51-400: Bäke may refer to: Bäke (Telte) , a river of Berlin and Brandenburg, Germany Franz Bäke (1898–1978), German officer and tank commander during World War II See also [ edit ] Varreler Bäke , a river in north Germany Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
102-401: A large number of attacks on their lands. By the middle of the 17th century, the question arose about the construction of a new Belgorod fortress three kilometers south of the existing one. In the 17th century Belgorod suffered repeatedly from Tatar incursions , against which Russia built (from 1633 to 1740) an earthen wall, with twelve forts, extending upwards of 200 miles (320 kilometres) from
153-569: A mechanized engineer battalion. In January 1944, Bäke commanded his regiment during the battles for the Balabonovka pocket. Bäke single-handedly destroyed three Soviet tanks during the battle with infantry weapons at close range, for which he received three Tank Destruction Badges . Next, the regiment was part of a relief effort in support of Group Stemmermann , encircled in the Cherkassy Pocket . For his actions during these battles, Bäke received
204-741: A miracle worker and was glorified as a saint of the Russian Orthodox Church in 1911. Soviet power was established in the city on 26 October (8 November) 1917. On 10 April 1918, troops of the Imperial German Army occupied Belgorod. After the conclusion of the Brest-Litovsk peace treaty of 9 February 1918 the demarcation line passed to the north of the city. Belgorod became part of the newly proclaimed Ukrainian People's Republic (February to May 1918) and Ukrainian State headed by Hetman Pavlo Skoropadskyi . On 20 December 1918, after
255-564: A population of 339,978 ( 2021 Census ) . The name Belgorod (Белгород) in Russian literally means "white city", a compound of " белый " ( bely , "white, light") and " город " ( gorod , "town, city"). The name is a reference to the region's historical abundance of limestone . The population of Belgorod is 339,978 as of the most recent censuses: 339,978 ( 2021 Census ) ; 356,402 ( 2010 Census ) ; 337,030 ( 2002 Census ) ; 300,408 ( 1989 Soviet census ) . As of
306-455: A section of an apartment block collapsed. Russian MOD claimed it as a Ukrainian missile strike. CIT investigators said the building was most likely hit by a Russian bomb, as the explosion occurred on the North-Eastern side of the building, opposite to the border with Ukraine. Belgorod is the administrative center of the oblast . Within the framework of administrative divisions , it
357-408: A semi-automatic rifle on several people at a gun store and on a sidewalk, killing all six people whom he hit: three people at the store and three passers-by, including two teenage girls. Pomazun was apprehended after an extensive day-long manhunt; during his arrest, he wounded a policeman with a knife. He was sentenced to life in prison on 23 August 2013. There were several attacks on Belgorod during
408-410: Is incorporated as the city of oblast significance of Belgorod—an administrative unit with status equal to that of the districts . As a municipal division , the city of oblast significance of Belgorod is incorporated as Belgorod Urban Okrug. For administrative purposes, Belgorod is divided into two city okrugs : There has been a railway connection between Belgorod and Moscow since 1869. The city
459-425: Is not legible, but it may have been signed by Andrey Kvasov . The central part of the plan was occupied by an octahedral "marketplace" with 64 stone shops and 20 warehouse barns. Moskovskaya, Kievskaya, Voronezhskaya and Kharkovskaya streets ran from the trading area in four directions. According to the plan, it was supposed to divide the entire city into 16 quarters, 4 of which should be built up with stone houses, and
510-532: Is rarely possible to determine reliably in the heat of the battle how many tanks were destroyed and by whom. Military historian Steven Zaloga uses the term " tank ace " in quotation marks in his 2015 work Armored Champion: The Top Tanks of World War II . Zaloga points out that most of the supposed panzer aces operated the Tiger I heavy tank on the Eastern Front; having advantages both in firepower and in armor, Tiger I
