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33-611: The predecessor of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences was the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, established in 1955. The CASS was established in May 1977 based on splitting the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences from the Chinese Academy of Sciences , with the aim of promoting the development of philosophy and social sciences, under

66-533: A Declaration of Scientific Ideology and set up a commission for scientific integrity to promote transparency, autonomy and accountability of scientific research in the country. Around that same time, the Ministry of Science and Technology also initiated measures to address misconduct in state-funded programs. Together with the National Natural Science Foundation of China , the academy publishes

99-477: A campaign to promote the National Science Conference. A team led by CAS vice president Fang Yi instructed schools, factories, and communes to organize youth-focused events celebrating science and technology. In 1977, the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences was split off of CAS and reorganized into the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and led by Hu Qiaomu. The Graduate School of

132-698: A focus during the Cultural Revolution . Deng emphasized that "the Academy of Sciences is an Academy of Sciences, not an Academy of Cabbage." Deng assigned CAS vice president Hu Yaobang to draft a plan for overhauling CAS. Deng and his aide Hu Qiaomu revised the draft and in September 1974 issued "The Outline Report on the Work of the Academy of Sciences". The Outline described scientific research in China as lagging behind

165-585: A former professor at the Shanghai University of Political Science and Law , CASS "is not so much an academic institution but a body to formulate party ideology to support the leadership." CASS employees periodically submit observations of colleagues' behavior to inspection teams, especially of colleagues who criticize the Chinese Communist Party in private. Chinese Academy of Sciences The Chinese Academy of Sciences ( CAS ; 中国科学院 )

198-650: Is a public university in Hefei , China. It is affiliated with the Chinese Academy of Sciences , and co-funded by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Ministry of Education of China , and the Anhui Provincial Government. It is part of Project 211 , Project 985 , and the Double First-Class Construction . The university was founded in Beijing by the Chinese Academy of Sciences in September 1958. In

231-539: Is a lifelong honor given to Chinese scientists who have made significant achievements in various fields. According to the Bylaws for Members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences adopted in 1992 and recently amended in 2014, it is the highest academic title in China. A formal CAS member must hold Chinese citizenship , although foreign citizens may be elected as CAS foreign academicians. Members older than 80 are designated as "senior members" and may no longer hold leading positions in

264-573: Is the national academy for natural sciences and the highest consultancy for science and technology of the People's Republic of China . It is the world's largest research organization, with 106 research institutes, 2 universities, 71,300 full-time employees, and 79 thousand graduate students. The Chinese Academy of Sciences has historical origins in the Academia Sinica during the Republican era and

297-686: The Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences , which later became the University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences . The Institute of Taiwan Studies at CASS is under the control of the Fifteenth Bureau of the Ministry of State Security . The ITS has been headed by Zhu Weidong since 2023 after its previous head, Yang Mingjie, left to lead the China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations . The Dictionary Editing Office of

330-537: The Times Higher Education World University Rankings ranked USTC 57th overall in the world. The Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU), also known as the "Shanghai Ranking", placed USTC 42nd in the world, 6th in Asia, and 5th in China. The 2022 QS World University Rankings ranked USTC 93rd overall in the world. The 2024 US News Best Global Universities ranked USTC 82nd overall in

363-440: The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , which is among the world's top five universities ranked by Nature Index . In 2024, Clarivate's Highly Cited Researchers list contained 308 CSA members. This made CSA researchers the largest group on the list by institution, and the sixth largest by country. The Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth is a branch of CAS. The Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth

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396-585: The peer-reviewed academic journal , Science China (also known as Science in China ). Science China comprises seven series: CAS also promotes the China Open Access Journals (COAJ) platform, a national variant of the international Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). Since 1999, the CAS has issued the annual State Preeminent Science and Technology Award , presented by the President of China to

429-490: The CAS Experimental Program of Knowledge Innovation, USTC has achieved a batch of important and innovative results in the basic research of nano science and technology, quantum information science , life science research, fire science, and fire protection technology, polar scientific investigation and research, bio-mass clean energy research. USTC is generally considered one of the most competitive universities in

462-586: The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) was established in 2001 as a successor to the Graduate School of the University of Science and Technology of China (Beijing).The Ministry of Education (MOE) approved the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) application to change its name to the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) on July 23, 2012. Additionally, the MOE recommended that CAS discontinue

495-598: The Institute of Linguistics edits Xiandai Hanyu Cidian . The China Social Sciences Press was established in June 1978 under the auspices of the CASS, and has published over 8,000 books since its inception. Every quarter, CASS hosts a high-level seminar to which it invites officials from other developing countries to discuss topics including governance in China, poverty alleviation, and socio-economic development. According to Chen Daoyin,

528-578: The Outline Report was revived and adopted as CAS's official policy. Shortly after his return, Deng hosted a series of meetings on science and education in which he stated that science should become the forerunner of China's modernization. Following these remarks, CAS prepared its goals for natural science disciplines to be achieved by 1985, stating that as a developing socialist country, China should strengthen basic scientific research through foreign exchanges. To further promote this agenda, Deng began

561-750: The Twelve-Year Science Plan and formed the Beijing Institute of Computing Technology under the CAS. In 1964, CAS debuted China's first self-developed large digital computer , the 119. The 119 was a core technology in facilitating China's first successful nuclear weapon test ( Project 596 ), also in 1964. Beginning in 1972, CAS began promoting the idea of balancing applied research with more theoretical research and in having scientific exchanges with other developing countries. As vice premier, Deng Xiaoping in 1975 also sought to re-orient CAS towards more theoretical research, which had not been

