Wei Chen is a Canadian television and radio journalist . Born in Taiwan, she started her career with stations in London and Hamilton . She has worked for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation before moving to Canada AM , the morning show at the CTV Television Network . She was also an anchor on CTV News Channel and a correspondent for the network's newsmagazine series W5 , receiving Gemini Award nominations in 2000 and 2002 for her work with W5 .
54-462: CKXT-DT (channel 52) was a broadcast television station based in Toronto, Ontario , Canada, which broadcast to much of southern and eastern Ontario. It was owned by Quebecor Media through its Groupe TVA unit. Although beginning as a general interest independent station carrying a typical schedule of entertainment and information programming, by the time of the station's closure on November 1, 2011,
108-914: A Radio-Québec station CIVO-TV, with a new CRTC license). Other than the 2009 closedowns of CHCA-TV in Red Deer, Alberta , and CKX-TV in Brandon, Manitoba (both of which went dark entirely), all other defunct stations in Canada became repeaters of other stations almost seamlessly. In addition, CIAN-TV in Calgary and CJAL-TV in Edmonton were closed down as they became the cable-only CTV Two Alberta on August 31, that same year . Following these changes, Sun News Network no longer received mandatory carriage and lost its previous low channel position in Toronto, Hamilton, London and Ottawa;
162-529: A Regional Radiocommunication Conference to abrogate the ST61 plan and to put a new plan for DTT broadcasting only in its place. In December 2005, the European Union decided to cease all analog audio and analog video television transmissions by 2012 and switch all terrestrial television broadcasting to digital audio and digital video (all EU countries have agreed on using DVB-T ). The Netherlands completed
216-603: A virtual channel is defined as part of the ATSC stream metadata so that a station can transmit on any frequency but still show the same channel number. Additionally, free-to-air television repeaters and signal boosters can be used to rebroadcast a terrestrial television signal using an otherwise unused channel to cover areas with marginal reception. (see Pan-American television frequencies for frequency allocation charts) Analog television channels 2 through 6, 7 through 13, and 14 through 51 are only used for LPTV translator stations in
270-480: A "Hometown Television" format with a main station in Toronto and repeaters in Hamilton and Kitchener, was widely deemed the frontrunner for the licence. However, its proposed schedule, with minimum 85% Canadian content consisting primarily of local and regional programming and no U.S. simulcasts , was found to be unviable by most commissioners. Several existing broadcasters were opposed to any new stations being licensed in
324-457: A Category 2 application was approved in November 2010. This left CKXT's fate in 2011 unclear (Quebecor management had initially stated that it did not plan to convert CKXT to an over-the-air all-news format). For the bulk of the 2010–11 season, CKXT broadcast no local programming, and mainly broadcast movies (three movies each weekday, Monday through Friday, at 8 a.m., 1 and 8 p.m.; and
378-496: A New York–based network correspondent. In addition to anchoring and reporting, Mavridis helped create new programming for the network's broadcast radio and online divisions. Roz Weston joined ET Canada . Natasha Ramsahai, the morning weather person on Toronto Today , is now a meteorologist for Citytv Toronto , while Bill Coulter, the evening weather person on Toronto Tonight , is now a meteorologist for CP24 . Tracy Moore and Dina Pugliese both joined Citytv Toronto . Wei Chen
432-448: A certain number of frequencies by virtue of the ST61 plan, not all of them were brought into service. The first National Television System Committee standard was introduced in 1941. This standard defined a transmission scheme for a black-and-white picture with 525 lines of vertical resolution at 60 fields per second. In the early 1950s, this standard was superseded by a backward-compatible standard for color television . The NTSC standard
486-483: A financial and critical disaster for Craig. The station was frequently criticized in the Toronto media, particularly for flashy but vacuous and repetitive local content, newscasts that had a tabloid feel, an uninspired daytime schedule laden with American talk shows and an equally uninspired prime time schedule based heavily on movies, much like CHUM's longstanding Citytv . Columnist Russell Smith of The Globe and Mail called Toronto 1 an "abject, wretched excuse for
540-532: A graduated program. The first centre to experience analog switch-off was the remote Victorian regional town of Mildura , in 2010. The government supplied underprivileged houses across the nation with free digital set-top converter boxes in order to minimize conversion disruption. Australia's major free-to-air television networks were all granted digital transmission licenses and are each required to broadcast at least one high-definition and one standard-definition channel into all of their markets. In North America,