561-573: Is served by Belgorod International Airport (EGO) in the north of the city. There are two bus stations: Bus Belgorod, Belgorod- 2 Bus Terminal (located on the forecourt), and the bus stop complex Energomash. The Energomash bus station is mainly for commuter buses. Buses run from the Belgorod-2 station mainly to nearby regional centers, and depart in accordance with the arrival of trains. Trolleybus services were discontinued on 30 June 2022 and replaced by diesel buses, despite public support for retention of
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#1732854826809612-460: Is warm and either humid and rainy or hot and droughty. Autumn is mild and rainy. The Belgorod reservoirs get covered with ice by the end of November or the beginning of December, and the ice layer typically lasts until March or April. There was a settlement of the Slavic tribe of Severians in the area, which was probably destroyed at the beginning of the 10th century by the nomadic Pechenegs . In 965,
663-455: The 2021 Census , the ethnic composition of Belgorod was: 149,931 people (or 44.1% of the population) residing in Belgorod did not state their ethnicity in the 2021 census. Like many Russian cities, Belgorod began as a fortified settlement. The oldest Belgorod fortress was built at the end of the 16th century on a chalk mountain. According to scientific excavations and surviving archival data,
714-545: The Belgorod Agrarian University [ ru ] , and the Financial Academy. Belgorod Drama Theater is named after the famous 19th-century actor Mikhail Shchepkin , who was born in this region. On 22 April 2013, a mass shooting occurred at approximately 2:20 PM Moscow time on a street in Belgorod. The shooter, identified as 31-year-old Sergey Pomazun ( Russian : Сергей Помазун ), opened fire with
765-678: The Crimean Tatars . Belgorod was part of a chain of fortification lines , created by Grand Duchy of Moscow and later the Tsardom of Russia to protect it from the Crimean–Nogai slave raids that ravaged the southern provinces of the country during the Russo-Crimean Wars . The tsar appointed two princes-governors to supervise the construction of Belgorod: Mikhail Vasilyevich Nozdrovaty and Andrei Romanovich Volkonsky. The first Belgorod fortress
816-596: The Kursk Regional Executive Committee. The German Wehrmacht occupied Belgorod from 25 October 1941 to 9 February 1943. The Germans operated a forced labour battalion for Jews in the city. The Germans re-captured it on 18 March 1943 in the final move of the Third Battle of Kharkov . On 12 July 1943, during the Battle of Kursk , the largest tank battle in world history took place near Prokhorovka , and
867-629: The Polish–Lithuanian troops who participated in the wars with the Russian state during the Time of Troubles . In 1612 the Belgorod fortress was taken and burned by a detachment of Lithuanians. The governor, Nikita Likharev, by order of the tsar, was already building the second Belgorod fortress on the opposite bank of the Seversky Donets the following year, 1613. Over the next decades, Belgorodians repulsed
918-535: The Russian invasion of Ukraine . Russian officials claimed that Belgorod was repeatedly targeted by indiscriminate Ukrainian attacks. On 1 April 2022, two Ukrainian Mi-24 performed a night raid and set fire to a fuel depot in Belgorod, in a low-altitude airstrike. On 20 April 2023, a Russian Su-34 fighter jet accidentally dropped a bomb on the city, leaving a crater 20 metres (66 ft) across and injuring two people. On 22 April, more than 3,000 people were evacuated from their homes after an undetonated explosive
969-722: The Volunteer Army occupied the town as part of White -controlled South Russia . From September 1925, the territorial 163rd Infantry Regiment of the 55th Infantry Division of Kursk was stationed in Belgorod. In September 1939, it was deployed to the 185th Infantry Division. On 2 March 1935, the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union decided to allocate the city of Belgorod, Kursk region, into an independent administrative unit directly subordinate to
1020-734: The Vorskla in the west to the Don in the east, and called the Belgorod line [ ru ] . In 1666 the Moscow Patriarchate established an archiepiscopal see in the town. Tsar Peter the Great visited Belgorod on the eve of the Battle of Poltava in 1709. After the Russian border moved south following successful wars against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the second half of
