boys and Harlem Heat , Cactus Jack and Sullivan lost the WCW World Tag Team Championship to Pretty Wonderful at Bash at
1850-577: A considerable physical toll, eventually earning him the moniker "The Hardcore Legend". Michael Francis Foley was born in Bloomington, Indiana , on June 7, 1965. He is of Irish descent, and has an older brother named John. Shortly after his birth, he moved with his family to the Long Island town of East Setauket , about 40 miles east of New York City , where he attended Ward Melville High School . At school, he wrestled and played lacrosse , and
2035-460: A cover story entitled "The Hippies: The Philosophy of a Subculture." The article described the guidelines of the hippie code: Do your own thing, wherever you have to do it and whenever you want. Drop out. Leave society as you have known it. Leave it utterly. Blow the mind of every straight person you can reach. Turn them on, if not to drugs, then to beauty, love, honesty, fun. It is estimated that around 100,000 people traveled to San Francisco in
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#17328583741632220-725: A crowd of around 400,000 people. In later years, mobile "peace convoys" of New Age travellers made summer pilgrimages to free music festivals at Stonehenge and elsewhere. In Australia, hippies gathered at Nimbin for the 1973 Aquarius Festival and the annual Cannabis Law Reform Rally or MardiGrass . " Piedra Roja Festival", a major hippie event in Chile, was held in 1970. Hippie and psychedelic culture influenced 1960s and early 1970s youth culture in Iron Curtain countries in Eastern Europe (see Mánička ). Hippie fashion and values had
2405-599: A crusade to rid Bradley of his valet Tamara Fytch . He ignited a feud between Candido and Bradley when he accused Candido of having sexual relations with Fytch. Cactus Jack left SMW in December 1994 before the feud was resolved. Cactus Jack's first appearance for the NWA-affiliated Eastern Championship Wrestling (ECW) promotion came on the May 31, 1994, episode, with Cactus revealed as Sabu's opponent for
2590-593: A face. Cactus Jack won the match with a piledriver through a table. In September 1997, Foley (as Mankind) wrestled Sabu at Terry Funk's WrestleFest , an event organized to mark the retirement of Foley's friend Terry Funk . Funk, however, broke his retirement soon after the event, and in December 1997, he joined the WWF as "Chainsaw Charlie", aligning himself with Foley. At the 1998 Royal Rumble , Foley participated under all three personas, Cactus Jack (1st entrant), Mankind (16th), and Dude Love (28th). Charlie and Cactus defeated
2775-594: A falls-count-anywhere match against Orndorff at SuperBrawl III . He then moved on to face Big Van Vader. Cactus Jack wrestled Big Van Vader on April 6, 1993, winning by count-out after being severely beaten. Although talented and athletic, the 400 lb (180 kg) Vader was a notoriously stiff wrestler who had been trained in the Japanese "strong" style, and he hit so hard that most other wrestlers outright refused to work with him, out of fear of severe injury. However, Foley decided to continue his program with Vader, and as
2960-474: A fan favorite after engaging in a feud with Paul Orndorff, Harley Race, and Big Van Vader. Jack and Orndorff wrestled each other in a match for a spot on WCW World Heavyweight Champion Vader's team at Clash of the Champions XXII . After the match, Race and Orndorff beat up Jack. At the following Clash of Champions event, Cactus Jack helped Sting's team win the match. He engaged in a feud with Orndorff, winning
3145-545: A feud with the chainsaw -wielding Leatherface , whom he had betrayed during a tag team match. But perhaps the most notable matches of Foley's time in Japan were on August 20, 1995, where IWA organized a King of the Death Match tournament at their Kawasaki Dream event at the outdoor Kawasaki Stadium in its namesake city , which featured some of the bloodiest, most violent and most brutal matches of Foley's career. The tournament
3330-418: A few more months until Austin returned, and this is when he continued his feud with Triple H. Hippie The origins of the terms hip and hep are uncertain. By the 1940s, both had become part of African American jive slang and meant "sophisticated; currently fashionable; fully up-to-date". The Beats adopted the term hip , and early hippies adopted the language and countercultural values of
3515-415: A five-match "gauntlet" challenge set upon Triple H by Vince McMahon. It was around this time that Foley began to realize he was going to have to retire soon- in addition to the massive physical toll he had inflicted on his body, Foley then began to develop cognitive problems such as forgetting simple bodily motions and trouble remembering how to write and spell basic words. Foley's last match was supposed to be
3700-518: A gentle and nondoctrinaire ideology that favored peace, love, and personal freedom, expressed for example in The Beatles ' song " All You Need is Love ". Hippies perceived the dominant culture as a corrupt, monolithic entity that exercised undue power over their lives, calling this culture " The Establishment ", " Big Brother ", or " The Man ". Noting that they were "seekers of meaning and value", scholars like Timothy Miller have described hippies as
3885-492: A hardcore wrestling icon and used a slow and technical wrestling style as a way to punish the audience. He said that he was on a mission to save his partner from making the mistake of trying to please bloodthirsty fans. Foley later admitted in an interview in 2015 that after Wrestlepalooza he became indifferent toward ECW and its fanbase. The mismatched partnership between Cactus Jack and Dreamer lasted until Wrestlepalooza, when Cactus turned on Dreamer while they were teaming with
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#17328583741634070-462: A hippie in the Panhandle to demonstrate the end of his/her reign. Haight-Ashbury could not accommodate the influx of crowds (mostly naive youngsters) with no place to live. Many took to living on the street, panhandling and drug-dealing. There were problems with malnourishment, disease, and drug addiction. Crime and violence skyrocketed. None of these trends reflected what the hippies had envisioned. By
4255-634: A hit in the United States and Europe. The lyrics, "If you're going to San Francisco, be sure to wear some flowers in your hair", inspired thousands of young people from all over the world to travel to San Francisco, sometimes wearing flowers in their hair and distributing flowers to passersby, earning them the name " Flower Children ". Bands like the Grateful Dead , Big Brother and the Holding Company (with Janis Joplin ), and Jefferson Airplane lived in
4440-428: A large part of Sandman's overall gimmick. But 1995 proved to be an interesting year for Foley, particularly during his time in ECW. Two incidents caused him to change his opinion of a promotion that most thought made him feel like he was at home. There was a sign in the front of the audience one night that said "Cane Dewey" (this was done with Foley's permission, when he didn't know what this meant, but later understood),
4625-436: A major effect on culture, influencing popular music , television, film, literature, and the arts. Since the 1960s, mainstream society has assimilated many aspects of hippie culture. The religious and cultural diversity the hippies espoused has gained widespread acceptance, and their pop versions of Eastern philosophy and Asiatic spiritual concepts have reached a larger group. The vast majority of people who had participated in
4810-463: A more vanguardist approach to social justice and focused mostly on labour unionization and questions of social class . In April 1969, the building of People's Park in Berkeley, California received international attention. The University of California, Berkeley had demolished all the buildings on a 2.8-acre (11,000 m ) parcel near campus, intending to use the land to build playing fields and
4995-490: A neck injury in a match at SummerSlam in East Rutherford, New Jersey . Dude Love feuded with Hunter Hearst Helmsley , as the two competed in a falls count anywhere match . One of Foley's most memorable vignettes aired before the match began, in which Dude Love and Mankind discussed who should wrestle the upcoming match. Eventually, "they" decided that it should be Cactus Jack, and Foley's old character made his WWF debut as
5180-456: A one-time TNA Legends Champion , and the inaugural WWF Hardcore Champion . Foley's Hell in a Cell match against The Undertaker is regarded as one of his most memorable and controversial matches and widely acknowledged as the greatest Hell in a Cell Match of all time. Foley's dedicated and physical style of wrestling led him to often participate in violent and brutal matches that involved him taking dangerous bumps and putting his body through
5365-410: A parking lot. After a long delay, during which the site became a dangerous eyesore, thousands of ordinary Berkeley citizens, merchants, students, and hippies took matters into their own hands, planting trees, shrubs, flowers and grass to convert the land into a park. A major confrontation ensued on May 15, 1969, when Governor Ronald Reagan ordered the park destroyed, which led to a two-week occupation of
5550-408: A pay-per-view again. On March 16, 1994, during WCW's "Battle Stars 1994" tour of Germany, Cactus and Big Van Vader had one of the most infamous matches in wrestling history as part of WCW's European Cup tournament. Cactus began a hangman , but neither wrestler was aware that the ring ropes had been drawn extra tight before the event, and Cactus could barely move. When Cactus finally freed himself from
5735-543: A random backstage dumpster and not the original dumpster brought ringside and scheduled a rematch in a steel cage, which the Outlaws won with help from their new allies, D-Generation X . On April 6, 1998, Foley turned heel when Cactus explained that the fans would not see him anymore because they did not appreciate him, and only cared about Stone Cold Steve Austin: after a hard-fought match with Terry Funk in Albany, fans started to leave
