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71-455: It is operated by Vinci SA . The airport was commissioned on October 28, 1970. Previously operated by Infraero , on April 7, 2021 Vinci SA won a 30-year concession to operate the airport. The airport is located 14 km (9 mi) from downtown Cruzeiro do Sul. Vinci SA Vinci (corporately styled VINCI ) is a French concessions and construction company founded in 1899 as Société Générale d'Entreprises. Its head office

142-552: A 9.8-mile (15.8 km) tunnel under the Chiltern Hills , to emerge near South Heath , northwest of Amersham . The route will roughly parallel the A413 road and the London to Aylesbury Line , to the west of Wendover . This is a green cut-and-cover tunnel under farmland, with soil spread over the final construction in order to reduce visual impact and noise, and allow use of the land above

213-519: A branch to the Midland Main Line north of Derby for trains to continue to Sheffield. The original scheme also included a through station at Toton , between Nottingham and Derby. The HS2 eastern section was largely eliminated, leaving a branch from Coleshill near Birmingham to East Midlands Parkway station, just south of Nottingham and Derby, where the HS2 track would end, with trains continuing north onto

284-468: A consortium Ardian Infrastructure and Crédit Agricole Assurances; Vinci Park then became Indigo. In June 2016, Vinci sold the remaining 25.4% ex-Vinci Park shares to the consortium Ardian Infrastructure and Crédit Agricole Assurances. During May 2015, Vinci and Orix were jointly awarded a 45-year contract to operate Itami Airport and Kansai International Airport in Osaka Prefecture , Japan, under

355-537: A deal valued at around $ 18 billion. In March 2017, the company won the concession to operate the international airport at Salvador, Bahia for 30 years. During October 2017, the Australian construction contractor Seymour Whyte was purchased by Vinci. In November 2017, the company invested in Sweden to acquire Eitech and Infratek, specialists in electrical works and engineering. Between 2017 and 2020, Vinci, as part of

426-614: A joint venture with Balfour Beatty and Systra , was awarded multiple contracts to work on Britain's High Speed 2 project. In May 2019, Vinci acquired a 50.01% stake in Gatwick Airport ; at the time of the transaction, the company pledged to invest £1.1 billion into passenger improvements at the airport by 2023. Throughout 2020, the company's activities were heavily influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic ; strict guidelines were implemented at its workplaces amongst other consequences. In

497-484: A junction connects to the north-south West Coast Main Line . There will be new stations at Old Oak Common in northwest London; Birmingham Interchange , near Solihull ; and Birmingham city centre . The trains will reach a maximum speed of 360 km/h (225 mph) when operating on HS2 track, dropping to 201 km/h (125 mph) on conventional track. The length of the new line has been reduced substantially since it

568-455: A new high-speed railway will be more cost-effective and less disruptive than upgrading the existing conventional rail network. The DfT has forecast that improved connectivity will have a positive economic impact, and that favourable journey times and ample capacity will generate a modal shift from air and road to rail. On 21 August 2019, the DfT ordered an independent review of the project. The review

639-650: A new museum quarter, with the original station building becoming a new museum of photography, fronting onto a new Curzon Square, which will also be home to Ikon 2 , a museum of contemporary art. Clearing the site for construction commenced in December 2018. Grimshaw Architects received planning permission for three applications in April 2020. The new station is expected to have a zero-carbon rating and over 2,800 square metres (30,000 sq ft) of solar panels. The plan makes provision for HS2 service passenger interchanges to

710-697: A portion of the troubled contractor Haymills. One month later, it acquired the French engineering firm Cegelec from the Qatar Investment Authority in exchange for €1.18 billion ($ 1.69 billion). During February 2010, it bought the European aggregates businesses of Tarmac from Anglo American in exchange for £250 million. It also purchased Meteor Parking from the Go-Ahead Group in September 2010. During