1071-519: The 17th century, the strategic importance of the city gradually decreased, and on 13 May 1785, by decree of Catherine II , Belgorod was excluded from the number of fortresses of the Russian Empire . From that moment on, the city plunged into the measured provincial life of the central black earth zone of Russia. Military life was replaced by agricultural life, the number of spiritual, educational, industrial and commercial institutions were growing, and in
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#17328548268091122-552: The 50th anniversary of the Belgorod Oblast. With the expansion of the borders of the Russian state , the military significance of the Belgorod fortress gradually decreased and by the middle of the 18th century, only the Kremlin remained from the formidable fortress. In the fall of 1766, the new governor, Andrei Fliverk pushed for a new city plan. A regular street plan was developed and signed on 18 April 1767. The architect's signature
1173-574: The German war effort on the Eastern Front. Smelser and Davies define gurus as "authors, [who] have picked up and disseminated the myths of the Wehrmacht in a wide variety of popular publications that romanticize the German struggle in Russia". In Kurowski's retelling of the operation to relieve the Cherkassy Pocket , Bäke is able to establish a corridor to the trapped German forces, after fighting unit after unit of
1224-784: The Iron Cross . During the Battle of Kursk (Operation Citadel) in July 1943, Bäke's unit fought near Belgorod , retreating to the Dniepr afterwards. For his actions during Operation Citadel, Bäke was awarded the Oak Leaves to the Knight's Cross. On 1 November 1943, Bäke was appointed as a regimental commander. In December 1943, he was ordered to form an ad hoc reinforced tank regiment named Heavy Panzer Regiment Bäke. The regiment consisted of 46 Panther and 34 Tiger I tanks, supported by self-propelled artillery and
1275-608: The Red Army definitively retook the city on 5/6 August 1943. The Belgorod Diorama [ de ] is one of the World War II monuments commemorating the event. In 1954, the city became the administrative center of Belgorod Oblast and rapidly developed as a regional industrial and cultural center. The major educational centers of the city are Belgorod State University , the Belgorod Technological University ,
1326-606: The Red Army. Kurowski writes: "when the Soviets launched their expected attack, they were wiped out by the exhausted Panzer soldiers". In another of Kurowski's accounts, while attempting to relieve the 6th Army encircled in Stalingrad, Bäke destroys 32 enemy tanks in a single engagement. The historian Sönke Neitzel questions the number of "tank kills" attributed to various tank commanders. According to Neitzel, number of successes by highly decorated soldiers should be read with caution as it
1377-493: The SA was SA- Standartenführer as of August 1944. Bäke established his own dentistry practice in Hagen. In 1937 he was accepted into the reserves and was posted to a reconnaissance unit. In 1938, he was mobilized for full-time service as an officer and took part in the occupation of Czechoslovakia . Bäke's unit took part in the invasion of Poland as part of the 1st Light Division , which
1428-551: The Swords to the Knight's Cross on 21 February 1944. In March, the regiment fought in the Kamenets-Podolsky pocket . In May 1944, Bäke was promoted to Oberst and later appointed commander of Panzer Brigade Feldherrnhalle . Bäke's unit attacked the U.S. 90th Infantry Division near Aumetz on the night of 7–8 September 1944. Bäke's command found itself poorly deployed and under sustained counter-attack from American infantry. By
1479-682: The Western Front, Bäke earned the Iron Cross 2nd Class in 1916. Bäke was discharged from military service in January 1919. From 1919 to 1921, Bäke served in the Freikorps Epp, a right-wing paramilitary unit named after Franz Ritter von Epp . In parallel, he studied medicine and dentistry and attained degree of Doctor of Medical Dentistry in 1923. On 1 March 1933, Bäke joined the SA ; his final rank within
1530-427: The archaeologist Arkady Nikitin carried out excavations at the site of the first fortress, where the remains of ancient ramparts and ditches were still clearly visible. though the fortress itself was destroyed already in the 1860s during the construction of the railway the eastern part of the chalk mountain, on which the Kremlin was located, was collapsed. The location of the first fortress approximately corresponded to