Cactus Jack - Misplaced Pages Continue
5920-407: A reference to using a Singapore cane on Foley's real-life eldest son, who was three years old then (Foley would sometimes mention his family in his promos), and then witnessing a botch in the opening match of Wrestlepalooza on August 5, 1995, where J. T. Smith did a dive, slipped off the ring apron and landed head-first on the concrete. Smith was so severely concussed that his head began swelling on
6105-624: A relaxed, fun-loving, jive-talking, tie-dyed shirt-wearing hippie . These personas were known as the "Three Faces of Foley", with Cactus Jack making his debut in the WWF also in 1997. All three characters appeared in the 1998 Royal Rumble , making Foley the only competitor to enter the same Royal Rumble match three times under different personas. Foley is a four-time world champion (three WWF Championships and one TNA World Heavyweight Championship ), an 11-time world tag team champion (eight WWF Tag Team Championships , two ECW World Tag Team Championships , and one WCW World Tag Team Championship ),
6290-412: A result of Cactus's victory, in a rematch with Vader on April 24, the two executed a dangerous spot to sell a storyline injury. Harley Race removed the protective mats at ringside and Vader powerbombed Cactus onto the exposed concrete floor, causing a legitimate concussion and causing Foley to temporarily lose sensation in his left foot. While Foley was away, WCW ran an angle where Cactus Jack's absence
6475-430: A rural setting. This ceremony combined a psychedelic experience with traditional Native American spiritual values; these people went on to sponsor a unique genre of musical expression and performance at the "Red Dog Saloon" in the isolated, old-time mining town of Virginia City , Nevada. During the summer of 1965, Laughlin recruited much of the original talent that led to a unique amalgam of traditional folk music and
6660-785: A seat close to the front row and is visible in the video of the event. Foley formally trained at Dominic DeNucci 's wrestling school in Freedom, Pennsylvania , driving several hours weekly from his college campus in Cortland, New York . He debuted on June 23, 1986, in Clarksburg, West Virginia , under the ring name "Cactus Jack". In addition to appearing on DeNucci's cards, Foley and several other students also took part in some squash matches as jobbers for World Wrestling Federation TV tapings of Prime Time Wrestling , WWF Wrestling Challenge and Superstars of Wrestling , where Foley wrestled under
6845-518: A segment featuring himself (as Mankind) and The Rock. The "This Is Your Life" segment aired on September 27, 1999, and received an 8.4 rating, with Yurple the Clown making another appearance. Foley briefly reverted to his Cactus Jack persona for a Hardcore handicap match against Ministry of Darkness members Viscera and Mideon on May 10, 1999, which Cactus won; the match saw Cactus enter using two basketballs as weapons. In August 1999, Foley returned after
7030-506: A significant amount of legitimate pain that's so intense it can inhibit the opponent's vision, and if applied long enough, can force the opponent to black out. The creatively inclined and dedicated Foley initially would prepare for playing Mankind by researching the character, often spending the night in the respective arena's boiler room and sometimes under the wrestling ring for the first few months, but after that, he could get into character almost instantly. His catchphrase, ever perplexing,
7215-449: A significant minority of young adults to "get clean for Gene" by shaving their beards or wearing longer skirts; however the "Clean Genes" had little impact on the popular image in the media spotlight, of the hirsute hippy adorned in beads, feathers, flowers and bells. A sign of this was the visibility that the hippie subculture gained in various mainstream and underground media. Hippie exploitation films are 1960s exploitation films about
7400-440: A single ten-minute match was two, or sometimes three, with their hands in front of their head to ease the blow and lessen a chance of a concussion. However, Foley had taken eleven in the span of two and a half minutes, all unprotected, because he had been handcuffed just before The Rock began his repeated onslaught. Foley was originally supposed to take five chair shots to the head with the final match-ending shot being two-thirds up
7585-510: A song that protested the Kent State massacre, recorded by Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young . Despite the fact that hippie culture was beginning to wane, in 1970, the hippie community of Tawapa was founded in New Mexico . It lasted until the 1990s, when the people were pushed off the land due to housing developments . Much of hippie style had been integrated into mainstream American society by
Cactus Jack - Misplaced Pages Continue
7770-538: A surefire moneymaking feud as a problem that needed to be solved. The angle was awarded "Most Disgusting Promotional Tactic" by the Wrestling Observer Newsletter . In one of WCW's most violent and brutal matches of all time, Cactus Jack faced Vader in a Texas Deathmatch (a variation of a Last Man Standing match) at Halloween Havoc 1993 in New Orleans on October 24 after having a wheel being spun and
7955-467: A tag team match with Al Snow in November 1999, but with the WWF having to go on with the absence of their biggest star Stone Cold Steve Austin at the time (who was out with a broken neck), Foley felt that the company would suffer too badly if another one of its biggest stars disappeared from the roster- even with The Rock surging in popularity. So Foley, even in the poor condition he was in, decided to go on for
8140-498: A third time by pinning the reigning champion Austin. Mankind's win led to an enraged Triple H to assault Austin, justifying Austin's absence while he healed a knee injury. The next night on Raw is War , Triple H defeated Mankind to win his first WWF championship. A feud then developed between Mankind and Triple H. This included Triple H defeating Mankind in another Boiler Room Brawl on the September 23 edition of SmackDown! , as part of
8325-476: A three-month absence recovering from knee surgery to resume his feud with Triple H , who had kayfabe injured Foley's left knee with his sledgehammer. On an episode of Raw is War , Mankind drew with Triple H in a match for the number one contender for the WWF Championship, which resulted in a Triple Threat match between Steve Austin, Triple H and Mankind at SummerSlam where Mankind won the WWF Championship for
8510-653: A title shot against The Rock at Rock Bottom: In Your House . Mankind won the match by using his mandible claw hold (with the Mr. Socko prop on his hand) and the referee declared The Rock had become unresponsive. But McMahon overruled the title change because Mankind didn't keep his pre-match promise to make The Rock submit. After several weeks of going after the Corporation, Mankind defeated The Rock to win his first WWF Championship on December 29 in Worcester, Massachusetts . The taped show
8695-414: A winner, meaning that Mankind retained the title. The next night, Mr. McMahon booked a ladder match for the championship, which The Rock won with help from The Big Show . Mankind would go on to WrestleMania XV to defeat The Big Show and again at Backlash a month later in a violent and brutal Boiler Room Brawl (the first in the WWF since July 1996), where the objective of the match had been simplified from
8880-476: Is currently signed to WWE , under the company's "Legends" program, acting as a company ambassador. Foley worked for many wrestling promotions, including the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE), World Championship Wrestling (WCW), Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW), Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), and National Wrestling Alliance (NWA), as well as numerous promotions in Japan. He
9065-650: Is essentially a striving for realization of one's relationship to life and other people... Bob Stubbs, "Unicorn Philosophy" By February 1966, the "Family Dog" became "Family Dog Productions" under organizer Chet Helms , promoting happenings at the Avalon Ballroom and the Fillmore Auditorium in initial cooperation with Bill Graham . The Avalon Ballroom, the Fillmore Auditorium, and other venues provided settings where participants could partake of
9250-456: Is regarded as one of the company's most brutal matches. During the match, Foley took several violent and dangerous bumps from The Rock all over the arena, including repeated steel chair shots to the head and a fall from the stands onto solid electrical objects, which sparked upon impact. Although steel chair shots to the head were commonplace in the Attitude Era , the most a wrestler would take in
9435-466: Is widely regarded as one of the biggest stars of the Attitude Era and one of the greatest wrestlers in the history of professional wrestling, and headlined the 2000 edition of WWE's premier annual event, WrestleMania . He was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame class of 2013 . Foley has wrestled under his real name and various personas. His main persona during his time in WCW and ECW from 1991 to 1996
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#17328583741639620-699: The San Francisco Examiner , issue of September 5, 1965) by San Francisco journalist Michael Fallon. In that article, Fallon wrote about the Blue Unicorn Cafe ( coffeehouse ) (located at 1927 Hayes Street in the Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco), using the term hippie to refer to the new generation of beatniks who had moved from North Beach into the Haight-Ashbury district. A July 1967 Time magazine study on hippie philosophy credited
