Closed ecological systems or contained ecological systems ( CES ) are ecosystems that do not rely on matter exchange with any part outside the system.
36-507: CES may stand for: Closed ecological system , isolated from the outside Clean Energy Standards Constant elasticity of substitution , in economics, a feature of a particular class of production function The ISO 639 code for the Czech language CES, formerly Consumer Electronics Show , annual trade show, Las Vegas, Nevada, US Technology [ edit ] Circuit Emulation Service ,
72-665: A life-support system ]] or space habitats . In a closed ecological system, any waste products produced by one species must be used by at least one other species. If the purpose is to maintain a life form, such as a mouse or a human , waste products such as carbon dioxide , feces and urine must eventually be converted into oxygen , food , and water . A closed ecological system must contain at least one autotrophic organism. While both chemotrophic and phototrophic organisms are plausible, almost all closed ecological systems to date are based on an autotroph such as green algae . A closed ecological system for an entire planet
108-466: A Los Angeles–based community organization Coalition of Essential Schools , US educational reform Community Exchange System , international Internet trading network Commonwealth Employment Service , former Australian Government employment agency Confédération Européenne de Scoutisme or Confederation of European Scouts Centre for European Studies (disambiguation) , the name of several educational institutions Center for Election Science ,
144-533: A US-based Approval voting advocacy organization People [ edit ] Jean Ces , French boxer of the 1920s Transportation [ edit ] Central South station , a proposed MTR station in Hong Kong Cessnock Airport , IATA airport code "CES" Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title CES . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
180-465: A highly integrated and reliable system: Air temperature control, Humidity removal, Carbon dioxide removal , Trace contaminant removal, Post-fire atmospheric recovery, Air filtration, and Cabin air circulation. Space station systems include technology that enables humans to live in outer space for a prolonged period of time. Such technology includes filtration systems for human waste disposal and air production. Skylab used 72% oxygen and 28% nitrogen at
216-411: A long beam extending another cabin section or counterweight, spinning it at an appropriate speed will cause centrifugal force to simulate the effect of gravity. If ω is the angular velocity of the ship's spin, then the acceleration at a radius r is: Notice the magnitude of this effect varies with the radius of rotation, which crewmembers might find inconvenient depending on the cabin design. Also,
252-553: A space mission, and outputs a similar amount in the form of waste solids, waste liquids, and carbon dioxide . The mass breakdown of these metabolic parameters is as follows: 0.84 kg (1.9 lb) of oxygen, 0.62 kg (1.4 lb) of food, and 3.54 kg (7.8 lb) of water consumed, converted through the body's physiological processes to 0.11 kg (3.9 oz) of solid wastes, 3.89 kg (8.6 lb) of liquid wastes, and 1.00 kg (2.20 lb) of carbon dioxide produced. These levels can vary due to activity level of
288-575: A specific mission assignment, but must obey the principle of mass balance . Actual water use during space missions is typically double the given value, mainly due to non-biological use (e.g. showering). Additionally, the volume and variety of waste products varies with mission duration to include hair, finger nails, skin flaking, and other biological wastes in missions exceeding one week in length. Other environmental considerations such as radiation, gravity, noise, vibration, and lighting also factor into human physiological response in outer space, though not with
324-411: A surface saturation accommodation facility provides breathing gas and other services to support life for the personnel under pressure. It includes the following components: Underwater habitats differ in that the ambient external pressure is the same as internal pressure, so some engineering problems are simplified. Underwater habitats balance internal pressure with the ambient external pressure, allowing
360-621: A telecommunication technology Cryogenic energy storage Character encoding scheme, a reversible transformation of sequences of code units to sequences of bytes Charge-exchange spectroscopy , a diagnostic used in plasma physics Companies [ edit ] ICAO Code designator for China Eastern Airlines Medicine [ edit ] Cauda equina syndrome , a serious neurological condition Cranial electrotherapy stimulation , therapeutic brain stimulation Camurati-Engelmann disease , also called "Camurati Engelmann syndrome" (CES) Carboxylesterase , an enzyme that catalyzes
396-655: A total pressure of 5 psi. The Salyut and Mir space stations contained an air-like Oxygen and Nitrogen mixture at approximately sea-level pressures of 93.1 kPa (13.5psi) to 129 kPa (18.8 psi) with an Oxygen content of 21% to 40%. The life-support system for the Bigelow Commercial Space Station is being designed by Bigelow Aerospace in Las Vegas, Nevada . The space station will be constructed of habitable Sundancer and BA 330 expandable spacecraft modules. As of October 2010, " human-in-the-loop testing of
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#1732848897308432-451: Is a European Space Agency led initiative, conceived as a micro-organisms and higher plants based ecosystem intended as a tool to gain understanding of the behaviour of artificial ecosystems, and for the development of the technology for a future regenerative life-support system for long term crewed space missions. CyBLiSS ("Cyanobacterium-Based Life Support Systems") is a concept developed by researchers from several space agencies ( NASA ,
