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22-479: The Equipment Development Department has responsibility for the procurement of a very wide range of military equipment: from 10 mm Beanbag rounds for riot control to mobile laser communication systems, up to Su-35 fighter aircraft and S-400 Anti-aircraft missiles . The latter systems were acquired from Russia in the late 2010's, after which the United States Department of State imposed sanctions on

44-424: A muscle spasm or other reaction to briefly render a violent suspect immobile. It still can cause serious injury and death. The shotgun round is inaccurate over about 6 metres (20 ft) and has a maximum range of around 20 metres (70 ft). Changes to the bean bag round since its inception in the early 1970s have included a velocity reduction from 120 to 90 meters per second (400 to 300 ft/s) as well as

66-439: A crime with the specific intention of provoking a law enforcement response. The idea of dying by suicide in this manner is based on trained procedures of law enforcement officers, specifically the policy on the use of deadly force . In jurisdictions where officials are readily capable of deadly force, often by being equipped with firearms , there are usually set circumstances where they will predictably use deadly force against

88-621: A friend of the Beatles , who aimed an air gun at police and refused to put it down, was theorized as a possible example of this phenomenon. Some historians believe that Giuseppe Zangara , the man who killed Chicago mayor Anton Cermak in a possible attempt to assassinate then President-elect Franklin D. Roosevelt , might have been attempting suicide by police. The phenomenon has been described in news accounts from 1981, and scientific journals since 1985. The phrase has appeared in news headlines since at least 1987. It did not become common until

110-411: A larger target than an extremity. Fatalities are occasionally the result of mistaking other shotgun rounds for bean bags. Suicide by cop Suicide by cop (abbreviated as: SbC ), also known as suicide by police or law-enforcement-assisted suicide , is a suicide method in which a suicidal individual deliberately behaves in a threatening manner with intent to provoke a lethal response from

132-588: A public safety or law enforcement officer to end their own life. There are two broad categories of "suicide by cop". The first is when someone has committed a crime and is being pursued by the police and decides that they would rather die than be arrested. These people may not otherwise be suicidal but may simply decide that life is not worth living if they are incarcerated and thus will provoke police to kill them. The second version involves people who are already contemplating suicide and who decide to provoke law enforcement into killing them. These individuals may commit

154-527: A real or presumed explosive device. This concept hinges on the person's state of mind, and their desire to end their own life, which can be difficult to determine post-mortem. Some cases are obvious, such as pointing an unloaded or non-functioning gun, such as a toy gun , air gun , airsoft gun , or starter's pistol , at officers, or the presence of a suicide note . Some suspects brazenly announce their intention to die before they act; however, many cases can be more difficult to determine, as some suspects with

176-405: A shift from a square shape to a more rounded sock-shaped projectile. Shotguns dedicated to being used for bean bag rounds are often visibly modified with either yellow or green markings, or bright orange stocks and stops, to reduce the possibility that a user might inadvertently load lethal munitions into the weapon. Bean bag rounds are used when a person is a danger to themselves or others but

198-459: A small fabric "pillow" filled with #9 lead shot weighing about 40 grams (1.4 oz). It is fired from a normal 12-gauge shotgun . When fired, the bag is expelled at around 70 to 90 metres per second (230 to 300 ft/s); it spreads out in flight and distributes its impact over about 6 square centimetres (1 sq in) of the target. It is designed to deliver a blow that will cause minimum long-term trauma and no penetration but will result in

220-412: A threat to themselves or others. This form of suicide functions by exploiting this trained reaction. The most common scenario is pointing a firearm at a police officer or an innocent person, which would be expected to provoke an officer to fire on them. Many variants exist: for example, attacking with a knife or other hand weapon, trying to run an officer or other person over with a car, or trying to trigger

242-455: Is not a direct threat in such a manner that deadly force would be appropriate – typically a suicidal individual with a bladed weapon . The round is intended to disable the person without killing them. A bean bag round can severely injure or kill in a wide variety of ways. They have caused around one death a year since their introduction in the US. A round can hit the chest, break the ribs and send