9805-539: The 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago in August, including nominating their own candidate, " Lyndon Pigasus Pig " (an actual pig), was also widely publicized in the media at this time. In Cambridge, Massachusetts hippies congregated each Sunday for a large "be-in" at Cambridge Common with swarms of drummers and those beginning the Women's Movement. In the United States, the Hippie movement started to be seen as part of
9990-589: The Beat Generation in the late 1950s. Beats like Allen Ginsberg crossed over from the beat movement and became fixtures of the burgeoning hippie and anti-war movements . By 1965, hippies had become an established social group in the U.S., and the movement eventually expanded to other countries, extending as far as the United Kingdom and Europe, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Japan, Mexico , and Brazil. The hippie ethos influenced The Beatles and others in
10175-639: The Beat Generation . Hippies created their own communities, listened to psychedelic music , embraced the sexual revolution , and many used drugs such as marijuana and LSD to explore altered states of consciousness . In 1967, the Human Be-In in Golden Gate Park , San Francisco, and the Monterey International Pop Festival popularized hippie culture, leading to the Summer of Love on
10360-510: The Diggers , a guerrilla street theatre group that combined spontaneous street theatre, anarchistic action, and art happenings in their agenda to create a "free city". By late 1966, the Diggers opened free stores which simply gave away their stock, provided free food, distributed free drugs, gave away money, organized free music concerts, and performed works of political art. On October 6, 1966,
10545-545: The ECW World Heavyweight Championship . During their match at Barbed Wire, Hoodies & Chokeslams , Cactus knocked Sandman unconscious and was declared the winner. Referee Bill Alfonso , however, reversed his decision because the title cannot change hands by knockout. Foley then continued to have a series of violent encounters with the Sandman while challenging him and claiming that he had never been beaten in
10730-559: The Headhunters , and Bob Bargail for multiple runs at the W*ING World Tag Team Championship , and a few runs at Tarzan Goto 's IWA World Heavyweight Championship . True to his hardcore style, other matches Foley took part in were more deathmatches that involved objects like bricks, body bags, thumbtacks, barbed wire and window panes, and some matches even involved fire. He would continue wrestling in Japan until June 1996;
10915-744: The Hostile City Showdown event on June 24 at the ECW Arena in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania . After being part of a talent exchange between ECW and WCW, Foley brought his WCW World Tag Team Championship belt and spit on it for a recorded ECW TV segment. Foley continued with ECW and began a feud with Sabu . Foley then began working the ECW tag team division on teams with Terry Funk , Mikey Whipwreck , and Kevin Sullivan . Cactus had two ECW World Tag Team Championship reigns with Whipwreck while in ECW, while at
11100-630: The Sharpshooter , McMahon ordered the timekeeper to ring the bell even though Mankind did not submit, a reference to the Montreal Screwjob from the year before. As a result of the Survivor Series, Mankind officially turned face, while The Rock turned heel and became the crown jewel in McMahon's new faction, the Corporation . After weeks of trying to get his hands on the Corporation, Mankind received
11285-511: The Sunset Strip curfew riots , also known as the "hippie riots", were a series of early counterculture -era clashes that took place between police and young people in 1966 and continuing on and off through the early 1970s. In 1966, annoyed residents and business owners in the district had encouraged the passage of strict (10:00 p.m.) curfew and loitering laws to reduce the traffic congestion resulting from crowds of young club patrons. This
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#173285837416311470-741: The United States Wrestling Association in Dallas, where he wrestled both as "Cactus Jack" and under a mask as "Zodiac #2". In July 1990, he wrestled for Tommy Dee at the Riverhead Raceway in Riverhead, New York , where he met his future wife Colette Christie. In September 1990, he began appearing with the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania -based Tri-State Wrestling Alliance (TWA), the precursor to Eastern Championship Wrestling , whose high-impact and violent wrestling style fit Foley well. In
11655-400: The boiler rooms of buildings, constantly squealed (even throughout his matches), randomly shrieked "Mommy!" , spoke to a rat named George, regularly took to acts of masochism (such as by pulling out his hair), and wore a mask seemingly constructed of oddly shaped pieces of leather that were patched together with rivets. Mankind's finishing move was the " Mandible Claw ". The move is based on
11840-585: The independent circuit , Foley began receiving offers from various regional promotions, including Bill Watts ' Universal Wrestling Federation (UWF). In 1988, he joined the Memphis, Tennessee -based Continental Wrestling Association (CWA), where he teamed with Gary Young as part of the Stud Stable . Cactus and Young briefly held the CWA Tag Team Championship in late 1988. In November 1988, Foley left
12025-433: The " New Left ", which was associated with anti-war college-campus protest movements. The New Left was a term used mainly in the United Kingdom and United States in reference to activists , educators , agitators and others in the 1960s and 1970s who sought to implement a broad range of reforms on issues such as gay rights, abortion, gender roles and drugs in contrast to earlier leftist or Marxist movements that had taken
12210-520: The "Family Dog" hosted " A Tribute to Dr. Strange " at Longshoreman's Hall. Attended by approximately one thousand of the Bay Area's original "hippies", this was San Francisco's first psychedelic rock performance, costumed dance and light show, featuring Jefferson Airplane , The Great Society and The Marbles. Two other events followed before year's end, one at "California Hall" and one at "the Matrix". After
12395-414: The "Mandibular Nerve Pinch", a finishing move developed and utilized by former osteopathic physician and neurosurgeon-turned-wrestler, Sam Sheppard . This finishing maneuver is a nerve hold that's applied when the aggressor plunges their middle and ring fingers into the opponent's mouth, under their tongue and into the soft tissue at the bottom of the mouth, while simultaneously forcing their jaw upwards with
12580-576: The 1962 success of his novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest in his San Francisco villa. Members included Beat Generation hero Neal Cassady , Ken Babbs , Carolyn Adams (aka Mountain Girl/Carolyn Garcia) , Stewart Brand , Del Close , Paul Foster , George Walker , Sandy Lehmann-Haupt and others. Their adventures were documented in Tom Wolfe 's book The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test . With Cassady at
12765-626: The 1968 spring equinox, when some 3,000 of them took over Grand Central Terminal in New York—eventually resulting in 61 arrests. Especially their leaders Abbie Hoffman and Jerry Rubin , the Yippies became notorious for their theatrics, such as trying to levitate the Pentagon at the October 1967 war protest, and such slogans as "Rise up and abandon the creeping meatball!" Their stated intention to protest
12950-484: The 1996 match to only having to escape the boiler room. Shortly after, Big Show would team with Mankind, Test and Shamrock to take on the Corporation at Over The Edge. Later in the year, Foley and The Rock patched up their friendship and teamed up to form a comedy team called the Rock 'n' Sock Connection , becoming one of the most popular teams during that time. The pair won the tag team titles on three occasions. One notable match
13135-406: The American folk music circuit. Berkeley's two coffee houses, "the Cabale Creamery" and "the Jabberwock", sponsored performances by folk music artists in a beat setting. In April 1963, Chandler A. Laughlin III, co-founder of the Cabale Creamery, established a kind of tribal, family identity among approximately fifty people who attended a traditional, all-night Native American peyote ceremony in
13320-435: The April 27, 1961 issue of The Village Voice , "An open letter to JFK & Fidel Castro", Norman Mailer utilizes the term hippies, in questioning JFK's behavior. In a 1961 essay, Kenneth Rexroth used both the terms hipster and hippies to refer to young people participating in black American or Beatnik nightlife. According to Malcolm X 's 1964 autobiography, the word hippie in 1940s Harlem had been used to describe
13505-726: The Beach in July 1994. After turning on Sullivan, Foley wrestled his final match for the company at Fall Brawl '94: War Games in September 1994, losing to Sullivan in a "loser leaves WCW" match . In October 1994, Foley joined Smoky Mountain Wrestling (SMW) as Cactus Jack, causing Boo Bradley to lose the SMW Beat the Champ Television Championship . He often teamed with Brian Lee to feud with Bradley and Chris Candido . Cactus then began
13690-562: The Bulldog alone the next week. Halfway into the match, however, Foley debuted a new face persona known as "Dude Love", who helped Austin take the victory, becoming the new Tag Team Champions. Dude Love had some new and renamed moves, such as the "Love Handle" (a renamed Mandible Claw) and "Sweet Shin Music" (a simple kick to the shins, a play on Shawn Michaels's superkick finishing move). Austin and Foley vacated their tag team titles when Austin suffered
13875-697: The CWA for the Texas-based World Class Wrestling Association (WCWA). In the WCWA, "Cactus Jack", billed as "Cactus Jack Manson", was a major part of Skandor Akbar 's stable (the addition of "Manson" to Foley's name, due to its implied connection to Charles Manson , made him uncomfortable). Foley also won several titles, including the WCWA World Light Heavyweight Championship and WCWA World Tag Team Championship . He left