781-609: A review by the Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition , a route was proposed, subject to public consultation, based on a Y-shaped route from London to Birmingham with branches to Leeds and Manchester , as originally put forward by the previous Labour government, with alterations designed to minimise the visual, noise, and other environmental impacts of the line. In January 2012, the Secretary of State for Transport announced that HS2 would go ahead in two phases and

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852-564: A tunnel bored under Long Itchington Wood, the route will pass through rural areas between Kenilworth and Coventry , crossing the A46 to enter the West Midlands. Birmingham Interchange Station will be on the outskirts of Solihull , close to the strategic road network, including the M42 , M6 , M6 toll , and A45 . These roads will be crossed on viaducts. The station is adjacent to Birmingham Airport and

923-449: Is as follows: Source: VINCI Vinci Airports in France: outside France: in France: outside France: in France: outside France: Source: VINCI Annual report 2016 As of 2013, the turnover was split as follows: Net sales break down geographically as follows: France (58.9%), Europe (25.4%), North America (3.9%), Africa (3.5%) and other (8.3%). In 2020, Vinci UK turnover

994-512: Is immediately adjacent to Moor Street station , and approximately 400 metres (0.25 mi) northeast of New Street station , which is separated from Curzon and Moor streets by the Bull Ring . Passenger interchange with Moor Street would be at street level, across Moor Street Queensway; interchange with New Street would be via a pedestrian walkway between Moor Street and New Street (opened in 2013). In September 2018, one of Birmingham's oldest pubs,

1065-783: Is in Nanterre , in the western suburbs of Paris . Vinci is listed on Euronext 's Paris stock exchange and is a member of the Euro Stoxx 50 index. The company was founded by Alexandre Giros and Louis Loucheur as Société Générale d'Entreprises S.A. (SGE) in 1899. SGE was owned by Compagnie générale d'électricité (CGE), now Alcatel , from 1966 until 1981, when Saint-Gobain acquired a majority stake. Companies acquired by SGE include Sogea (a civil engineering firm founded in 1878), bought in 1986, Campenon Bernard (a civil engineering and development firm founded in 1920), bought in 1988, and Norwest Holst (a British civil engineering firm founded in 1969 by

1136-609: Is the shortest on the route and will take passengers underneath an ancient woodland. The Bromford tunnel will take trains into Birmingham city centre . In April 2023, HS2 announced that work on the Euston tunnels linking Old Oak Common to Euston was being deferred and that tunnel-boring had been rescheduled to start in summer 2025. In October 2023, the Government announced that any Euston terminus would not be government-funded. However, in May 2024,

1207-472: The Channel Tunnel . London and Birmingham will be served directly by new high speed track, and services to Glasgow , Liverpool and Manchester will use a mix of new high speed track and the existing West Coast Main Line . The majority of the project is planned to be completed by 2033. The new track will be built between London Euston and Handsacre, near Lichfield in southern Staffordshire, where

1278-604: The Elizabeth Line and Great Western Line . The plan makes provision for HS2 service passenger interchanges on foot to the West Coast main Line and London Underground ("Tube") services via the adjacent Euston tube station and Euston square tube station . The West Midlands Metro , a tram service, is to serve Curzon Street, providing access to onward services from Birmingham Snow Hill , Birmingham New Street and Wolverhampton . There are five twin-bore tunnel sections on

1349-570: The Fox and Grapes , was demolished to make way for the new developments. The West Midlands Metro will be extended to serve the station. Development planning for the Fazeley Street quarter of Birmingham has changed as a result of HS2. Prior to the announcement of the HS2 station, Birmingham City University had planned to build a new campus in Eastside . The proposed Eastside development will now include

1420-623: The North London line and Hythe Road on the West London line . Birmingham Interchange will be a through station situated in suburban Solihull, within a triangle of land enclosed by the M42 , A45 , and A452 highways. A people mover with a capacity of over 2,100 passengers per hour in each direction will connect the station to the National Exhibition Centre , Birmingham Airport , and