594-476: A quadruple-feature of movies on Saturdays and Sundays at 3, 5, 7 and 9 p.m.), along with paid programming and a handful of "off-network" series reruns. A CRTC filing in early 2011, seeking the authority to continue CKXT's operations following the digital conversion in August 2011, led to speculation that Quebecor was revisiting its earlier decision to surrender its over-the-air licence. Then, in late March 2011,
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#1732858571072648-515: A regular schedule of experimental television programmes . However, these early experimental systems had insufficient picture quality to attract the public, due to their mechanical scan technology, and television did not become widespread until after World War II with the advent of electronic scan television technology. The television broadcasting business followed the model of radio networks , with local television stations in cities and towns affiliated with television networks , either commercial (in
702-551: A senior news correspondent; later that summer he decided instead to enter political life as an advisor in Ontario Premier Dalton McGuinty 's communications team. Chin's Toronto Tonight co-anchor Sarika Sehgal was also let go at the same time. In late 2005, Sehgal joined the 24-hour news channel CBC Newsworld as a host. In the winter of 2003, Toronto Tonight correspondent Chris Mavridis left to join CBS News as
756-662: A specification laid out by the ATSC has become the standard for digital terrestrial television. In the United States, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) set the final deadline for the switch-off of analog service for 12 June 2009. All television receivers must now include a DTT tuner using ATSC . In Canada, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) set 31 August 2011 as
810-530: A television station" whose only truly locally-focused programming was a trio of celebrity-focused talk shows and a health-issues show. On May 19, 2004, Craig announced that 28 Toronto 1 employees and nine employees working at CKAL in Calgary were being laid off. In addition, a large portion of Toronto 1's original programming, including weekday morning show Toronto Today , variety show The Toronto Show , and late evening talk show Last Call , were cancelled. Some of
864-618: Is a type of television broadcasting in which the content is transmitted via radio waves from the terrestrial (Earth-based) transmitter of a TV station to a TV receiver having an antenna . The term terrestrial is more common in Europe and Latin America, while in Canada and the United States it is called over-the-air or simply broadcast . This type of TV broadcast is distinguished from newer technologies, such as satellite television ( direct broadcast satellite or DBS television), in which
918-408: Is now a host on CBC Radio One . As Sun TV, the station met its Canadian content obligations primarily by airing repeats of older Canadian series such as King of Kensington , The Beachcombers , Danger Bay , Ready or Not , My Secret Identity , Super Dave and Side Effects , while also picking up some original non-fiction programming, including the movie review series DVD Show ,
972-519: Is the best use of the radio spectrum". Quebecor management told the CRTC that it would shut the station down, rather than to renew the over-the-air licence. Quebecor closed CKXT on November 1, 2011. It was the fifth major TV station in Canada (and the first in one of Canada's three large cities) to have gone dark since 1977, when CFVO-TV in Hull, Quebec (now Gatineau ), left the air (this station would be returned as
1026-1024: Is used while testing their DTT platform. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, the Advanced Television Systems Committee developed the ATSC standard for digital high-definition terrestrial transmission. This standard was eventually adopted by many American countries, including the United States, Canada, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Argentina, El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras; however, the four latter countries reversed their decision in favor of ISDB-Tb . The Pan-American terrestrial television operates on analog channels 2 through 6 ( VHF -low band, 54 to 88 MHz, known as band I in Europe), 7 through 13 (VHF-high band, 174 to 216 MHz, known as band III elsewhere), and 14 through 51 ( UHF television band, 470 to 698 MHz, elsewhere bands IV and V ). Unlike with analog transmission, ATSC channel numbers do not correspond to radio frequencies. Instead,
1080-441: The E! system folded) announced they had acquired the rights to virtually all of the first-run U.S. series that had aired on CKXT during the 2009–10 season, including Smallville , Supernatural , 60 Minutes , and Jimmy Kimmel Live! . The programming announcement came amidst speculation that CKXT parent Quebecor Media was planning to launch a new news channel , with some of the rumours suggesting that CKXT might be part of
1134-522: The VHF and UHF bands. Since radio waves in these bands travel by line of sight , reception is generally limited by the visual horizon to distances of 64–97 kilometres (40–60 miles), although under better conditions and with tropospheric ducting , signals can sometimes be received hundreds of kilometers distant. Terrestrial television was the first technology used for television broadcasting. The BBC began broadcasting in 1929 and by 1930 many radio stations had
