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43-538: (Redirected from COCOA ) For technical reasons , "Cocoa#" redirects here. For the framework, see Cocoa Sharp . [REDACTED] Look up Cocoa  or cocoa in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Cocoa may refer to: Chocolate [ edit ] Chocolate Theobroma cacao , the cocoa tree Cocoa bean , seed of Theobroma cacao Chocolate liquor , or cocoa liquor, pure, liquid chocolate extracted from

86-510: A Visual Basic .NET compiler and a runtime designed for running VB.NET applications. It is currently being developed by Rolf Bjarne Kvinge. An open-source implementation of Microsoft Silverlight , called Moonlight , has been included since Mono 1.9. Moonlight 1.0, which supports the Silverlight 1.0 APIs, was released January 20, 2009. Moonlight 2.0 supports Silverlight 2.0 and some features of Silverlight 3.0. A preview release of Moonlight 3.0

129-814: A city in the US Cocoa Beach, Florida , a neighboring town Cocoa brown , a version of the color chocolate Cocoa Crater , a volcanic cone in British Columbia, Canada Cocoa ( Is the Order a Rabbit? ) , a character in the manga series Is the Order a Rabbit? COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application , often abbreviated as COCOA, Japanese COVID-19 contact tracing app See also [ edit ] Cacao (disambiguation) Coca Coco (disambiguation) Co-Co (disambiguation) Cocoa Exchange (disambiguation) Koko (disambiguation) All pages with titles beginning with Cocoa Topics referred to by

172-490: A code execution engine that translates ECMA CIL byte codes into native code and supports a number of processors: ARM , MIPS (in 32-bit mode only), SPARC , PowerPC , z/Architecture , IA-32 , x86-64 and IA-64 for 64-bit modes. The code generator is exposed in three modes: Starting with Mono 2.6, it is possible to configure Mono to use the LLVM as the code generation engine instead of Mono's own code generation engine. This

215-448: A company he founded after being laid off from Novell. The original Mono team had also moved to the new company. Xamarin planned to keep working on Mono and had planned to rewrite the proprietary .NET stacks for iOS and Android from scratch, because Novell still owned MonoTouch and Mono for Android at the time. After this announcement, the future of the project was questioned, MonoTouch and Mono for Android being in direct competition with

258-671: A computer algebra system COCOA (digital humanities) , an early FORTRAN program for generating concordances and word counts from natural language texts Stagecast Creator , formerly Cocoa, a language developed by Apple to teach programming to children People [ edit ] Cocoa Brown (born 1972), American actress and writer Cocoa Chanelle (born 1971), American DJ and musician Cocoa Fujiwara (1983–2015), Japanese manga artist and illustrator Cocoa Samoa (1945–2007), American-Samoan professional wrestler Cocoa Tea (born 1959), Jamaican singer and songwriter Other uses [ edit ] Cocoa, Florida ,

301-560: A developer platform for Linux desktop applications to supporting a wide range of architectures and operating systems - including embedded systems. Novell acquired Ximian in 2003. After Novell was acquired by Attachmate in April 2011, Attachmate announced hundreds of layoffs for the Novell workforce, putting in question the future of Mono. On May 16, 2011, Miguel de Icaza announced in his blog that Mono would continue to be supported by Xamarin ,

344-434: A handful of objects are long-term objects that live for the entire life of the application. To improve performance this collector assigns memory pools to each thread to let threads allocate new memory blocks without having to coordinate with other threads. Migration of objects from the nursery to the old generation is done by copying the data from the nursery to the old generation pool and updating any live pointers that point to

387-473: A namespace by placing elements inside a namespace block. Assemblies are the physical packaging of the class libraries. These are .dll files, just like (but not to be confused with) Win32 shared libraries. Examples of assemblies are mscorlib.dll, System.dll, System.Data.dll and Accessibility.dll. Namespaces are often distributed among several assemblies and one assembly can be composed of several files. The Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) as implemented by

430-578: A runtime environment that allows multiple high-level languages to be used on different computer platforms without being rewritten for specific architectures. This implies it is platform agnostic. The .NET Framework , .NET and Mono are implementations of the CLI. The metadata format is also used to specify the API definitions exposed by the Windows Runtime . Among other things, the CLI specification describes