1491-540: The South East , as HS2 will reduce travel times from London to Birmingham Airport to under 40   minutes. Birmingham Curzon Street will be the terminal station at the end of a branch that connects to the HS2 spine via a junction at Coleshill . A station of the same name existed on the Curzon Street site between 1838 and 1966; the surviving Grade I listed station building will be retained and renovated. The site

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1562-552: The Water Orton rail corridor, the Birmingham to Derby line through Castle Bromwich , and through a tunnel past Bromford . A key feature of the HS2 proposals is that the new high-speed track will be connected to the existing West Coast Main Line track at Handsacre, north of Birmingham, taking trains north on the existing track. This is the only connection between the new and existing track. This connection allows HS2 services to serve

1633-546: The taxi rank at Euston was moved to a temporary site at the front of the station so that demolition of the One Euston Square and Grant Thornton House tower blocks could commence. The demolition period was scheduled to last ten months. In June 2020, workers finished the demolition of the western ramp and canopy of the station. This part of the station had housed the parcels depot, which fell into disuse after parcel traffic shifted to being serviced by road. In March 2023,

1704-643: The British-based business Norwest Holst was renamed Vinci plc. The company went on to acquire Autoroutes du Sud de la France (the Southern Freeways Company) in 2006, and Bachy-Soletanche, the world's second-largest geotechnical specialist contractor (after Bauer) in February 2007. It also bought the UK operations of Taylor Woodrow Construction for £74m in September 2008. During August 2009, Vinci acquired

1775-469: The Conservative Party conference that Phase 2 would be abandoned. The cancellation left a new high-speed track from London to Handsacre , northeast of Birmingham, with a branch to central Birmingham. The construction of Euston station would depend on private sector funding: if funding were to be secured for the station access tunnel, construction would be the responsibility of HS2 Ltd. Euston station

1846-752: The Construction Workers Compensation Scheme, condemned as a "PR stunt" by the GMB union, and described by the Scottish Affairs Committee as "an act of bad faith". High Speed 2 High Speed 2 ( HS2 ) is a high-speed railway which is under construction in England. The line will run between Handsacre , in southern Staffordshire , and London, with a spur to Birmingham . HS2 is to be Britain's second purpose-built high-speed railway after High Speed 1 , which connects London to

1917-407: The Government was reportedly prepared to pay the upfront tunnelling cost of around £1bn to avoid further costly delays to the project. It would then recoup costs from the wider development of the Euston station site. The Northolt tunnels are being constructed with four TBMs; two tunnelling West to East and two tunnelling East to West, with the plan to meet in the middle. TBM Sushila and Caroline ,

1988-711: The HS2 eastern leg. The London to Sheffield service will remain on the Midland Main Line, equalling the proposed original HS2 journey times. The integrated Rail Plan proposed a study to determine the best method for HS2 trains to reach Leeds. In June 2022, the Golborne spur was removed from the Crewe-to-Manchester Parliamentary Bill. Without this link, trains to Scotland would join the existing West Coast Main Line further south at Crewe, instead of south of Wigan . The Department of Transport stated that

2059-526: The Midland Main Line to serve the existing stations at Nottingham, Derby, Chesterfield, and Sheffield. HS2 trains would serve the centres of Nottingham and Derby, unlike in the previous proposal. Upgrades to the East Coast Main Line were proposed to offer time improvements on the London to Leeds and Newcastle routes. Services from Birmingham to Leeds and Newcastle were planned to use the remaining section of

2130-588: The National Exhibition Centre. North of the station west of Coleshill there will be a complex triangular branch junction, with six tracks at one section, will link the HS2 Birmingham city centre spur with the main spine. The spine continues north from the branch to the northerly limit of the high speed track which is a connection onto the WCML at Handsacre. The Birmingham city centre spur will be routed along