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#17328585710721188-478: The Toronto area because of the unstable economic climate. Alliance Atlantis and Canwest were also unsuccessful applicants. At the same time Rogers applied for and received a licence for a second Toronto multicultural station, OMNI.2 , in a much less controversial decision. The CKXT license also marked the first time that Craig Media had been granted a licence to compete directly with a station owned by CHUM Limited , which meant that CHUM lost sales revenues from
1242-464: The US) or government-controlled (in Europe), which provided content. Television broadcasts were in greyscale (called black and white ) until the transition to color television in the 1960s. There was no other method of television delivery until the 1950s with the beginnings of cable television and community antenna television (CATV). CATV was, initially, only a re-broadcast of over-the-air signals. With
1296-595: The United States. Channels 52 through 69 are still used by some existing stations, but these channels must be vacated if telecommunications companies notify the stations to vacate that signal spectrum. By convention, broadcast television signals are transmitted with horizontal polarization. Terrestrial television broadcast in Asia started as early as 1939 in Japan through a series of experiments done by NHK Broadcasting Institute of Technology . However, these experiments were interrupted by
1350-731: The beginning of the World War II in the Pacific. On February 1, 1953, NHK (Japan Broadcasting Corporation) began broadcasting. On August 28, 1953, Nippon TV (Nippon Television Network Corporation), the first commercial television broadcaster in Asia was launched. Meanwhile, in the Philippines, Alto Broadcasting System (now ABS-CBN Corporation ), the first commercial television broadcaster in Southeast Asia , launched its first commercial terrestrial television station DZAQ-TV on October 23, 1953, with
1404-420: The broadcast rights it had contracted to Craig's A-Channel stations. CHUM retaliated by applying for broadcast licences in Calgary and Edmonton , two markets it had previously avoided so as not to compete directly with Craig. The CRTC denied CHUM's applications. CKXT went to air on September 19, 2003, as the first new general-interest television station in Toronto in 30 years. Toronto 1 proved, however, to be
1458-491: The channel's programming was only available on cable and satellite providers carrying the specialty channel. In the Toronto area, shortly after the station left the air, Rogers-owned CityNews Channel took the place of CKXT on its former cable channel 15 slot for digital subscribers, while Buffalo PBS station WNED-TV occupied channel 15 for analogue subscribers. Sun News retained the other channel positions previously allocated for CKXT on Rogers' cable systems (142 and 567), but it
1512-473: The concert series Beautiful Noise and the food program Street Eats . The performance of CKXT under Quebecor was no better than it was under Craig. In March 2006, the Canadian Media Guild announced that 13 employees would be laid off from the station, including its entire marketing department, and Inside Jam (the rebranded A-List ) would be relegated to weekends only. A new program, Canoe Live ,
1566-486: The date that terrestrial analog transmission service ceased in metropolitan areas and provincial capitals. In Mexico, the Federal Telecommunications Institute (IFT) discontinued the use of analog terrestrial television on 31 December 2015. Wei Chen (journalist) In 2003, Chen left CTV to work for independent station CKXT-DT as anchor of its daytime news program Toronto Today . The program
1620-493: The help of Radio Corporation of America (RCA). By the mid-1990s, the interest in digital television across Europe was such the CEPT convened the "Chester '97" conference to agree on means by which digital television could be inserted into the ST61 frequency plan . The introduction of digital terrestrial television in the late 1990s and early years of the 21st century led the ITU to call
1674-449: The hosts, such as Wei Chen and Roz Weston , were reassigned to other roles with the station at that point. Craig Media said the cuts were made to "further rationalize its operations and control costs". None of the changes worked, however, and on April 12, 2004—seven months after CKXT launched—Craig sold its conventional television assets to CHUM Limited for $ 265 million. CHUM was required by CRTC competition regulations to put CKXT back on
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1728-531: The long-running American game show The Price Is Right , which has moved to OMNI.2 , but it has since began airing on CITY-DT . CKXT-TV was the only English-language independent television station outside of religious and community television stations in Canada on the UHF band. The station applied for rebroadcasters in Ottawa and London in 2007, in order to improve its reach across southern Ontario. The move would give