14060-531: The Cell and landed on the ring mat, losing a tooth. Mankind lost the match to conclude their storyline. Following a couple of months of teaming with Kane who together won the WWF Tag Team Championship on two separate occasions and various feuds with Kane, Stone Cold Steve Austin, and The Undertaker, Foley decided that crowds might respond better if Mankind were more of a comedy character, and so he abandoned
14245-600: The Champions X: Texas Shootout , where he took a particularly brutal bump backward off the 3 feet (0.91 m) high apron and landed on the concrete floor, with his head and back taking the impact. Later that month, he formed the villainous " Sullivan's Slaughterhouse " stable with Kevin Sullivan and Bam Bam Bigelow and began a long feud with Norman the Lunatic . At the Capital Combat pay-per-view in May 1990,
14430-549: The Champions XVI: Fall Brawl , Cactus Jack burst out of a giant box and attacked Sting , the then- WCW World Heavyweight Champion . After feuds with Van Hammer and Abdullah the Butcher , Cactus Jack faced Sting in a non-title falls count anywhere match at Beach Blast in 1992, which Sting won. For a long time, Foley considered this the best match he ever worked. Unlike Jack's first stint in WCW, where his personality
14615-702: The Dallas-based Global Wrestling Federation , where he formed a short-lived tag team with Makhan Singh known as "Cartel". Cartel took part in a tournament for the newly created GWF Tag Team Championship , losing to Chris Walker and Steve Simpson in the semi-finals. Foley also competed in a tournament for the GWF North American Heavyweight Championship , losing to Terry Gordy in the quarter-finals. In August 1991 at TWA's Summer Sizzler event, Cactus Jack and Eddie Gilbert had three matches in one night: Cactus won
14800-431: The ECW fanbase everywhere he went. In February 1996 at CyberSlam , Cactus Jack was booked to face WWF hater Shane Douglas , who won after he handcuffed Cactus and then hit him with no fewer than ten consecutive chair shots, and when he put Jack into a figure four leglock , this allowed Mikey Whipwreck to get into the arena and land one last hard chair shot to Cactus's face, knocking him unconscious. Foley's last ECW match
14985-539: The Elder , Jesus , St. Francis of Assisi , Henry David Thoreau , Gandhi and J. R. R. Tolkien . The first signs of modern "proto-hippies" emerged at the end of the 19th century in Europe. Late 1890s to early 1900s, a German youth movement arose as a countercultural reaction to the organized social and cultural clubs that centered on "German folk music". Known as Der Wandervogel ("wandering bird"), this hippie movement opposed
15170-506: The Haight. According to the hippies, LSD was the glue that held the Haight together. It was the hippie sacrament, a mind detergent capable of washing away years of social programming, a re-imprinting device, a consciousness-expander, a tool that would push us up the evolutionary ladder. Jay Stevens In June 1967, Herb Caen was approached by "a distinguished magazine" to write about why hippies were attracted to San Francisco. He declined
15355-405: The Holding Company came on stage, and six thousand people arrived to imbibe punch spiked with LSD and to witness one of the first fully developed light shows of the era. It is nothing new. We have a private revolution going on. A revolution of individuality and diversity that can only be private. Upon becoming a group movement, such a revolution ends up with imitators rather than participants...It
15540-525: The LSD that became a seminal part of the "Red Dog Experience", the early evolution of psychedelic rock and budding hippie culture. At the "Red Dog Saloon", The Charlatans were the first psychedelic rock band to play live (albeit unintentionally) loaded on LSD. When they returned to San Francisco, "Red Dog" participants Luria Castell, Ellen Harman and Alton Kelley created a collective called "The Family Dog." Modeled on their "Red Dog experiences", on October 16, 1965,
15725-456: The Mat , which shows the impact the match had on Foley, his family, and even the rest of the audience at ringside, and at one point Foley's wife Collette and five-year-old daughter Noelle both cried and screamed in horror, with Noelle believing her father was dying as The Rock pummeled Foley with repeated chair shots. The match at this point had become so brutal that some people in the audience sitting in
15910-515: The Nasty Boys in a violently brutal and chaotic tag team Chicago Street Fight , where Cactus Jack lost the match after he was shoved off a 3 feet (0.91 m) high stage and landed back first on the concrete. Later that month, Cactus Jack formed a tag team with Kevin Sullivan , with the duo feuding with the Nasty Boys. Cactus Jack and Sullivan were scheduled to win the WCW World Tag Team Championship at Slamboree in May 1994. Foley had to choose between surgically reconstructing his ear or wrestling at
16095-466: The New Age Outlaws at WrestleMania XIV in a dumpster match to win the tag team titles (which was originally supposed to be a barbed-wire rope match- but this often violent and bloody match was scrapped due to the high-profile appearance of Mike Tyson taking part at the event). The next night, however, Vince McMahon stripped them of the belts, citing that Charlie and Cactus had put the Outlaws in
16280-630: The Pitbulls against Raven, Stevie Richards and the Dudley Brothers ( Dudley Dudley and Big Dick Dudley ). Cactus DDT'ed his partner and joined Raven's Nest , as he wished to serve Raven 's "higher purpose". He remained one of Raven's top henchmen for the remainder of his time in ECW. On August 28, Cactus beat the previously undefeated 911 . As part of Foley's heel gimmick , he began praising WWF and WCW on ECW television, which angered ECW fans. Their anger intensified once word began to spread that Foley
16465-547: The Ring 1998 in Pittsburgh 's Civic Arena on June 28, the two performed in the third Hell in a Cell match , which became one of the most notable matches in professional wrestling history. Foley received numerous injuries and took two dangerous and highly influential bumps – the first being tossed off the top of the 16 feet (4.9 m) high Cell by The Undertaker, crashing through the Spanish announcer's wooden table and landing on
16650-565: The Slaughterhouse lost to Norman the Lunatic and the Road Warriors in a six-man tag team match . It was during this period that Foley was involved in a car accident that resulted in the loss of his two front teeth, adding to the distinctive look for which he is famous. Foley left WCW in June 1990 after a conversation with booker Ole Anderson in which Anderson critiqued his style. After leaving WCW in June 1990, Foley briefly returned to
16835-619: The U.S. population and dwindled away by mid-1970s. Along with the New Left and the Civil Rights Movement , the hippie movement was one of three dissenting groups of the 1960s counterculture. Hippies rejected established institutions, criticized middle class values, opposed nuclear weapons and the Vietnam War , embraced aspects of Eastern philosophy , championed sexual liberation , were often vegetarian and eco-friendly , promoted
17020-436: The United Kingdom and other parts of Europe, and they in turn influenced their American counterparts. Hippie culture spread worldwide through a fusion of rock music , folk , blues , and psychedelic rock ; it also found expression in literature, the dramatic arts, fashion , and the visual arts, including film, posters advertising rock concerts, and album covers. In 1968, "core visible hippies" represented just under 0.2% of
17205-510: The United States in April 1991, Foley resumed wrestling for TWA and the UWF. In May 1991 at the TWA's "Spring Spectacular II" event, Foley faced Eddie Gilbert in a barbed wire match – a sight not often seen in professional wrestling in the United States, and an object Foley would often be associated with. Barbed wire would be wrapped with the ropes all around the ring, and Cactus and Gilbert both bled heavily;
17390-666: The United States, with 20,000 to 30,000 hippies gathering in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park. On March 26, 1967, Lou Reed , Edie Sedgwick and 10,000 hippies came together in Manhattan for the Central Park Be-In on Easter Sunday . The Monterey Pop Festival from June 16 to June 18, 1967, introduced the rock music of the counterculture to a wide audience and marked the start of the "Summer of Love". Scott McKenzie 's rendition of John Phillips ' song " San Francisco " became
17575-517: The WWF World Heavyweight Championship, which Undertaker had won at WrestleMania 13 . Undertaker won the match and Bearer took a leave of absence, continuing the feud. Jim Ross then began conducting a series of interviews with Mankind. During the interviews, Ross brought up the topic of Foley's home videos, the hippie-inspired character he played in them, Dude Love, and his tormented journey in wrestling. The interviews also affected
17760-597: The WWF owner as a father figure, into doing his bidding. McMahon created the WWF Hardcore Championship and awarded it to Mankind, making him the first-ever champion of the hardcore division. Mankind was then pushed as the favorite to win the WWF Championship at Survivor Series , as McMahon appeared to be manipulating the tournament so that Mankind would win. He and The Rock both reached the finals, where McMahon turned on Mankind. As The Rock placed Mankind in
17945-534: The WWF's first-ever empty arena match in Tucson, Arizona , on January 31. After 20 minutes of brawling in the ring, the empty grandstands, a kitchen, the arena's hallways, an office, and the catering hall, Mankind took a filthy sock off his foot and stuffed it into The Rock's mouth and then used a forklift to pin a subdued Rock in a basement loading area. The two then competed in a Last Man Standing match at St. Valentine's Day Massacre: In Your House , which ended without