2201-702: The Phase 2b route, was introduced in July 2017. Phase 2a received royal assent in February 2021. The High Speed Rail (Crewe - Manchester) Bill for Phase 2b was paused under the Sunak ministry . One of the stated aims of the project is to increase the capacity of the railway network. It is envisaged that the introduction of HS2 will free up space on existing railway lines by removing a number of express services, thus allowing additional local train services to accommodate increased passenger numbers. Network Rail considers that constructing

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2272-462: The UK, Vinci was involved in the construction of several specialist hospitals. During October 2020, Vinci issued a €5.2 billion ($ 6.08 billion) offer to the Spanish construction conglomerate ACS Group to acquire its ACS Industrial division; this transaction was completed during the following year. Additional arrangements between the two companies led to the creation of a joint venture focused on

2343-591: The United Kingdom with the opening of the first part of High Speed 1 (HS1), then known as the 67-mile-long (108 km) Channel Tunnel Rail Link between London and the Channel Tunnel . In 2009, the Department for Transport (DfT) under the Labour government proposed to assess the case for a second high-speed line, which was to be developed by a new company, High Speed Two Limited (HS2 Ltd). In December 2010, following

2414-510: The WCML outside the village of Handsacre north of Lichfield in Staffordshire . There will be a branch to a new station at Birmingham Curzon Street . There will also be new stations at Old Oak Common , in northwest London, and Birmingham Interchange , near Solihull . The section between Old Oak Common and the West Midlands is scheduled to open around 2030, with the link to Euston following between 2031 and 2035. The high speed track, including

2485-743: The West Coast Main Line. The route to the north begins at Euston station in London, entering a twin-bore tunnel near the Mornington Street Bridge at the station's throat. After continuing through to the Old Oak Common station, trains proceed through a second, 8-mile (13 km) tunnel, emerging at its northwestern portal. The line crosses the Colne Valley Regional Park on the Colne Valley Viaduct and then enters

2556-536: The West Midlands , held talks to "revive the high speed rail project with private investment" after meeting private investors, Mark Harper ( Secretary of State for Transport ), and Huw Merriman ( Minister of State for Rail and HS2 ). Harper said that he was considering the plans with an "open mind". Burnham told the Transport Select Committee of the House of Commons that the gist of the plans were to revive

2627-451: The adjacent Euston Square tube station , which serves the Circle , Hammersmith & City , and Metropolitan lines. The government announced that this aspect of the project would only commence if the private sector were to agree funding. Old Oak Common station, between Paddington and Acton Main Line station, is under construction and scheduled to be completed before Euston. It will be

2698-585: The branch to Birmingham, is 225 kilometres (140 mi) long. It is flanked by the WCML and the Chiltern Line . Upon opening, HS2 and West Coast Main Line compatible trains will operate from London, reaching Birmingham in 49 minutes and Birmingham Interchange in 38 minutes. Trains will journey to other destinations on a mix of HS2 and conventional track. Journeys to Liverpool will take 1 hour 50 minutes, to Glasgow 4 hours, and to Manchester 1 hour 40 minutes. Trains will progress on HS2 track to Handsacre, then use

2769-519: The cities of Liverpool, Manchester and Glasgow on a mix of new high-speed track and the existing West Coast Main Line. Purpose-built trains will be capable of operating on new and existing tracks. High Speed 2 is to share a southern terminus with the West Coast Main Line at London Euston. Euston is to be remodelled to integrate the new HS2 platforms and concourse with the current conventional rail station. There will be an improved connection to

2840-406: The construction of Phase 1 is worth roughly £6.6   billion, with preparation including over 8,000 boreholes for ground investigation. In October 2018, demolition began on the former carriage sheds at Euston station . This will allow the start of construction at the throat of the station at Mornington Street Bridge, and twin-bore 8-mile (13 km) tunnels to West Ruislip . In January 2019,