468-426: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This space - or spaceflight -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Life support system A life-support system is the combination of equipment that allows survival in an environment or situation that would not support that life in its absence. It is generally applied to systems supporting human life in situations where
504-805: Is called an ecosphere . Man-made closed ecological systems which were created to sustain human life include Biosphere 2 , MELiSSA , and the BIOS-1, BIOS-2, and BIOS-3 projects. Bottle gardens and aquarium ecospheres are partially or fully enclosed glass containers that are self-sustaining closed ecosystems that can be made or purchased. They can include tiny shrimp , algae , gravel , decorative shells , and Gorgonia . Closed ecological systems are commonly featured in fiction and particularly in science fiction . These include domed cities , space stations and habitats on foreign planets or asteroids , cylindrical habitats (e.g. O'Neill cylinders ), Dyson Spheres and so on. This ecology -related article
540-411: Is consumed by crew members for drinking, cleaning activities, EVA thermal control, and emergency uses. It must be stored, used, and reclaimed (from waste water and exhaled water vapor) efficiently since no on-site sources currently exist for the environments reached in the course of human space exploration. Future lunar missions may utilize water sourced from polar ices; Mars missions may utilize water from
576-399: Is done, for example, by composting toilets which reintegrate waste material (excrement) back into the system, allowing the nutrients to be taken up by the food crops. The food coming from the crops is then consumed again by the system's users and the cycle continues. The logistics and area requirements involved however have been prohibitive in implementing such a system to date. Depending on
612-796: The German Aerospace Center and the Italian Space Agency ) which would use cyanobacteria to process resources available on Mars directly into useful products, and into substrates for other key organisms of Bioregenerative life support system (BLSS). The goal is to make future human-occupied outposts on Mars as independent of Earth as possible (explorers living "off the land"), to reduce mission costs and increase safety. Even though developed independently, CyBLiSS would be complementary to other BLSS projects (such as MELiSSA) as it can connect them to materials found on Mars, thereby making them sustainable and expandable there. Instead of relying on
648-569: The Soyuz spacecraft is called the Kompleks Sredstv Obespecheniya Zhiznideyatelnosti (KSOZh) ( Russian : Комплекс Средств Обеспечения Жизнедеятельности (KCOЖ) ). Vostok, Voshkod and Soyuz contained air-like mixtures at approximately 101kPa (14.7 psi). The life support system provides a nitrogen/oxygen atmosphere at sea level partial pressures. The atmosphere is then regenerated through KO2 cylinders, which absorb most of
684-406: The breathing gas requires treatment to remain respirable, and the occupants are isolated from the outside ambient pressure and temperature. Medical life-support systems include heart-lung machines , medical ventilators and dialysis equipment. A crewmember of typical size requires approximately 5 kilograms (11 lb) of food , water , and oxygen per day to perform standard activities on
720-552: The CO2 and water produced by the crew biologically and regenerates the oxygen, the LiOH cylinders then absorb the leftover CO2. The Paragon Space Development Corporation is developing a plug and play ECLSS called commercial crew transport-air revitalization system (CCT-ARS) for future spacecraft partially paid for using NASA's Commercial Crew Development ( CCDev ) funding. The CCT-ARS provides seven primary spacecraft life support functions in
756-821: The Space Shuttle, NASA includes in the ECLSS category systems that provide both life support for the crew and environmental control for payloads. The Shuttle Reference Manual contains ECLSS sections on: Crew Compartment Cabin Pressurization, Cabin Air Revitalization, Water Coolant Loop System, Active Thermal Control System, Supply and Waste Water, Waste Collection System, Waste Water Tank, Airlock Support, Extravehicular Mobility Units , Crew Altitude Protection System, and Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator Cooling and Gaseous Nitrogen Purge for Payloads. The life-support system on
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#1732848897308792-399: The atmosphere or ice deposits. All space missions to date have used supplied food. Life-support systems could include a plant cultivation system which allows food to be grown within buildings or vessels. This would also regenerate water and oxygen. However, no such system has flown in outer space as yet. Such a system could be designed so that it reuses most (otherwise lost) nutrients. This
828-519: The bell are through a bell umbilical, made up from a number of hoses and electrical cables twisted together and deployed as a unit. This is extended to the divers through the diver umbilicals. The accommodation life support system maintains the chamber environment within the acceptable range for health and comfort of the occupants. Temperature, humidity, breathing gas quality sanitation systems and equipment function are monitored and controlled. Micro-Ecological Life Support System Alternative ( MELiSSA )