18130-509: The Wandervogel. Songwriter eden ahbez wrote a hit song called Nature Boy inspired by Robert Bootzin ( Gypsy Boots ), who helped popularize health-consciousness, yoga , and organic food in the United States. The hippie movement in the United States began as a youth movement. Composed mostly of white teenagers and young adults between 15 and 25 years old, hippies inherited a tradition of cultural dissent from bohemians and beatniks of
18315-569: The West Coast of the United States, and the 1969 Woodstock Festival on the East Coast. Hippies in Mexico, known as jipitecas , formed La Onda (The Wave) and gathered at Avándaro , while in New Zealand, nomadic housetruckers practiced alternative lifestyles and promoted sustainable energy at Nambassa . In the United Kingdom in 1970, many gathered at the gigantic third Isle of Wight Festival with
18500-612: The White House and chatted with a group of the hippie protesters. The draft was ended soon thereafter, in January 1973. During the mid-late 1970s, with the end of the draft and the Vietnam War , a renewal of patriotic sentiment associated with the approach of the United States Bicentennial , the decline in popularity of psychedelic rock, and the emergence of new genres such as prog rock , heavy metal , disco , and punk rock ,
18685-409: The airport to take him back to his Long Island home, and immediately smelt something unusual. When Foley got home, his father and wife kept asking him about the awful smell, but he would not say anything, not wanting them to worry. After his father left, his wife persisted, so he revealed the burns to her. Foley continued wrestling in Japan, Later on, he teamed with Tracy Smothers , Tiger Jeet Singh ,
18870-496: The arena a minute or so before their match ended. Howard Finkel, the ring announcer there announced that Austin, who was the hottest wrestler in the WWE at the time would be making an appearance- and the crowd exploded at the news, and many rushed back to their seats. Foley later admitted that this crowd reaction emotionally hurt him, that his hard work could not compete with Austin's popularity and that he would be just another wrestler to face
19055-413: The arena's boiler room, the combatant also had to reach the ring and take the urn from Paul Bearer. After more than 20 minutes of brawling in the boiler room, the backstage corridors, and the entrance ramp, and both men taking some bumps involving metal trash cans, tables, ladders, metal poles, hot coffee, and the exposed concrete floor, The Undertaker appeared to have won, but Paul Bearer refused to hand him
19240-403: The arena's concrete floor. Barely five minutes after the first bump, Foley, with a separated shoulder, climbed back up to the top of the Cell structure after Terry Funk and others tried to stop him. The second bump, which was an unplanned botch , occurred when The Undertaker chokeslammed Foley and the fenced panel Foley landed on broke and gave way. Foley then plunged 13 feet (4.0 m) through
19425-463: The assignment but interviewed hippies in the Haight for his own newspaper column in the San Francisco Chronicle . Caen determined that, "Except in their music, they couldn't care less about the approval of the straight world." Caen himself felt that the city of San Francisco was so straight that it provided a visible contrast with hippie culture. On July 7, 1967 Time magazine featured
19610-449: The bands they loved, living communally in the large, inexpensive Victorian apartments in the Haight-Ashbury . Young Americans around the country began moving to San Francisco, and by June 1966, around 15,000 hippies had moved into the Haight. The Charlatans , Jefferson Airplane , Big Brother and the Holding Company , and the Grateful Dead all moved to San Francisco's Haight-Ashbury neighborhood during this period. Activity centered on
19795-628: The city of Berkeley by the California National Guard . Flower power came into its own during this occupation as hippies engaged in acts of civil disobedience to plant flowers in empty lots all over Berkeley under the slogan "Let a Thousand Parks Bloom". In August 1969, the Woodstock Music and Art Fair took place in Bethel, New York , which for many, exemplified the best of hippie counterculture. Over 500,000 people arrived to hear some of
19980-461: The company in August 1989 after losing a loser leaves town match to Eric Embry in nine seconds. He then briefly competed in Alabama's Continental Wrestling Federation . In November 1989, Foley began wrestling for World Championship Wrestling (WCW) as "Cactus Jack". His debut match, which aired on NWA World Championship Wrestling , saw him partnered with a one-time jobber named Rick Fargo to face
20165-456: The company's megastar. Vince McMahon explained to Austin the next week that he would face a "mystery" opponent at Unforgiven: In Your House . That opponent turned out to be Dude Love, who won the match by disqualification, meaning that Austin retained the title. McMahon, displeased with the outcome, required Foley to prove he deserved another shot at Austin's title with a number one contenders match against his former partner, Terry Funk. The match
20350-627: The country, which played a significant role in spreading hippie ideals throughout America. In December 1969, a rock festival took place in Altamont, California , about 45 km (30 miles) east of San Francisco. Initially billed as "Woodstock West", its official name was the Altamont Free Concert . About 300,000 people gathered to hear The Rolling Stones ; Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young ; Jefferson Airplane and other bands. The Hells Angels provided security that proved far less benevolent than
20535-426: The developing psychedelic rock scene. He and his cohorts created at this very place what became known as " The Red Dog Experience ", featuring previously unknown musical acts— Grateful Dead , Jefferson Airplane , Big Brother and the Holding Company , Quicksilver Messenger Service , The Charlatans , and others—who played in the completely refurbished, intimate setting of Nevada, Virginia City's "Red Dog Saloon". There
20720-606: The early 1970s. Large rock concerts that originated with the 1967 KFRC Fantasy Fair and Magic Mountain Music Festival and Monterey Pop Festival and the British Isle of Wight Festival in 1968 became the norm, evolving into stadium rock in the process. The anti-war movement reached its peak at the 1971 May Day Protests as over 12,000 protesters were arrested in Washington, D.C.; President Nixon himself actually ventured out of
20905-495: The end of 1967, many of the hippies and musicians who initiated the Summer of Love had moved on. Beatle George Harrison had once visited Haight-Ashbury and found it to be just a haven for dropouts, inspiring him to give up LSD. Misgivings about the hippie culture, particularly with regard to substance use and lenient morality, fueled the moral panics of the late 1960s. By 1968, hippie-influenced fashions were beginning to take off in
21090-474: The entrance ramp; but, after the sixth shot, Foley was still at ringside and, even after Foley signaled to The Rock to hit him in the back, The Rock decided to keep to the match's brutal tone based on Foley's previous on-the-fly calling of similar shots on the spot, and he hit Foley five more times in the head until they got to the two-thirds mark. This match is featured in Barry Blaustein's documentary Beyond
21275-445: The fact that LSD had just been made illegal—and to demonstrate that people who used LSD were not criminals, nor were they mentally ill. The Grateful Dead played, and some sources claim that LSD was consumed at the rally. According to Cohen, those who took LSD "were not guilty of using illegal substances...We were celebrating transcendental consciousness, the beauty of the universe, the beauty of being." In West Hollywood , California ,
21460-533: The fans, who began cheering Mankind, even though he was still a heel at this point. Around this time, Stone Cold Steve Austin and Shawn Michaels won the WWF Tag Team Championships from Owen Hart and the British Bulldog , but Michaels was injured and could no longer compete. Mankind tried to replace him, but Austin said he wanted "nothing to do with a freak" and resigned himself to facing Hart and
21645-457: The first several decades of the 20th century, Germans settled around the United States, bringing the values of this German youth culture. Some opened the first health food stores , and many moved to southern California where they introduced an alternative lifestyle. One group, called the "Nature Boys", took to the California desert and raised organic food, espousing a back-to-nature lifestyle like
21830-431: The first three "Family Dog" events, a much larger psychedelic event occurred at San Francisco's "Longshoreman's Hall". Called "The Trips Festival ", it took place on January 21 – 23, 1966, and was organized by Stewart Brand , Ken Kesey , Owsley Stanley and others. Ten thousand people attended this sold-out event, with a thousand more turned away each night. On Saturday January 22, the Grateful Dead and Big Brother and
22015-507: The first-ever buried alive match at In Your House 11: Buried Alive . Undertaker won the match, but Paul Bearer, the Executioner , Mankind and other heels attacked The Undertaker and buried him alive. Afterward, The Undertaker challenged Mankind to a match at Survivor Series 1996 , which the Undertaker won. The feud continued after another match at In Your House 14: Revenge of the 'Taker for
22200-623: The form of the Sharon Tate and Leno and Rosemary LaBianca murders committed in August 1969 by Charles Manson and his "family" of followers. Nevertheless, the turbulent political atmosphere that featured the bombing of Cambodia and shootings by National Guardsmen at Jackson State University and Kent State University still brought people together. These shootings inspired the May 1970 song by Quicksilver Messenger Service "What About Me?", where they sang, "You keep adding to my numbers as you shoot my people down", as well as Neil Young 's " Ohio ",