2911-516: The country, under the title Network North . The locations of these projects would range from southern Scotland to Plymouth . Money would be distributed in the North, Midlands and South of England according to where the reduction of costs (not benefits) will lie. Around 30 per cent of the cost savings would be spent on railway projects. After it was found that the list of projects included schemes that had already been built or were swiftly deleted, Sunak said

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2982-461: The early 2010s, the company was awarded multiple contracts to construct portions of London's Crossrail project. In 2012, Vinci signed a deal to buy ANA Aeroportos de Portugal in exchange for €3,080 million. During December 2013, Vinci was awarded a contract worth €440 million to build an express-lane highway system in Atlanta , Georgia . During 2014, Vinci sold 75% of the shares of Vinci Park to

3053-517: The existing Birmingham International railway station . The AirRail Link people-mover already operates between Birmingham International station and the airport. In addition, there is a proposal to extend the West Midlands Metro to serve the station. In 2010, Birmingham Airport's chief executive, Paul Kehoe, stated that HS2 is a key element in increasing the number of flights using the airport, with added patronage by inhabitants of London and

3124-416: The expulsion of villagers and farmers who were struggling to protect their environment who were receiving support at both a national and international level. Vinci's Norwest Holst and Taylor Woodrow were revealed as subscribers to the UK's Consulting Association , exposed in 2009 for operating an illegal construction industry blacklist . Vinci was later one of eight businesses involved in the 2014 launch of

3195-535: The first two of the four TBMs to be used, were launched from the West Ruislip portal in October 2022. The third launched in February 2024 and the fourth followed in April 2024, with the all the tunnels planned to be finished in 2025. The 10-mile (16 km) Chiltern tunnels was scheduled to take three years to dig, using two 2,000-tonne (2,000-long-ton; 2,200-short-ton) tunnel boring machines (TBM). In July 2020, work

3266-482: The government postponed works on Euston station, saying that this was necessary to "manage inflationary pressures and work on an affordable design for the station". Delivery of services between Birmingham and Old Oak Common would instead be prioritised, with the Elizabeth line providing passenger transfer between Old Oak Common and central London until at least 2035, the earliest time at which Euston would be available under

3337-505: The government was considering the recommendations of the Union Connectivity Review, which gave alternatives such as a more northerly HS2 connection to the West Coast Main Line than Golborne and upgrades to the West Coast Main Line from Crewe to Preston . The Department of Transport will publish its response subject to the funding allocated in the integrated Rail Plan. In October 2023, Prime Minister Rishi Sunak announced at

3408-403: The legislative process would be achieved through two hybrid bills . The High Speed Rail (London - West Midlands) Act 2017 , authorising the construction of Phase 1, passed both Houses of Parliament and received Royal Assent in February 2017. A Phase 2a High Speed Rail (West Midlands - Crewe) Bill , seeking the power to construct Phase 2 as far as Crewe and to make decisions on the remainder of

3479-416: The list was intended to provide illustrative examples. In January 2024, opposition leader Keir Starmer said it would not be possible for any future Labour government to reinstate Phase 2, since contracts would have been cancelled. This was confirmed in April 2024 by Louise Haigh , the shadow transport minister. In January 2024, Andy Burnham , Mayor of Greater Manchester , and Andy Street , Mayor of

3550-457: The mayors concluded in March 2024 that the best option would be a new line between Handsacre and Manchester Airport , to meet Northern Powerhouse Rail. The cost could be covered by a combination of government funding and private finance. HS2 parallels the West Coast Main Line (WCML), merging with the WCML at Handsacre. The line will be between Euston railway station in London and a junction with

3621-400: The merger of Holst & Co, established in 1918, and Norwest Construction, established in 1923), bought in 1991. In 1988, SGE was acquired by Compagnie générale des eaux , which was later renamed Vivendi . In 2000, the company changed its name to Vinci. During 2001, Vinci acquired Groupe GTM, which was a combination of Dumez (founded in 1880) and GTM (founded in 1891). One year later,