473-612: A version of .NET 2.0 now available only for Windows XP , called the Shared Source CLI (Rotor) . Microsoft's shared source license may be insufficient for the needs of the community (it explicitly forbids commercial use). Free Software Foundation 's decommissioned Portable.NET project. MonoDevelop is a free integrated development environment primarily designed for C# and other .NET languages such as Nemerle , Boo , and Java (via IKVM.NET ), although it also supports languages such as C , C++ , Python , and Vala . MonoDevelop

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516-524: Is a library that allows developers to create C# and .NET based applications that run on the iPhone, iPod and iPad devices. It is based on the Mono framework and developed in conjunction with Novell. Unlike Mono applications, Xamarin.iOS "Apps" are compiled down to machine code targeted specifically at the Apple iPhone and iPad . This is necessary because the iOS kernel prevents just-in-time compilers from executing on

559-440: Is a proprietary implementation of Mono for Android -based smart-phones. It was first released on April 6, 2011. Mono for Android was developed to allow developers to more easily write cross-platform applications that will run on all mobile platforms. In an interview with H-Online, Miguel de Icaza stated, "Our vision is to allow developers to reuse their engine and business logic code across all mobile platforms and swapping out

602-516: Is common for RAND licensing to require some royalty payment, which could be a cause for concern with Mono . As of January 2013 , neither Microsoft nor its partners have identified any patents essential to CLI implementations subject to RAND terms. As of July 2009 , Microsoft added C# and CLI to the list of specifications that the Microsoft Community Promise applies to, so anyone can safely implement specified editions of

645-591: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Cocoa Sharp When Microsoft first announced their .NET Framework in June 2000 it was described as "a new platform based on Internet standards", and in December of that year the underlying Common Language Infrastructure was published as an open standard, "ECMA-335", opening up the potential for independent implementations. Miguel de Icaza of Ximian believed that .NET had

688-676: Is referred to as unmanaged, by using the System.Runtime.InteropServices libraries to create C# bindings. Many libraries which ship with Mono use this feature of the CLI, such as Gtk# . Mono has innovated in some areas with new extensions to the core C# and CLI specifications: In addition, Mono is available on a variety of operating systems and architectures. Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows 10, macOS or Linux Several projects extend Mono and allow developers to use it in their development environment. These projects include: Cross-platform: macOS: Mobile platforms: Windows: Microsoft has

731-537: Is structured into namespaces, and deployed in shared libraries known as assemblies. Speaking of the .NET Framework is primarily referring to this class library. Namespaces are a mechanism for logically grouping similar classes into a hierarchical structure. This prevents naming conflicts. The structure is implemented using dot-separated words, where the most common top-level namespace is System, such as System.IO and System.Net. There are other top-level namespaces as well, such as Accessibility and Windows. A user can define

774-405: Is useful for high performance computing loads and other situations where the execution performance is more important than the startup performance. Starting with the Mono 2.7 preview, it is no longer necessary to pick one engine over the other at configuration time. The code generation engine can be selected at startup by using the --llvm or --nollvm command line arguments, and it defaults to

817-535: The Common Language Runtime (CLR) , is implemented by the Mono executable. The runtime compiles and executes .NET applications. The common language infrastructure is defined by the ECMA standard. To run an application, you must invoke the runtime with the relevant parameters. The Common Language Specification (CLS) is specified in chapter 6 of ECMA-335 and defines the interface to the CLI, such as conventions like

860-492: The Microsoft Community Promise Agreement." The Xamarin.Android stack consists of the following components: Common Language Infrastructure The Common Language Infrastructure ( CLI ) is an open specification and technical standard originally developed by Microsoft and standardized by ISO / IEC ( ISO/IEC 23271 ) and Ecma International ( ECMA 335 ) that describes executable code and

903-630: The C# compiler, the virtual machine for the Common Language Infrastructure and the core class libraries. These components are based on the Ecma-334 and Ecma-335 standards , allowing Mono to provide a standards compliant, free and open-source CLI virtual machine . Microsoft issued a statement that covers both standards under their Community Promise license . The Mono/Linux/GNOME development stack provide tools for application development while using