22385-416: The formality of traditional German clubs, instead emphasizing folk music and singing, creative dress, and outdoor life involving hiking and camping. Inspired by the works of Goethe , Friedrich Nietzsche , and Hermann Hesse , Wandervogel attracted thousands of young Germans who rejected the rapid trend toward urbanization and yearned for the pagan , back-to-nature spiritual life of their ancestors. During
22570-509: The foundation of the hippie movement with historical precedent as far back as the sadhu of India, the spiritual seekers who had renounced the world and materialistic pursuits by taking " Sannyas ". Even the counterculture of the Ancient Greeks, espoused by philosophers like Diogenes of Sinope and the cynics were also early forms of hippie culture. It also named as notable influences the religious and spiritual teachings of Buddha , Hillel
22755-430: The freedom to dress up for weekly musical performances at their favorite ballrooms. As San Francisco Chronicle music columnist Ralph J. Gleason put it, "They danced all night long, orgiastic, spontaneous and completely free form." Some of the earliest San Francisco hippies were former students at San Francisco State College who became intrigued by the developing psychedelic hippie music scene. These students joined
22940-400: The front furiously showed signs of disapproval at The Rock and shouted at him and the referee to stop the match. The match ended after Mankind lost consciousness, and The Rock's allies played a recording of Mankind saying "I Quit" from an earlier interview he did with Shane McMahon. Mankind won the title back in a rematch on Halftime Heat, which aired during halftime of Super Bowl XXXIII , in
23125-455: The full psychedelic music experience. Bill Ham, who had pioneered the original "Red Dog" light shows, perfected his art of liquid light projection , which combined light shows and film projection and became synonymous with the "San Francisco ballroom experience". The sense of style and costume that began at the "Red Dog Saloon" flourished when San Francisco's Fox Theater went out of business and hippies bought up its costume stock, reveling in
23310-605: The golden age of the hippie movement were those born soon after the end of WW2, during the late 1940s and early 1950s. These include the youngest of the Silent Generation and oldest of the Baby Boomers ; the former who were the actual leaders of the movement as well as the early pioneers of rock music . Lexicographer Jesse Sheidlower , the principal American editor of the Oxford English Dictionary , argues that
23495-473: The growing countercultural New Age movement of the 1970s. While many hippies made a long-term commitment to the lifestyle, some people argue that hippies "sold out" during the 1980s and became part of the materialist, self-centered consumer yuppie culture. Although not as visible as it once was, hippie culture has never died out completely: hippies and neo-hippies can still be found on college campuses, on communes, and at gatherings and festivals. Many embrace
23680-485: The hippie counterculture with stereotypical situations associated with the movement such as cannabis and LSD use, sex and wild psychedelic parties. Examples include The Love-ins , Psych-Out , The Trip , and Wild in the Streets . Other more serious and more critically acclaimed films about the hippie counterculture also appeared such as Easy Rider and Alice's Restaurant . (See also: List of films related to
23865-523: The hippie subculture .) Documentaries and television programs have also been produced until today as well as fiction and nonfiction books . The popular Broadway musical Hair was presented in 1967. People commonly label other cultural movements of that period as hippie, but there are differences. For example, hippies were often not directly engaged in politics, as contrasted with "Yippies" (Youth International Party), an activist organization. The Yippies came to national attention during their celebration of
24050-441: The intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cactus_Jack&oldid=1228261763 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Mick Foley Michael Francis Foley (born June 7, 1965) is an American retired professional wrestler and author. He
24235-450: The last notable match Foley had as Cactus Jack in Japan was a "Caribbean barbed wire barricade glass deathmatch" against W*ING Kanemura , which Cactus won. In 1996, at the persistence of Jim Ross , whom Foley had known in his days in WCW, WWF head Vince McMahon had Foley sign a contract with WWF, and this time it wasn't to use Foley as " enhancement talent ". McMahon was not a fan of Cactus Jack and wanted to cover up Foley's face, so he
24420-512: The mainstream media lost interest in the hippie counterculture. At the same time there was a revival of the Mod subculture , skinheads , teddy boys and the emergence of new youth cultures, like the punks , goths (an arty offshoot of punk), and football casuals ; starting in the late 1960s in Britain, hippies had begun to come under attack by skinheads. Many hippies would adapt and become members of
24605-476: The mainstream, especially for youths and younger adults of the populous baby boomer generation, many of whom may have aspired to emulate the hardcore movements now living in tribalistic communes, but had no overt connections to them. This was noticed not only in terms of clothes and longer hair for men, but also in music, film, art and literature, not just in the United States, but around the world. Eugene McCarthy 's brief presidential campaign successfully persuaded
24790-434: The match ended when Gilbert threw Cactus into the ring ropes and he did a hangman — a planned move where a wrestler's head is tangled between the top two ring ropes – only this time his head was tangled with the ring ropes and barbed wire. The following month, at UWF's Beach Brawl pay-per-view, Foley teamed with Bob Orton in a loss to Wet 'n' Wild (Steve Ray and Sunny Beach ). In July and August 1991, Foley appeared with
24975-538: The match's no disqualification and no count-out rules. The objective of the match, in most cases, was to escape the boiler room first. On the April 1, 1996, episode of Monday Night Raw in San Bernardino, California , the day after WrestleMania XII , Mankind debuted on television and defeated Bob "Spark Plug" Holly , quickly moving into a feud with The Undertaker . At In Your House 7: Good Friends, Better Enemies later that month, The Undertaker defeated Mankind in
25160-569: The match, both men were covered in blood, ravaged by flesh cuts from the wire, and badly burned by the C-4 explosions. Foley later said that he only received $ 300 (equivalent to $ 600 in 2023) for the entire night. After the tournament, Foley's right arm had second-degree burns from the C-4 explosions from the match with Funk and his arm smelt of explosive chemicals. After a 14-hour flight from Tokyo 's Narita Airport to JFK Airport his father picked him up from
25345-581: The most notable musicians and bands of the era, among them Canned Heat , Richie Havens , Joan Baez , Janis Joplin , Grateful Dead , Creedence Clearwater Revival , Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young , Carlos Santana , Sly and the Family Stone , The Who , Jefferson Airplane and Jimi Hendrix . Wavy Gravy 's Hog Farm provided security and attended to practical needs, and the hippie ideals of love and human fellowship seemed to have gained real-world expression. Similar rock festivals occurred in other parts of
25530-498: The pay-per-view and winning the titles. Foley opted to wrestle and won his only championship in WCW, defeating the Nasty Boys in a " Broad Street Bully match " with Dave Schultz as the special guest referee. During Cactus Jack's reign as WCW World Tag Team Champion, WCW shared a brief co-promotion with ECW during this time in which Cactus Jack represented WCW on ECW Hardcore TV as the WCW Tag Team Champion, culminating in
25715-534: The point that they offered Foley a contract, and Foley finally found some financial stability after years of hardship. Over the following months, Cactus Jack would generally team with jobbers. When the jobber would lose the match for the team, Cactus Jack would attack his partner, throw them out of the ring, and deliver his infamous ring apron flying elbow drop onto the concrete floor. Foley's biggest match to date came in February 1990 against Mil Máscaras at Clash of
25900-415: The police, who saw the hippie movement as dangerous. The resulting legal actions and pressure caused Helms and Bob Cohen to close the venue at the end of that year. By the end of the summer, the Haight-Ashbury scene had deteriorated. The incessant media coverage led the Diggers to declare the "death" of the hippie with a parade. According to poet Susan 'Stormi' Chambless, the hippies buried an effigy of
26085-645: The public in the form of festivals and concerts. The Grateful Dead wrote a song about the Merry Pranksters' bus trips called "That's It for the Other One". In 1961, Vito Paulekas and his wife Szou established in Hollywood a clothing boutique which was credited with being one of the first to introduce "hippie" fashions. During this period Greenwich Village in New York City and Berkeley , California anchored
26270-574: The ratings indicate that large numbers of viewers switched from Nitro to Raw to see him win the title and took great personal pride from this – and WCW never beat the WWF in the television ratings ever again. Mankind lost the WWF Championship to The Rock in an "I Quit" match (a type of submission match ) at the Royal Rumble at the Arrowhead Pond in Anaheim, California , near Los Angeles , in what