1581-414: The evening of 8 September, Bäke had lost thirty tanks, sixty half-tracks, and nearly a hundred other vehicles in the lopsided battle. His infantry losses were also heavy, with the unit reporting to OB West that it had only nine armored vehicles and that unit strength was down to 25 per cent of the authorized establishment. On 28 February 1945, Bäke transferred from reserve to active duty. On 10 March he
Bäke - Misplaced Pages Continue
1632-535: The fall of 1650, a wooden fort with 11 towers was attached to the rampart of the Belgorod line, which runs from the fortress town Bolkhovets to the mouth of the Vezelka River in the area of the former brewery. The two parts of the city were connected by the Nikolskaya Passage Tower located in the eastern wall of the Kremlin. The position of the eastern wall of the Kremlin corresponded to the modern street of
1683-532: The first fortress outpost was erected in 1596. The site of the construction of the defensive facility was the top of the Belaya Gora ("White Mountain"). This is the highest point of the right bank of the Seversky Donets channel. On 17 September 1650, voivode Vasily Petrovich Golovin laid the foundation for the third Belgorod Fortress on the left bank of the Vezenitsa River, which flows into the Seversky Donets. In
1734-559: The historical chronicles of the Russian Empire, the city seems to have fallen asleep for a century. The Belgorod province disappeared from the geographical maps, and the city was for a long time a part of the first Kursk Governorate , then the Kursk province, and, finally, the Kursk region. A dragoon regiment had its base in the town until 1917. Ioasaph of Belgorod , an 18th-century bishop of Belgorod and Oboyanska, became widely venerated as
1785-625: The lands in the upper reaches of Seversky Donets were annexed to the Principality of Pereyaslavl . Records first mention the settlement in 1237, when the Mongol-led army of Batu Khan ravaged it during the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus' . It is unclear whether this Belgorod stood on the same site as the current city. In 1596 Tsar Feodor Ioannovich of Russia ordered its re-establishment as one of numerous forts set up to defend Russian southern borders from
1836-406: The location of the modern car market on Byelaya Gora. In the 1780s, during the general survey of the Russian lands, several plans of Belgorod were fulfilled. When drawing up plans, an overlay of the old and new layouts of Kvasov was used. The plans described above give a distorted position of church estates, which were fixed when the city was laid and, as a rule, did not change. The plan, signed by
1887-712: The overthrow of German-backed Skoropadskyi, the Soviet Red Army regained control over the city, which became part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic . From 24 December 1918 to 7 January 1919, the Provisional Workers' and Peasants' Government of Ukraine , then led by General Georgy Pyatakov , was based in Belgorod. The city served as the temporary capital of the Ukrainian People's Republic. From 23 June to 7 December 1919,
1938-406: The rest with wooden and huts. The plan was executed formally without taking into account the buildings that survived the fire, the Kremlin fortress and the terrain. On 28 April 1768, a new plan was developed under the leadership of Andrey Kvasov who was the author of a number of city plans. The plans overlaid the old city center layout and the projected one. It provided for a trading area, which in
1989-525: The successful tank commanders were indeed "bushwahackers", having a battlefield advantage rather than a technical one. Zaloga concludes: "Most of the 'tank aces' of World War II were simply lucky enough to have an invulnerable tank with a powerful gun". (quotations marks in the original). The 1st Army and 19th Army nominated Bäke for the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds for his leadership of 106. Panzer-Brigade. The nomination
2040-509: The title Bäke . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bäke&oldid=861171742 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Franz B%C3%A4ke World War II Franz Bäke (28 February 1898 – 12 December 1978)
2091-432: The titular adviser Salkov, is the most accurate plan of Belgorod in the second half of the 18th century. Belgorod's climate is humid continental ( Köppen climate classification Dfb slightly cooler than Dfa ) featuring moderate precipitation. Winters are rather cold and changeable with frequent warmings followed by rains. Temperatures may occasionally fall below −15 °C (5 °F) for about one week or more. Summer