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946-543: The Mono team do not plan to support due to the amount of work it would need) and Windows Workflow Foundation (WF), and with only limited support for Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) and the ASP.NET async stack. However, System.Web and WCF are candidates for 'almost immediate' porting from the .NET reference source back to Mono. Some missing parts of the .NET Framework are under development in an experimental Mono subproject called Olive . The Mono project has also created

989-689: The cocoa bean, including both cocoa butter and cocoa solids Cocoa butter , a pale yellow, edible fat extracted from the cocoa bean Cocoa solids or cocoa powder Hot chocolate , also called hot cocoa or simply cocoa Cocoa Mountain , a gourmet chocolate enterprise in Durness in the North West Highlands of Scotland Cocoa Processing Company , a Ghanaian company Computing [ edit ] Cocoa (API) , an API and programming environment for macOS Cocoa Touch , an API and programming environment for iOS, iPadOS, watchOS and tvOS CoCoA ,

1032-524: The data to point to the new location. This can be expensive for large objects, so Mono's SGen uses a separate pool of memory for large objects (Large Object Section) and uses a mark-and-sweep algorithm for those objects. The class library provides a comprehensive set of facilities for application development. They are primarily written in C#, but due to the Common Language Specification they can be used by any .NET language. The class library

1075-413: The default collector in version 3.1.1. The SGen garbage collector has many advantages over a traditional conservative scanner. It uses generational garbage collection where new objects are allocated from a nursery, during the garbage collection cycle, all objects that survived are migrated to an older generation memory pool. The idea is that many objects are transient and can quickly be collected and only

1118-453: The device. The Xamarin.iOS stack is made up of: Xamarin Studio is used as the primary IDE, however additional links to Xcode and the iOS simulator have been written. From April to early September 2010, the future of MonoTouch was put in doubt as Apple introduced new terms for iPhone developers that apparently prohibits them from developing in languages other than C, C++ and Objective-C , and

1161-417: The distribution. Windows Forms 2.0 is also supported, but not actively developed, and as such its support on Mono is incomplete. Version 4.0 was the first version that incorporates Microsoft original source code that was released by Microsoft as part of the .NET Core project. As of January 14, 2021, Mono has full support for all the features in .NET 4.7 except Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) (which

1204-444: The documentation. Xamarin.iOS and Xamarin.Android, both developed by Xamarin , are implementations of Mono for iPhone and Android -based smartphones. Previously available only for commercial licensing, after Microsoft's acquisition of Xamarin in 2016, the Mono runtime itself was relicensed under MIT license and both Xamarin.iOS and Xamarin.Android are being made free and open-source. Xamarin.iOS (previously named MonoTouch)

1247-604: The existing GNOME and free and open-source libraries. These include: Gtk# for graphical user interface (GUI) development, Mozilla libraries for working with the Gecko rendering engine , Unix integration libraries (Mono.Posix), database connectivity libraries, a security stack, and the XML schema language RelaxNG . Gtk# allows Mono applications to integrate into the Gnome desktop as native applications. The database libraries provide connectivity to

1290-554: The existing commercial offerings now owned by Attachmate , and considering that the Xamarin team would have difficulties proving that they did not use technologies they formerly developed when they were employed by Novell for the same work. However, in July 2011, Novell, now a subsidiary of Attachmate, and Xamarin, announced that it granted a perpetual license to Xamarin for Mono, MonoTouch and Mono for Android, which officially took stewardship of

1333-744: The fast-starting Mono code generation engine. Starting with Mono 5.18, support for LLVM is a default configuration option. Previous versions required a special LLVM fork, but now mono can fall back to its own code generator when it encounters something not handled by LLVM. As of Mono 2.8, the Mono runtime ships with two garbage collectors : a generational collector and the Boehm–Demers–Weiser Conservative Garbage Collector . The Boehm garbage collector could exhibit memory leaks on certain classes of applications, making it unsuitable for some long-running server applications. Mono switched to Simple Generational GC (SGen-GC) as