26455-511: The ring names "Jack Foley" and "Nick Foley." Notably, a ring announcer once mispronounced Foley's last name as "Faley" before a match against Kamala on a 1987 episode of WWF Wrestling Challenge. In another match (the second episode of Superstars ), Foley and Les Thornton faced the British Bulldogs , during which the Dynamite Kid (who had a long earned reputation as a stiff worker in
26640-437: The ring) clotheslined Foley with such force that he was unable to eat solid food for several weeks. During these squash matches, Foley also faced other top-level talents at the time, such as Hercules Hernandez . His run would not last long, as he had not signed a contract with the promotion at the time. During this run, he was also billed from different hometowns and at different weights. After two years of relative obscurity on
26825-465: The rising tag team of brothers Rick Steiner and Scott Steiner – two of the stiffest and toughest workers in wrestling at the time. After taking brutal bumps from both Steiner brothers and losing the match, Cactus then began fighting with Fargo, and then jumped nearly 12 feet (3.7 m) off the apron to elbow Fargo in the abdomen, per Kevin Sullivan's instructions. Lead WCW booker Ric Flair , Sullivan, and other WCW executives were impressed with this to
27010-436: The ropes and fell out of the ring, his ears were badly split at the back. When Cactus re-entered the ring, the two wrestlers began trading blows. During this time, Vader reached up and grabbed Cactus's right ear, and ripped it off. The two men continued wrestling as the referee picked up the ear and gave it to the ring announcer. Vader claimed for years after that the ear had come off during the botched Hangman maneuver, however in
27195-461: The same month he began wrestling for Herb Abrams ' Reseda, California -based Universal Wrestling Federation (UWF), appearing on its UWF Fury Hour program. Foley wrestled for both the TWA and the UWF until March 1991. In March 1991, Foley (as Cactus Jack) made his first excursion to Japan, wrestling for Giant Baba 's All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW) promotion as part of its Champion Carnival round-robin tournament . He scored zero points in
27380-483: The same time he was training the young Whipwreck. After a stint in Smoky Mountain Wrestling , Foley returned to ECW to feud with The Sandman . Funk returned to team up with Sandman, and during a particularly violent spot, the pair hit Cactus Jack with a kendo stick forty-six times in a barbed wire rope match. Cactus then defeated Funk at Hostile City Showdown 1995 . Later, he repeatedly fought Sandman for
27565-505: The seating area amongst the crowd, with folding chairs flying everywhere. After several brutal spots involving flaming chairs, flaming iron rods, Funk Hip-tossing Cactus into a flaming chair and Funk slamming Cactus's head into a wooden table, Funk reversed a Spinebuster by Cactus into a DDT and pinned him to win the match. In 2010 Foley wrote that, "looking back that match in Honjo is probably the performance I'm proudest of." Cactus Jack later began
27750-582: The security provided at the Woodstock event: 18-year-old Meredith Hunter was stabbed and killed by one of the Hells Angels during The Rolling Stones' performance after he brandished a gun and waved it toward the stage. By the 1970s, the 1960s zeitgeist that had spawned hippie culture seemed to be on the wane. The events at the Altamont Free Concert shocked many Americans, including those who had strongly identified with hippie culture. Another shock came in
27935-520: The sock on his hand before applying his finisher, the Mandible Claw , stuffing a smelly sock in the mouths of opposing wrestlers. Mankind also became a smelly sock puppeteer, having the sock “speak” in a high-pitched voice. The sweatsock became massively popular with the fans, mainly because it was marketed (mostly by Jerry "The King" Lawler during the events) as being a dirty, smelly, sweaty, repulsive, and vile sock. McMahon manipulated Mankind, who saw
28120-471: The special referee. However, the Undertaker came to ringside to ensure McMahon called the match fairly, and with his presence, Dude Love lost the match and was "fired" by McMahon on the June 1 episode of Raw . On that same episode of Raw , Foley reverted to his Mankind character, who had become a more human and less creature-like character and began wearing an untucked dress shirt with a loose necktie, and also resumed his feud with The Undertaker. At King of
28305-435: The spot, and the audience's response to Smith's botch was "you fucked up". These incidents angered the normally jovial Foley so much that he furiously cut several memorable and scathing promos during this period to channel his intense frustration and anger toward ECW fans, who he felt asked too much from him and the ECW roster. Foley then began a gimmick where he criticized hardcore wrestling and sought to renounce his status as
28490-539: The state of California declared LSD a controlled substance, which made the drug illegal. In response to the criminalization of LSD, San Francisco hippies staged a gathering in the Golden Gate Park panhandle , called the Love Pageant Rally , attracting an estimated 700–800 people. As explained by Allan Cohen, co-founder of the San Francisco Oracle , the purpose of the rally was twofold: to draw attention to
28675-427: The summer of 1967. The media was right behind them, casting a spotlight on the Haight-Ashbury district and popularizing the "hippie" label. With this increased attention, hippies found support for their ideals of love and peace but were also criticized for their anti-work, pro-drug, and permissive ethos. At this point, The Beatles had released their groundbreaking album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band , which
28860-482: The terms hipster and hippie are derived from the word hip , whose origins are unknown. The word hip in the sense of "aware, in the know" is first attested in a 1902 cartoon by Tad Dorgan , and first appeared in prose in a 1904 novel by George Vere Hobart (1867–1926), Jim Hickey: A Story of the One-Night Stands , where an African-American character uses the slang phrase "Are you hip?" The term hipster
29045-438: The thumb or palm of the same hand; clamping pressure is then applied between the fingers inside the mouth, and the thumb or palm under the jaw. If applied genuinely and correctly, it purportedly compresses the two nerves within the tissues of the mandible which render the opponent's jaw paralyzed, thus preventing the opponent from breaking the hold by biting the aggressing wrestler's fingers. Its proper application purportedly causes
29230-404: The tortured soul characteristics and became more of a goofy, broken down oaf. He began the transition into this character following SummerSlam in 1998 after Kane turned on him and the two lost the tag team championships. The following month, Foley began an angle with Vince McMahon, with Mankind trying to be a friend to the hated Mr. McMahon. On the October 5 episode of Raw is War , while McMahon
29415-719: The tournament, losing to Jumbo Tsuruta , Danny Spivey , Johnny Smith , Toshiaki Kawada , Akira Taue , and Danny Kroffat . In addition to competing in the tournament, Foley and Texas Terminator Hoss wrestled several tag team matches, facing opponents including André the Giant , Dory Funk Jr. , Terry Funk , and Johnny Ace . During one bout, Foley accidentally broke the elbow of Ace – the favorite wrestler of Giant Baba's wife – which Foley attributes to his not being invited back to AJPW, coupled with Baba's reservations about Foley's dress sense and wrestling style (which had drawn unwelcome comparisons to Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling , regarded by Baba as garbage wrestling ). Returning to
29600-455: The urn, allowing Mankind to win, thus (for the time being) ending the relationship between Paul and The Undertaker. While Paul Bearer was Mankind's manager, Mankind referred to him as "Uncle Paul". Mankind then became the number one contender to face the then WWF Champion Shawn Michaels at In Your House: Mind Games . Michaels won by disqualification via interference by Vader and The Undertaker. The Mankind and Undertaker rivalry continued with
29785-399: The use of psychedelic drugs which they believed expanded one's consciousness, and created intentional communities or communes. They used alternative arts, street theatre , folk music , and psychedelic rock as a part of their lifestyle and as a way of expressing their feelings, their protests, and their vision of the world and life. Hippies opposed political and social orthodoxy, choosing
29970-519: The wheel of a school bus named Further , the Merry Pranksters traveled across the United States to celebrate the publication of Kesey's novel Sometimes a Great Notion and to visit the 1964 World's Fair in New York City. The Merry Pranksters were known for using cannabis , amphetamine , and LSD , and during their journey they "turned on" many people to these drugs . The Merry Pranksters filmed and audio-taped their bus trips, creating an immersive multimedia experience that would later be presented to
30155-454: The wheel stopping at this match choice. Race won the match for Vader by using a stun gun on Cactus, knocking him out. The level of violence and brutality involved in this match left the crowd and commentators Tony Schiavone and Jesse Ventura in stunned disbelief; both did not commentate much throughout the second half of the match. It also caused WCW, a promotion marketing itself as family friendly to refuse to book Cactus Jack against Vader on
30340-492: Was Cactus Jack , a dastardly, bloodthirsty and uncompromisingly physical brawler from Truth or Consequences, New Mexico , who wore cowboy boots and often used sharp metallic objects, such as barbed wire, thumbtacks, and trashcans. When Foley first appeared in the WWF in 1996, he debuted the persona known as Mankind , an eerie, masochistic , mentally deranged lunatic who was masked and spent his spare time dwelling in mechanical rooms . The following year, Foley debuted Dude Love ,