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3692-510: The new plans. The Colne Valley Viaduct is a 2.1-mile (3.4 km)-long bridge to carry the line over the Colne Valley Regional Park in Hillingdon , West London. The viaduct is situated between the Northolt and Chiltern tunnels. The bridge-building machine was launched in May 2022, signalling the start of construction. The final deck segment was put into place in September 2024. The viaduct

3763-537: The part of Phase 2 between Handsacre and High Legh in Cheshire; trains would then proceed on Northern Powerhouse Rail to Manchester Piccadilly . Burnham said the cost could be "considerably less" than earlier plans if the maximum speed of trains was reduced. The Phase 2b Bill remains in the House of Commons but the Committee paused its work after the October 2023 announcement. A provisional report commissioned by

3834-602: The programme to be". This report was clarified to mean following the cancellation of Phase 2. On 18 November 2021, the government's delayed Integrated Rail Plan was published. The plan significantly affected parts of the HS2 programme, including curtailing much of the eastern leg. Under the original proposal for the eastern leg, the high-speed line would have been built with a link to the East Coast Main Line south of York for trains to continue to Newcastle. A branch would take trains into Leeds. There would also have been

3905-471: The project was progressively cut until only the London to Handsacre and Birmingham section remained. The project has both supporters and opponents . Supporters of HS2 believe that the additional capacity provided will accommodate passenger numbers rising to pre- COVID-19 levels while driving a further modal shift to rail. Opponents believe that the project is neither environmentally nor financially sustainable. In 2003, modern high-speed rail arrived in

3976-610: The project, with journalists and activists arrested and assaulted. Vinci attracted protests in relation to its project to build an airport in Notre-Dame-des-Landes near Nantes , expected to become the third largest airport in France and being built on a site of 2,000 hectares of woodland and marsh with an acknowledged social and ecological value. This project was financed through a public-private partnership with profits going to Vinci. In November 2012, protests took place to prevent

4047-593: The rail network—was still valid, and that no "shovel-ready" interventions existed that could be deployed within the timeframe of the project. As a consequence, Oakervee recommended that the project go ahead as planned, subject to a series of further recommendations. After concluding that the project should proceed, the review recommended a further review of HS2 that would be undertaken by the Infrastructure and Projects Authority and would concentrate on reducing costs and over-specification. On 15 April 2020, formal approval

4118-538: The renewable energy sector. On 7 April 2021, Vinci was awarded a 30-year concession to operate the following Brazilian airports: Manaus-Brig. Eduardo Gomes International Airport , Tabatinga International Airport , Tefé Airport , Rio Branco International Airport , Cruzeiro do Sul International Airport , Porto Velho-Gov. Jorge Teixeira de Oliveira International Airport , and Boa Vista International Airport . In October 2024, Vinci agreed terms to purchase FM Conway . The breakdown of shareholders at 31 December 2019

4189-408: The route from London to Birmingham. The Euston tunnel will take passengers from Euston station to Old Oak Common station . The Northolt tunnel will cover the area between Old Oak Common and the Colne Valley Viaduct in West Ruislip. The Chiltern tunnel will be the longest tunnel on the route and will travel 10 miles (16 km) underneath the Chiltern Hills . The Long Itchington Wood tunnel

4260-672: The second bore in November 2022, and finished it in March 2023. The Bromford tunnels from Water Orton in North Warwickshire to Birmingham are being bored by TBMs Mary Ann and Elizabeth. Mary Ann started tunnelling in June 2023 and will finish in 2024, while Elizabeth started in March 2024 and will finish in Autumn 2025. The main stages of construction officially began on 4 September 2020, following previous delays. The civil engineering aspect of

4331-415: The speed of trains and their frequency, and general cost-cutting predominately affecting Phase 2b, would be assessed. The House of Commons Public Accounts Committee , in a January 2024 report, in relation to the revised planned route, stated that: "HS2 now offers very poor value for money to the taxpayer, and the Department [for Transport] and HS2 Ltd do not yet know what it expects the final benefits of