594-532: The beginning of 1970, the university moved to Hefei during the Cultural Revolution . The university has 13 schools, 11 national research platforms, 8 science-education integration colleges, and 5 joint cooperative institutes with local governments. The university is a member of the C9 League . The university was founded in Beijing by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in September 1958. The director of CAS, Guo Moruo

627-646: The country, and consistently ranked among the top universities in Asia according to several major international university rankings. The joint THE-QS World University Rankings 2005 ranked USTC 4th in China (after Peking , Tsinghua and Fudan ), 13th in Asia and 93rd in the world. The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2011 placed USTC 49th in the world, 7th in Asia and 2nd in China after Peking. It ranked 10th in Asia and 4th in Emerging countries & Mainland China after (Tsinghua, Peking and Zhejiang) in 2020 by Times Higher Education . As of 2023,

660-480: The instruction of Deng Xiaoping . The first president was Hu Qiaomu . In 1979, CASS Vice President Huan Xiang led the first Chinese delegation of social scientists to travel to the United States. In 2022, Gao Xiang was appointed Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary and president of CASS. In 2024, The Wall Street Journal reported that a deputy director of CASS' Institute of Economics, Hengpeng Zhu ,

693-544: The most famous. The academy also runs the University of Science and Technology of China and the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , both of which are among the world's top four institutions in the Nature Index rankings. CAS also holds a stake in the Chinese hacking company I-Soon. Membership of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, also known by the title Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences ( 中国科学院院士 ),

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726-417: The needs of socialist construction and the state of the advanced countries, and stated that to catch up, China should emphasize basic science in order to develop a sound theoretical foundation. This approach to scientific reform fell out of political favor in 1976 when Deng was purged, although it continued to be supported by many members within CAS. A month before Deng's political return in 1977 however,

759-609: The operation of the CAS Graduate School. In 2023, the Pasteur Institute suspended ties with CAS. According to the "Regulations on Functional Configuration, Internal Organizations and Staffing of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)", CAS has set up the following organizations: The enterprise units directly under the Chinese Academy of Sciences are wholly owned or controlled by Chinese Academy of Sciences State-owned Assets Management Co. On 26 February 2007, CAS published

792-521: The organization. Academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences carry an obligation to advance science and technology, to advocate and uphold scientific spirit, to develop a scientific and technological workforce, to attend member meetings and receive consultation and evaluation tasks, and to promote international exchanges and cooperation. Academicians can give suggestions and influence Chinese state policy related to science and technology. In 1956, China formally began its computing program when it launched

825-534: The recipient. CAS has been ranked the No. 1 research institute in the world by Nature Index since the list's inception in 2014 by Nature Portfolio . It was the most productive institution publishing articles on sustainable development indexed in the Web of Science from 1981 to 2018 among all universities and research institutions in the world. The academy also runs the University of Science and Technology of China and

858-614: The university. In 1959, USTC was listed in the top 16 national key universities , becoming the youngest national key university. In the beginning of 1970, the university moved to Hefei during the Cultural Revolution. In 2012, USTC and the National University of Defense Technology signed a strategic agreement to cooperate on quantum computing research at a ceremony attended by Pan Jianwei and Yang Xuejun . Presidents: Honorary President: Since its participation in

891-546: The world among the global universities (after Harvard and UCAS ). In 2024, USTC is ranked 44th globally by the Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities with "Engineering" & "Natural Science" related-fields ranked in the global top 10. In the 2021 ARWU Global Ranking of Academic Subjects, the USTC had six disciplines in the world's top 20, 14 disciplines in the world's top 50 and 18 disciplines in

924-572: The world and 6th in mainland China. USTC is regarded as one of the most reputable Chinese universities by the Times Higher Education World Reputation Rankings where they ranked 51–60th globally. The Nature Index Research Leaders 2024, which measures the largest groups of papers published in 145 leading high-quality science journals, ranks USTC the No.2 university in China and the Asia Pacific region, and 3th in

957-526: The world's top 100. Nature Index tracks the affiliations of high-quality scientific articles and presents research outputs by institution and country on monthly basis. Only the National Laboratories, State Key Laboratories, and Key Laboratories of the Chinese Academy of Sciences are listed below, among which the National Laboratories have the highest qualification. USTC is the only university in mainland China which possess two National Laboratories at

990-472: Was a customer of Swedish Space Corporation (SSC), which provides data transmission services from satellites for a wide range of societal functions. It was reported by Reuters on 21 September 2020 that SSC decided not to renew the contracts with China to help operate Chinese satellites from SSC's ground stations, or seek new business with China. University of Science and Technology of China The University of Science and Technology of China ( USTC )

1023-460: Was appointed the first president of USTC. USTC's founding mission was to develop a high-level science and technology workforce, as deemed critical for development of China's economy, defense, and science and technology education. The establishment was hailed as "A Major Event in the History of Chinese Education and Science." CAS has supported USTC by combining most of its institutes with the departments of

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1056-574: Was detained and removed from his position after criticizing Xi Jinping 's management of the national economy in a private WeChat group. The CASS is a ministry-level institution under the State Council. As of 2012, CASS has over 3,200 resident scholars. As of November 2020, the CASS has 6 university departments, 42 research institutes, 6 functional departments, 5 directly affiliated institutions, and 3 directly affiliated companies. Of its functional departments, five are focused on research. CASS houses

1089-447: Was formerly also known by that name until the 1980s. The academy functions as the national scientific think tank and academic governing body, providing advisory and appraisal services on issues stemming from the national economy, social development , and science and technology progress. It is headquartered in Beijing , with affiliate institutes throughout China. It has also created hundreds of commercial enterprises, Lenovo being one of

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