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2142-719: The trolleybus system. The officially cited reason for the closure was inadequate condition of the overhead contact lines and insufficient funds for its modernization. The length of trolley lines was over 120 km (75 mi). Trolleybus city park consisted of 150 pieces of equipment, mainly Russian-made trolley ZiU-682V, 2 units ZiU-683, operated from 1990, and 3 units ZiU-6205, 30 units "Optima", and one trolley Skoda-VSW -14Tr, which started operation in 1996. The city administration purchased 15 new ZiU-682G trolleybuses in 2002, another 20 new ZiU-682Gs in 2005, 30 Trolza-5275.05 "Optima" trolleybuses in 2011, and 20 new ACSM-420 trolleybuses in 2013. Theaters Museums Festivals Belgorod
2193-458: The west adjoined the fortress Kremlin, and in the east ended with stone benches of the Gostiny dvor in the form of two arcs. The central planning axis was also chosen relative to which the directions of mutually perpendicular streets were formed. Travel notes which were published in 1781 showed the location of a sketch of the ramparts of the lost ancient settlement. Only in the middle of the 1950s,
2244-466: Was "nearly invulnerable in a frontal engagement" against any of the Soviet tanks of that time. A crew operating a Tiger could thus engage its opponents from a safe distance. Zaloga also discusses the "romantic nonsense" of the popular perception of a tank versus tank engagement as an "armoured joust" – two opponents facing each other, – with the "more valiant or better-armed [one] the eventual victor". Most of
2295-522: Was a German officer and tank commander during World War II . He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords of Nazi Germany . In post-war popular culture, Bäke was memorialised in the historical fiction series Panzer Aces by German author Franz Kurowski . Born in 1898, Bäke volunteered for the German Army in May 1915 and was posted to an infantry regiment. Fighting on
2346-496: Was appointed commander of Panzer Division Feldherrnhalle 2 , formally the 13th Panzer Division , and sent to Hungary. Bäke's division fought as part of the Panzer Corps Feldherrnhalle during the retreat through Hungary and Czechoslovakia. On 20 April, Bäke was promoted to Generalmajor and officially given command of the division. On 8 May 1945 he surrendered to American forces. Bäke was interned for two years; he
2397-507: Was built on the high right bank of the Seversky Donets, in the area of the current car market; the Belgorod Kremlin was close to the present-day Belaya Gora restaurant. The legendary White Mountain has not survived, as it was completely torn down for chalk mining in the 1950s. The first Belgorod fortress stood for sixteen years, withstanding several major attacks, both from the Tatars and from
2448-403: Was found; it was not known if the second bomb had come from the same aircraft. On 30 December, a Ukrainian airstrike killed 25 people and wounded over 100. In March 2024, authorities began evacuating 9,000 children from the city and wider region due to shelling and drone attacks. On 6 May, at least six people were killed following a Ukrainian drone strike. On 12 May, 16 people were killed when
2499-624: Was redesignated 6th Panzer Division in October 1939. With this unit, Bäke took part in the Battle of France and Operation Barbarossa . Following the encirclement of the German 6th Army at Stalingrad, the division took part in the abortive attempt to relieve the 6th Army in Operation Winter Storm in December 1942 and then retreated to Kharkiv . In January 1943, Bäke was awarded the Knight's Cross of
2550-490: Was rejected by Heinrich Himmler in his role as commander-in-chief Army Group Oberrhein . Belgorod Belgorod ( Russian : Белгород , pronounced [ˈbʲelɡərət] ; Ukrainian : Бєлгород ) is a city that serves as the administrative center of Belgorod Oblast , Russia , located on the Seversky Donets River , approximately 40 kilometers (25 mi) north of the border with Ukraine . It has
2601-414: Was released in 1947. He returned to Hagen and resumed his dental practice. He died in 1978. Bäke is one of many highly decorated tank commanders popularised by the German author Franz Kurowski in his historical fiction book series Panzer Aces , along with Kurt Knispel and Michael Wittmann . According to historians Ronald Smelser and Edward Davies, Kurowski is a "guru" among those who romanticise
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