864-504: The effects of Coriolis force (a force imparted at right angles to motion within the cabin) must be dealt with. And there is concern that rotation could aggravate the effects of vestibular disruption. American Mercury, Gemini and Apollo spacecraft contained 100% oxygen atmospheres, suitable for short duration missions, to minimize weight and complexity. The Space Shuttle was the first American spacecraft to have an Earth-like atmospheric mixture, comprising 22% oxygen and 78% nitrogen. For
900-501: The environmental control and life-support system (ECLSS)" for Sundancer has begun. Natural LSS like the Biosphere 2 in Arizona have been tested for future space travel or colonization. These systems are also known as closed ecological systems . They have the advantage of using solar energy as primary energy only and being independent from logistical support with fuel. Natural systems have
936-486: The highest degree of efficiency due to integration of multiple functions. They also provide the proper ambience for humans which is necessary for a longer stay in outer space. Underwater habitats and surface saturation accommodation facilities provide life-support for their occupants over periods of days to weeks. The occupants are constrained from immediate return to surface atmospheric pressure by decompression obligations of up to several weeks. The life support system of
972-416: The length of the mission, astronauts may need artificial gravity to reduce the effects of space adaptation syndrome , body fluid redistribution, and loss of bone and muscle mass. Two methods of generating artificial weight in outer space exist. If a spacecraft's engines could produce thrust continuously on the outbound trip with a thrust level equal to the mass of the ship, it would continuously accelerate at
1008-481: The life-support system are life-critical , and are designed and constructed using safety engineering techniques. In underwater diving , the breathing apparatus is considered to be life support equipment, and a saturation diving system is considered a life-support system – the personnel who are responsible for operating it are called life support technicians . The concept can also be extended to submarines , crewed submersibles and atmospheric diving suits , where
1044-475: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CES&oldid=1243313835 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Closed ecological system The term is most often used to describe small, man-made ecosystems. Such systems can potentially serve as
1080-413: The more immediate effect that the metabolic parameters have. Outer space life-support systems maintain atmospheres composed, at a minimum, of oxygen, water vapor and carbon dioxide. The partial pressure of each component gas adds to the overall barometric pressure . However, the elimination of diluent gases substantially increases fire risks, especially in ground operations when for structural reasons
1116-448: The occupants free access to the ambient environment within a specific depth range, while saturation divers accommodated in surface systems are transferred under pressure to the working depth in a closed diving bell The life support system for the bell provides and monitors the main supply of breathing gas , and the control station monitors the deployment and communications with the divers. Primary gas supply, power and communications to
CES - Misplaced Pages Continue
1152-431: The outside environment is hostile, such as outer space or underwater , or medical situations where the health of the person is compromised to the extent that the risk of death would be high without the function of the equipment. In human spaceflight , a life-support system is a group of devices that allow a human being to survive in outer space. US government space agency NASA , and private spaceflight companies use
1188-419: The phrase "environmental control and life-support system" or the acronym ECLSS when describing these systems. The life-support system may supply air, water and food. It must also maintain the correct body temperature, an acceptable pressure on the body and deal with the body's waste products. Shielding against harmful external influences such as radiation and micro-meteorites may also be necessary. Components of
1224-429: The rate of 32.2 feet per second (9.8 m/s) per second, and the crew would experience a pull toward the ship's aft bulkhead at normal Earth gravity (one g). The effect is proportional to the rate of acceleration. When the ship reaches the halfway point, it would turn around and produce thrust in the retrograde direction to slow down. Alternatively, if the ship's cabin is designed with a large cylindrical wall, or with
1260-504: The reaction between a carboxylic ester and water Organization [ edit ] Caspian Engineers Society Center for Economic Studies , University of Munich Center for Ethical Solutions , bioethics think tank in the United States Centre for Environmental Studies , former UK research organization Church Educational System , of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Coalition for Economic Survival ,
1296-433: The total cabin pressure must exceed the external atmospheric pressure; see Apollo 1 . Furthermore, oxygen toxicity becomes a factor at high oxygen concentrations. For this reason, most modern crewed spacecraft use conventional air (nitrogen/oxygen) atmospheres and use pure oxygen only in pressure suits during extravehicular activity where acceptable suit flexibility mandates the lowest inflation pressure possible. Water
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