1782-756: The market immediately, owing to its already strong presence in the Toronto television market through CITY-TV . CHUM sold CKXT to Quebecor Media (QMI), the media unit of Montreal-based communications conglomerate Quebecor . The deal was completed on December 2, 2004; Quebecor gave CHUM CA$ 46 million and Sun Media's 29.9 percent share in CP24 for CKXT. Ownership in CKXT was split, 75 percent to 25 percent, between QMI's publicly traded broadcasting unit Groupe TVA and wholly owned publishing subsidiary Sun Media , which owned The Toronto Sun . The station would be re-branded as "Sun TV" on August 29, 2005. After CKXT's sale to Quebecor,
1836-539: The new management cancelled the station's evening news program, Toronto Tonight , and announced it would expand its entertainment magazine program The A-List to one hour in length, airing weeknights from 7 to 8 p.m. (which was later reduced to a weekend only timeslot, effective March 24, 2006). A late-night sports talk show, The Grill Room , premiered on September 1. Before Toronto Tonight ended on June 30, 2005, former Toronto Tonight co-anchor Ben Chin announced he would be moving to Global Television Network as
1890-453: The new venture. On June 15, 2010, Quebecor confirmed its plans for the new Sun News Network with a scheduled launch date of January 1, 2011. As part of its plans for Sun News, Groupe TVA submitted an application to the CRTC to replace CKXT's licence with a new three-year Category 1 specialty channel licence for the news channel. The Category 1 application was declined by the CRTC in July 2010, but
1944-576: The old 405-line system, while UHF was used solely for 625-line broadcasts (which later used PAL color). Television broadcasting in the 405-line system continued after the introduction of four analog programs in the UHF bands until the last 405-line transmitters were switched off on January 6, 1985. VHF Band III was used in other countries around Europe for PAL broadcasts until the planned phase-out and switch over to digital television. The success of analog terrestrial television across Europe varied from country to country. Although each country had rights to
1998-475: The original MyNetworkTV telenovelas , Desire and Fashion House in 2006, although it scheduled them in the afternoons rather than in prime time. Due to low ratings, the station elected not to air future MNTV telenovelas after the first two series concluded on December 5, 2006. With the conversion of the CH television system to E! Canada , CKXT also picked up some of CHCH-TV 's former daytime programming, including
2052-484: The signal is transmitted to the receiver from an overhead satellite ; cable television , in which the signal is carried to the receiver through a cable ; and Internet Protocol television , in which the signal is received over an Internet stream or on a network utilizing the Internet Protocol . Terrestrial television stations broadcast on television channels with frequencies between about 52 and 600 MHz in
2106-558: The station coverage roughly equal to that of Citytv , OMNI.1 or OMNI.2 . On September 14, 2007, the CRTC approved CKXT's request, giving the station channel 26, digital 19 in London; and channel 54, digital 62 in Ottawa. Sun TV later applied to change its digital channel in Ottawa to 20; this was given approval on June 17, 2008 and began transmissions in September 2008. As of late December 2008, CKXT
2160-503: The station had been converted into an over-the-air simulcast of Quebecor's cable news channel , Sun News Network . The station transmitted on channel 52 in Toronto. CKXT began broadcasting on September 19, 2003, owned and operated by Craig Media as a general-interest independent station branded Toronto 1 . Following the station's sale to Quebecor, it was renamed Sun TV on August 29, 2005. It then began to simulcast Sun News upon that channel's launch on April 18, 2011. Although Sun News
2214-545: The station's website began to redirect to the Sun News Network URL (the station itself continued to air regular programming). Sun News later confirmed via Twitter that it would simulcast its programming on CKXT, at least initially. The simulcast began at the same time Sun News was launched, at 4:30 p.m. ET on April 18, 2011. Bell Satellite TV dropped CKXT the morning of May 3, due to a dispute with Quebecor on whether or not carriage fees should be levied, as Sun News
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2268-649: The switchover by 2012 due to technical limitations; the rest of the EU member states had stopped analog television transmissions by the end 2012. Many countries are developing and evaluating digital terrestrial television systems. Australia has adopted the DVB-T standards and the government's industry regulator, the Australian Communications and Media Authority , has mandated that all analog transmissions will cease by 2012. Mandated digital conversion started early in 2009 with
2322-555: The transition in December 2006, and some EU member states decided to complete their switchover as early as 2008 (Sweden), and (Denmark) in 2009. While the UK began to switch off analog broadcasts, region by region, in late 2007, it was not completed until 24 October 2012. Norway ceased all analog television transmissions on 1 December 2009. Two member states (not specified in the announcement) expressed concerns that they might not be able to proceed to