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1376-477: The following five aspects: In August 2000, Microsoft , Hewlett-Packard , Intel , and others worked to standardize CLI. By December 2001, it was ratified by the Ecma , with ISO / IEC standardization following in April 2003. Microsoft and its partners hold patents for CLI. Ecma and ISO/IEC require that all patents essential to implementation be made available under " reasonable and non-discriminatory (RAND) terms ." It

1419-633: The object-relational database db4o , Firebird , Microsoft SQL Server (MSSQL), MySQL , Open Database Connectivity (ODBC), Oracle , PostgreSQL , SQLite , and many others. The Mono project tracks developing database components at its website. The Microsoft compatibility stack provides a pathway for porting Windows .NET applications to Linux . This group of components include ADO.NET , ASP.NET , and Windows Forms , among others. As these components are not covered by Ecma standards, some of them remain subject to patent fears and concerns . The major components of Mono include: The Mono runtime contains

1462-408: The potential to increase programmer productivity and began investigating whether a Linux version was feasible. Recognizing that their small team could not expect to build and support a full product, they launched the Mono open-source project, on July 19, 2001, at the O'Reilly conference. After three years of development, Mono 1.0 was released on June 30, 2004. Mono evolved from its initial focus of

1505-465: The project. On February 24, 2016, Microsoft announced it had signed a definitive agreement to acquire Xamarin. On August 27, 2024, Microsoft transferred ownership of Mono to WineHQ, the developer team of Wine , a Windows compatibility layer. Mono's current version is 6.12.0 (as of June 2024 ). This version provides the core API of the .NET Framework and support for Visual Basic.NET and C# 7.0. LINQ to Objects , XML, and SQL are part of

1548-407: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Cocoa . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cocoa&oldid=1258921952 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

1591-427: The standards without fearing a patent lawsuit from Microsoft. To implement the CLI standard requires conformance to one of the supported and defined profiles of the standard, the minimum of which is the kernel profile. The kernel profile is actually a very small set of types to support in comparison to the well known core library of default .NET installations. However, the conformance clause of the CLI allows for extending

1634-494: The supported profile by adding new methods and types to classes, as well as deriving from new namespaces. But it does not allow for adding new members to interfaces. This means that the features of the CLI can be used and extended, as long as the conforming profile implementation does not change the behavior of a program intended to run on that profile, while allowing for unspecified behavior from programs written specifically for that implementation. In 2012, Ecma and ISO/IEC published

1677-591: The underlying types for Enum. The Mono compiler generates an image that conforms to the CLS. This is the Common Intermediate Language. The Mono runtime takes this image and runs it. The ECMA standard formally defines a library that conforms to the CLS as a framework. Within a native .NET/Mono application, all code is managed ; that is, it is governed by the CLI's style of memory management and thread safety. Other .NET or Mono applications can use legacy code, which

1720-495: The use of a middle layer between the iOS platform and iPhone applications. This made the future of MonoTouch, and other technologies such as Unity , uncertain. Then, in September 2010, Apple rescinded this restriction, stating that they were relaxing the language restrictions that they had put in place earlier that year. Xamarin.Android (formerly known as Mono for Android), initially developed by Novell and continued by Xamarin ,

1763-403: The user interface code for a platform-specific API." In August 2010, a Microsoft spokesman, Tom Hanrahan of Microsoft's Open Source Technology Centre, stated, in reference to the lawsuit filed by Oracle against Google over Android's use of Java, that "The type of action Oracle is taking against Google over Java is not going to happen. If a .NET port to Android was through Mono it would fall under

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1806-596: Was announced in February 2010 and contains updates to Silverlight 3 support. The Moonlight project was abandoned on May 29, 2012. According to Miguel, two factors sealed the fate of the project: Microsoft added "artificial restrictions" that "made it useless for desktop programming", and the technology had not gained enough traction on the Web. In addition, Silverlight itself was deprecated by Microsoft by 2012. Mono consists of three groups of components: The core components include

1849-427: Was originally a port of SharpDevelop to Gtk#, but it has since evolved to meet the needs of Mono developers. The IDE includes class management, built-in help, code completion, Stetic (a GUI designer), project support, and an integrated debugger. The MonoDoc browser provides access to API documentation and code samples. The documentation browser uses wiki-style content management, allowing developers to edit and improve

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