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264-650: The Equipment Development Department and its head Li Shangfu (then a lieutenant general) in September 2018 under the Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act . The establishment of the Department for Weapons Development as part of the 2015 reforms did bring a significant change in the procurement process. Tenders became then open to the public through a website operated by the department,

286-439: The broken ribs into the heart. A shot to the head can break the nose, crush the larynx or break the neck or skull of the subject. This is why many officers are taught to aim for the extremities when using a bean bag round. A strike in the abdominal area can cause internal bleeding or strike the celiac plexus which can disrupt breathing or heartbeat, but such a hit is generally safer than most other areas as well as presenting

308-440: The desire to die will actually fire live ammunition and even kill people before being killed themselves. Many law enforcement training programs have added sections to specifically address handling these situations if officers suspect that the subject is attempting to goad them into using lethal force. Many modern cases that pre-date the formal recognition of the phenomenon have been identified or speculated by historians as matching

330-909: The early 2000s. The phrase seems to have originated in the United States, but has also appeared in the UK, where a jury first determined someone died by suicide by cop in 2003. Some of the first research into suicide by cop was completed by Sgt. Rick Parent of the Delta Police Department in 2004. Parent's research of 843 police shootings determined that about 50% were victim-precipitated homicide. Police defined victim-precipitated homicide as "an incident in which an individual bent on self-destruction, engages in life threatening and criminal behavior to force law enforcement officers to kill them." The first formally labeled "Suicide by Cop" case in English legal history

352-472: The office published 4,038 additional patents covering the areas of material science and engineering , measurement technology , radar reconnaissance , satellite navigation and communication technology . Bean bag round A bean bag round , also known by its trademarked name flexible baton round , is a type of baton round , fired from a shotgun , and used for less lethal apprehension of suspects. The bean bag round typically consists of

374-482: The pattern now known as suicide by cop. According to authors Mark Lindsay and David Lester, Houston McCoy, one of the two Austin Police Department officers who shot and killed Charles Whitman , the " Texas Tower Sniper ", believed that Whitman could have shot him and fellow officer Ramiro Martinez , but "he was waiting for them, and wanted to be shot." The 1976 death of Mal Evans , road manager, assistant, and

396-439: The person, move a safe distance away and engage the person in conversation rather than shouting commands at them. In To Kill a Mockingbird , Tom Robinson, a despondent black man who is imprisoned for a rape he did not commit, is shot 17 times and killed while trying to escape from prison in front of the prison guards. In The Outsiders , Dallas Winston, a juvenile delinquent, aims an unloaded handgun at police officers with

418-668: The standards for software and information sharing in the military and civilian sectors. A reduction on the extreme opaqueness of the old procurement process was also started. As a first practical step, the Office for Intellectual Property in National Defense lifted the secrecy of 2,346 patents relevant to defense technology in March 2017 and published them on the procurement portal of the Weapons Development Department. In April 2018,

440-494: The subjects. Less-lethal force was used 71 times. No force was used the other 341 times, or 81 percent. LAPD’s Mental Evaluation Unit has specially trained officers to handle such incidents and tracked, paired with mental health clinicians, who are on call 24 hours a day. In the US, the Police Executive Research Forum developed a protocol for dealing with incidents, in which officers do not aim their weapon at

462-630: The “All-PLA Arms and Equipment Purchase Information Network” (全军武器装备采购信息). Formally, not only state-owned companies, but also private companies can submit bids. This opening to market competition has the dual goal of improving quality and reducing prices on the one hand, and on the other, to further the goal of "military-civilian integration" (军民融合). This entails that as much dual-use technology as possible should be developed, such as carbon fiber materials , information security in cloud computing , hybrid drives and renewable energies . In order to facilitate this integration, efforts are being made to unify

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484-546: Was a judgment made on May 9, 2003, by the Reverend Dr. William Dolman while serving as a London coroner between 1993 and 2007. It set a legal precedent and the judgment, as a cause of death, has been a part of English law since. A 2009 study in the United States of the profiles of 268 people who died by suicide by cop found that A study of five years (2010-2015) of LAPD data on 419 attempted suicides by cop found that officers used lethal force seven times, killing five of

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