30525-450: Was "Have a nice day!" and his association with boiler rooms led to his specialty match, dubbed the boiler room brawl . This specialty match is chaotic and dangerous with significant violent use of weaponry all taking place inside an arena's mechanical/boiler room. Combatants involved made use of everything from foreign objects to all sorts of exposed metal piping with large bolts, concrete flooring to solid electrical equipment, all allowed by
30710-432: Was a Buried Alive match that pitted the Rock 'n' Sock Connection against The Undertaker and The Big Show, who were out for revenge after losing the tag titles one week earlier. This match included a spot where The Big Show tossed Mankind off the stage, landing hard on the dirt and falling into the grave- Mankind traveled nearly 25 feet (7.6 m) in total. Foley then helped Raw is War achieve its highest ratings ever with
30895-432: Was a classmate and wrestling teammate of actor Kevin James . In October 1983, while a student at the State University of New York at Cortland , Foley hitchhiked to Madison Square Garden to see his favorite wrestler, "Superfly" Jimmy Snuka , in a steel cage match against Don Muraco . He has said that Snuka's flying body splash from the top of the cage inspired him to pursue a career in professional wrestling. He had
31080-472: Was afterward handcuffed by police), erupted in protest against the perceived repressive enforcement of these recently invoked curfew laws. This incident provided the basis for the 1967 low-budget teen exploitation film Riot on Sunset Strip , and inspired multiple songs including the famous Buffalo Springfield song " For What It's Worth ". On January 14, 1967, the outdoor Human Be-In organized by Michael Bowen helped to popularize hippie culture across
31265-605: Was against Whipwreck on March 9, 1996, at Big Ass Extreme Bash , and he recounts that he was not looking forward to it due to the increasingly hostile reactions he got even when he wasn't in character. The ECW fans, who knew that this was Foley's last match, finally returned his affection. They cheered him throughout the match and chanted, "Please don't go!". After the match, Foley told the audience that their reaction made everything worthwhile and made his exit by dancing with Stevie Richards and The Blue Meanie to Frank Sinatra 's song " New York, New York ". Foley has said that this exit
31450-460: Was at a much higher level than in Western promotions (except for ECW), something Western wrestlers were not accustomed to. Cactus faced Funk in a No Ropes Barbed Wire Scramble Bunkhouse Deathmatch at the Honjo Gymnasium in Saitama , just north of Tokyo in front of 150 people in a match that involved barbed wire as the ring ropes and objects set on fire. This turned out to be a particularly chaotic and brutal match where Foley and Funk mostly brawled in
31635-430: Was both the WWF's first-ever " hardcore match " and the first time that Foley wrestled under his name. Foley won, and after the match, a proud McMahon came out to Dude Love's music and presented Foley with the Dude Love costume. At Over the Edge: In Your House , Dude Love took on Austin for the title. McMahon designated his subordinates Gerald Brisco and Pat Patterson as the timekeeper and ring announcer and made himself
31820-449: Was broadcast on January 4, 1999, so that is the date WWE recognizes as beginning the title run. Having title changes on broadcast television rather than pay-per-view was uncommon in professional wrestling, but because of the Monday Night War , television ratings became more important. The head of rival promotion WCW Eric Bischoff , attempting to take advantage of the fact that their show Monday Nitro aired live while Mankind's title victory
32005-436: Was coined by Harry Gibson in 1944. By the 1940s, the terms hip , hep and hepcat were popular in Harlem jazz slang, although hep eventually came to denote an inferior status to hip . In Greenwich Village in the early 1960s, New York City , young counterculture advocates were named hips because they were considered "in the know" or "cool", as opposed to being square , meaning conventional and old-fashioned. In
32190-559: Was disgruntled by the commentary of Tony Schiavone and Bobby Heenan , which failed to reference the events of the prior year. Frustrated by WCW and the company's new head Eric Bischoff 's reluctance to work a storyline with Vader around losing his ear. This frustration turned into a realization for Foley- after being unable to see a positive or lucrative future for himself with Bischoff in charge, Foley decided not to renew his contract with WCW. At Spring Stampede in April 1994, Cactus Jack and Maxx Payne faced WCW World Tag Team Champions
32375-407: Was explained with a farcical comedy storyline in which he went crazy, was institutionalized, then escaped, and then developed amnesia. Foley had wanted the injury storyline to be serious and generate genuine sympathy for him before his return. The comedy vignettes that WCW produced instead were so bad that Foley jokes in Have a Nice Day that they were the brainchild of WCW executives who regarded
32560-429: Was his favorite moment in wrestling. In 1995, during his time in ECW and other promotions in the United States, Foley also went to Japan and wrestled in International Wrestling Association of Japan (IWA Japan), where he engaged in feuds with Terry Funk and Shoji Nakamaki. During his brief stint in Japan, Foley had the nickname "Tsunami Stopper." The level of violence and brutality in hardcore wrestling matches in Japan
32745-446: Was in a hospital nursing wounds suffered at the hands of The Undertaker and Kane, Mankind arrived with a female clown called Yurple in an attempt to cheer him up. Having succeeded only in irritating McMahon, Mankind then took a disgusting sock off his foot and placed it on his hand to create a sock puppet named "Mr. Socko". Intended to be a one-time joke and suggested by Al Snow , Socko became an overnight sensation. Mankind began putting
32930-428: Was leaving to join the WWF (In Have a Nice Day , Foley recounted an incident where he asked an ECW roadie to sell T-shirts for him at an event held in a Queens, New York venue where he had been popular even as a heel; the man came back after being spat upon numerous times by angry fans, who made him fear for his life ). Even when he tried to give sincere good-byes to the fans, Foley was met with chants of "You sold out" by
33115-531: Was no clear delineation between "performers" and "audience" in "The Red Dog Experience", during which music, psychedelic experimentation, a unique sense of personal style, and Bill Ham's first primitive light shows combined to create a new sense of community. Laughlin and George Hunter of the Charlatans were true "proto-hippies", with their long hair , boots, and outrageous clothing of 19th-century American (and Native American) heritage. LSD manufacturer Owsley Stanley lived in Berkeley during 1965 and provided much of
33300-596: Was perceived by young, local rock music fans as an infringement on their civil rights , and on Saturday, November 12, 1966, fliers were distributed along the Strip inviting people to demonstrate later that day. Hours before the protest one of the rock 'n' roll radio stations in L.A. announced there would be a rally at Pandora's Box , a club at the corner of Sunset Boulevard and Crescent Heights, and cautioned people to tread carefully. The Los Angeles Times reported that as many as 1,000 youthful demonstrators, including such celebrities as Jack Nicholson and Peter Fonda (who
33485-420: Was quickly embraced by the hippie movement with its colorful psychedelic sonic imagery. In 1967 Chet Helms brought the Haight Ashbury hippie and psychedelic scene to Denver , when he opened the Family Dog Denver , modeled on his Avalon Ballroom in San Francisco. The music venue created a nexus for the hippie movement in the western-minded Denver, which led to serious conflicts with city leaders, parents and
33670-402: Was quieter, he was now outwardly maniacal; laughing hysterically, shrieking into the air while choking his opponents and yelling his signature catchphrase "Bang-Bang!". At Clash of the Champions XX in September 1992, Cactus Jack unsuccessfully challenged Ron Simmons for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship. After spending a year and a half with WCW as a heel, Cactus Jack transitioned into
33855-544: Was seen live by tens of thousands of people, and each level of the tournament featured a new and deadly gimmick : Cactus Jack's first-round during the day was a barbed-wire baseball bat, thumbtack deathmatch, in which he defeated Terry Gordy; the second round was a barbed-wire board, bed of nails match where Cactus Jack defeated Shoji Nakamaki. At night against Terry Funk, the final was a barbed-wire rope, exploding barbed wire boards and exploding ring time bomb deathmatch, which Cactus Jack won with help from Tiger Jeet Singh . After
34040-436: Was shown several designs for a new heel character–a man with a leather mask and chains, called "Mason the Mutilator". However, WWF decided that character as a whole was too dark and only kept the mask. Although interested in the concept of the character, Foley did not like the name, so he came up with the new name "Mankind", which McMahon liked and approved of. Mankind was an eerie and mentally deranged miscreant who dwelled in
34225-419: Was taped the week before, had announcer Tony Schiavone reveal the ending of the Mankind-Rock match before it aired. He then added sarcastically, "That's gonna put some butts in the seats." The move backfired for WCW, as Nielsen ratings showed that Raw won the ratings battle that night, despite the Hulk Hogan vs. Kevin Nash main event which led to the reformation of the New World Order (nWo). Foley said that
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