2376-423: The widespread adoption of cable across the United States in the 1970s and 1980s, viewing of terrestrial television broadcasts has been in decline; in 2018, it was estimated that about 14% of US households used an antenna. However, in certain other regions terrestrial television continue to be the preferred method of receiving television, and it is estimated by Deloitte as of 2020 that at least 1.6 billion people in
2430-431: The world receive at least some television using these means. The largest market is thought to be Indonesia , where 250 million people watch through terrestrial. By 2019, over-the-top media service (OTT) which is streamed via the internet had become a common alternative. Following the ST61 conference, UHF frequencies were first used in the UK in 1964 with the introduction of BBC2 . In the UK, VHF channels were kept on
2484-497: Was broadcast via CKXT, leading to Bell treating Sun News as a terrestrial channel (i.e., available without carriage fees). Quebecor argued that it should charge Bell TV for the rights, as it was a licensed cable specialty channel. (The outage did not affect Bell Fibe TV in the Toronto area, which was compelled to carry CKXT.) The CRTC had questioned Quebecor in early July on its usage of the station to simulcast Sun News, noting "Quebecor should expect to be asked to demonstrate why this
2538-433: Was broadcasting in London in high definition on channel 19.1 and standard definition on channel 19.2. On December 1, 2009, the CRTC approved an application by Quebecor Media to allow a corporate reorganization through which Groupe TVA would acquire Sun Media's 25 percent stake in CKXT. On June 14, 2010, Channel Zero and CHEK Media Group (then-owners of CHCH-TV/ CJNT-TV and CHEK-TV , which they acquired respectively after
2592-667: Was cancelled after only eight months on the air, and Chen was reassigned as a reporter for the primetime magazine program Toronto Tonight until that program was also cancelled in 2005. She then joined CBC Television and worked at TV stations in Calgary , Ottawa and Toronto until January 2007, when she became the new host of CBC Radio One 's Ontario Morning , the network's local morning show for non-metropolitan markets in Southern Ontario , until 2022. She lives in Toronto with her husband Michael Pollard and daughter (Jensen), who she adopted in 2003. This article about
2646-446: Was closed on August 31, 2011, while the remaining transmitters in Toronto, Hamilton, and London were closed on November 1, 2011. Craig Media was awarded a licence for Toronto 1 (originally stylized as "Toronto One") by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) on April 8, 2002, in a controversial split decision regarding five competing applications for new Toronto-area TV stations. Torstar , which proposed
2700-519: Was duplicated on both subchannels. After the analogue television shutdown and digital conversion , which took place on August 31, 2011, CKXT-DT remained on channel 66 until its closedown at the end of October. Digital television receivers would display CKXT-DT's virtual channel as 52.1. CKXT-DT-1 in Hamilton and CKXT-DT-2 London stayed on 15 and 19 respectively, following the transition until their closedowns. Terrestrial television Terrestrial television , or over-the-air television ( OTA )
2754-565: Was exclusively being used in the Americas as well as Japan until the introduction of digital terrestrial television (DTT). While Mexico has ended all its analog television broadcasts and the United States and Canada have shut down nearly all of their analog TV stations, the NTSC standard continues to be used in the rest of Latin American countries except for Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay where PAL-N standard
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#17328585710722808-500: Was launched in May 2006 to poor reviews. At the same time, the station stepped up its acquisitions of U.S. network series, albeit mainly the "leftovers" not obtained by other Canadian networks. The fall 2006 schedule, for instance, included Veronica Mars , 60 Minutes , Cops , America's Most Wanted and Girlfriends . The first four programs aired on other Canadian television networks but with poor ratings. CKXT also carried both of
2862-431: Was licensed as a Category C (optional carriage) digital specialty channel , CKXT, as a broadcast station, had mandatory cable carriage in its over-the-air service area. Hence the simulcast meant that Sun News programming was available to analog cable subscribers throughout southern and eastern Ontario. However, the station retained its own broadcast licence separate from the specialty channel. The station's Ottawa transmitter
2916-433: Was no longer included as part of its basic service. Sun News Network itself shut down on February 13, 2015, with Quebecor attributing the channel's failure to it being denied mandatory carriage. Download coordinates as: Following the shutdown of these rebroadcasters, most channel allocations were transferred to other stations: Subchannels were for the London and Ottawa digital repeaters only. The same program content
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