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4402-402: The temporary London terminus of HS2 until Euston is completed. There will be connections with the Elizabeth Line , Heathrow Express to Heathrow Airport , and the Great Western Main Line to Reading , South West England , and South Wales . Old Oak Common railway station will also be connected, via out of station interchanges , with London Overground stations at Old Oak Common Lane on

4473-458: The tunnels for agriculture. After passing west of Aylesbury , the route will pass through the corridor of the former Great Central Main Line , joining the alignment north of Quainton Road to travel through rural Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire up to Mixbury , south of Brackley , from where it will cross the A43 and open countryside through South Northamptonshire and Warwickshire, passing immediately south of Southam . After progressing through

4544-410: Was chaired by Douglas Oakervee , a British civil engineer , who had been HS2's non-executive chairman for nearly two years. The review was published by the DfT on 11 February 2020, alongside a statement from the Prime Minister confirming that HS2 would go ahead in full, with reservations. Oakervee's conclusions were that the original rationale for High Speed 2—to provide capacity and reliability on

4615-400: Was completed on a 17-metre (56 ft)-high headwall at the southern portal of the twin-bore tunnel. The tunnels are lined with concrete that is cast in sections at a purpose-built facility at the southern portal; the first sections were cast in March 2021. Tunnelling began in May 2021, with TBM Florence , moving at a speed of up to 15 m (49 ft) per day. The second TBM, Cecilia ,

4686-447: Was first announced in 2013. It was originally to split into eastern and western branches north of Birmingham Interchange; the eastern branch would have connected to the Midland Main Line and East Coast Main Line , with a branch to a terminus in Leeds , and the western branch would have had connections to the West Coast Main Line at Crewe and south of Wigan, and a branch to a terminus in Manchester . Between November 2021 and October 2023

4757-518: Was given to construction companies to start work on the project. In July 2023 the Infrastructure Projects Authority annual report gave Phases 1 and 2A project a "red" rating , meaning "Successful delivery of the project appears to be unachievable. There are major issues with project definition, schedule, budget, quality and/or benefits delivery, which at this stage do not appear to be manageable or resolvable. The project may need re-scoping and/or its overall viability reassessed." Measures such as reducing

4828-410: Was initially proposed to have 11 platforms to accommodate HS2 trains. There is a reduction to six platforms, as a proposal from October 2023 will cap the throughput to 9–11 trains per hour, rather than the 18 of which the HS2 track would otherwise be capable. Sunak said the £36 billion saved by not building the northern leg of HS2 would instead be spent on roads, buses, and railways in every region of

4899-419: Was launched in July 2021. Florence, the first of two TBMs, completed tunnelling and broke through in late February 2024, and in March 2024, the second TBM, Cecilia, completed tunnelling. In December 2021, TBM Dorothy was launched, tunnelling under Long Itchington Wood. It completed the first bore in July 2022, and was returned to its initial position to complete the second, parallel bore. Dorothy started

4970-468: Was reportedly a 12 year high. Vinci and its predecessor companies have been involved in many notable projects including: Vinci is involved in construction of the first 43 km of the Moscow-Saint Petersburg motorway through the valuable Khimki Forest . This construction has raised many protests in Russia, 75% of the local community – about 208,000 citizens of Khimki – oppose the project. There have also been numerous human rights abuses surrounding

5041-425: Was £858.5m, with pre-tax profit of £16.2m. However, by 2024, Vinci UK had endured two consecutive years of losses. Vinci Construction UK (comprising Taylor Woodrow Construction , Vinci Building and Vinci Facilities) made a pre-tax loss of £51.4m in 2023 (2022: £43.5m pre-tax loss) on £1.34bn of turnover (2022: £1.24bn). During early 2024, the company announced that its turnover had risen by 12% to €69 billion, which

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