The Buyck family (spelling variant: Buijck ) is a noble Belgian family which can trace its origins back to the 14th century.
87-445: Buyck may refer to: Buyck family , a noble Belgian family Buyck, Minnesota , an unincorporated community See also [ edit ] Dwight Buycks (born 1989), American basketball player Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Buyck . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
174-772: A vernacular language is the native language of a specific geographical community, a lingua franca is used beyond the boundaries of its original community, for trade, religious, political, or academic reasons. For example, English is a vernacular in the United Kingdom but it is used as a lingua franca in the Philippines , alongside Filipino . Likewise, Arabic , French , Standard Chinese , Russian and Spanish serve similar purposes as industrial and educational lingua francas across regional and national boundaries. Even though they are used as bridge languages, international auxiliary languages such as Esperanto have not had
261-517: A common language, and spread across the Arab and Muslim worlds. In Djibouti and parts of Eritrea , both of which are countries where multiple official languages are spoken, Arabic has emerged as a lingua franca in part thanks to the population of the region being predominantly Muslim and Arabic playing a crucial role in Islam. In addition, after having fled from Eritrea due to ongoing warfare and gone to some of
348-407: A global lingua franca. Any language regularly used for communication between people who do not share a native language is a lingua franca. Lingua franca is a functional term, independent of any linguistic history or language structure. Pidgins are therefore lingua francas; creoles and arguably mixed languages may similarly be used for communication between language groups. But lingua franca
435-521: A great degree of adoption, so they are not described as lingua francas. The term lingua franca derives from Mediterranean Lingua Franca (also known as Sabir ), the pidgin language that people around the Levant and the eastern Mediterranean Sea used as the main language of commerce and diplomacy from the late Middle Ages to the 18th century, most notably during the Renaissance era . During that period,
522-466: A means of exchanging information between scientists and other scholars of different nationalities. The term is taken from the medieval Mediterranean Lingua Franca , a Romance -based pidgin language used especially by traders in the Mediterranean Basin from the 11th to the 19th centuries. A world language —a language spoken internationally and by many people—is a language that may function as
609-820: A minority language in the Baltic states and some other states in Eastern Europe, as well as in pre- opening China. It remains the official language of the Commonwealth of Independent States . Russian is also one of the six official languages of the United Nations. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union , its use has declined in post-Soviet states. Parts of the Russian speaking minorities outside Russia have emigrated to Russia or assimilated into their countries of residence by learning
696-540: A native language. In medical practices and hospitals, nurses typically communicate with other professionals in English as a lingua franca. This occurrence has led to interest in researching the consequences of the medical community communicating in a lingua franca. English is also sometimes used in Switzerland between people who do not share one of Switzerland's four official languages , or with foreigners who are not fluent in
783-649: A process of change the lingua franca and Portuguese lexicon was replaced with the languages of the people in contact. Portuguese remains an important lingua franca in the Portuguese-speaking African countries , East Timor , and to a certain extent in Macau where it is recognized as an official language alongside Chinese though in practice not commonly spoken. Portuguese and Spanish have a certain degree of mutual intelligibility and mixed languages such as Portuñol are used to facilitate communication in areas like
870-487: A simplified version of mainly Italian in the eastern Mediterranean and Spanish in the western Mediterranean that incorporated many loanwords from Greek , Slavic languages , Arabic , and Turkish came to be widely used as the "lingua franca" of the region, although some scholars claim that the Mediterranean Lingua Franca was just poorly used Italian. In Lingua Franca (the specific language), lingua
957-679: A teacher at the Bruges academy. In 1842, Pierre Buyck succeeded Jean-Augustin Van Caneghem, as he was appointed provincial architect in West Flanders, responsible for the districts of Bruges, Ostend, Veurne and Diksmuide. The 1876-built castle, intended as a countryside family residence, is now classified as architectural heritage in Flanders. It was his son René Buyck [ nl ] that succeeded him in architecture, building numerous projects for
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#17331054714321044-582: A variant spoken in Riau specifically as the basis for " Indonesian " for national use despite Javanese having more native speakers; this standard is the sole official language spoken throughout the vast country despite being the first language of some Indonesians. Swahili developed as a lingua franca between several Bantu -speaking tribal groups on the east coast of Africa with heavy influence from Arabic. The earliest examples of writing in Swahili are from 1711. In
1131-593: A variety of fields and international organizations to communicate with one another. English is the most spoken language in the world, primarily due to the historical global influence of the British Empire and the United States . It is a co-official language of the United Nations and many other international and regional organizations and has also become the de facto language of diplomacy , science , international trade , tourism , aviation , entertainment and
1218-690: A widely studied language in Central Europe and the Balkans, especially in former Yugoslavia . It is recognized as an official language in countries outside of Europe, specifically Namibia . German is also one of the working languages of the EU along English and French, but it is used less in that role than the other two. Today, Standard Mandarin Chinese is the lingua franca of China and Taiwan , which are home to many mutually unintelligible varieties of Chinese and, in
1305-482: Is Joost Sijbrandtszoon Buyck (1505–1588), who served a record seventeen terms as one of the mayors of Amsterdam in the period 1549–1577. He will be sworn in by King Philip II of Spain in 1549. He joined the city counsel at the age of 24 and was recognized as catholic. Records of Amsterdam’s land register show polders attributed to the Buyck family. He was father to three children, Gerbrand, Jacob and Cornelis. It
1392-486: Is a language systematically used to make communication possible between groups of people who do not share a native language or dialect, particularly when it is a third language that is distinct from both of the speakers' native languages. Linguae francae have developed around the world throughout human history, sometimes for commercial reasons (so-called "trade languages" facilitated trade), but also for cultural, religious, diplomatic and administrative convenience, and as
1479-557: Is attested across a wide geography beyond South Asia. Inscriptions and literary evidence suggest that Sanskrit was already being adopted in Southeast Asia and Central Asia in the 1st millennium CE, through monks, religious pilgrims and merchants. Until the early 20th century, Literary Chinese served as both the written lingua franca and the diplomatic language in East Asia, including China, Korea , Japan , Ryūkyū , and Vietnam . In
1566-753: Is composed of the elements " burg " standing for ‘fort castle’ and " hard" as for 'hardy', 'brave' or 'strong’. The Buyck family has a history of political involvement and was first recorded for its role in military and in politics thereafter. Jean (Jan in Flemish ) Buyck was a knight, born in Flanders in the 14th century, and commander of the Flemish fleet. He originated from the County of Flanders (also known as Comté de Flandre in French), also known as "Royal Flanders". For centuries,
1653-477: Is controversial, and which have sometimes been identified with each other. These are: Ajem-Turkic functioned as lingua franca in the Caucasus region and in southeastern Dagestan , and was widely spoken at the court and in the army of Safavid Iran . English is sometimes described as the foremost global lingua franca, being used as a working language by individuals of diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds in
1740-569: Is equally applicable to a non-creole language native to one nation (often a colonial power) learned as a second language and used for communication between diverse language communities in a colony or former colony. Lingua francas are often pre-existing languages with native speakers, but they can also be pidgins or creoles developed for that specific region or context. Pidgins are rapidly developed and simplified combinations of two or more established languages, while creoles are generally viewed as pidgins that have evolved into fully complex languages in
1827-513: Is from the Italian for 'a language'. Franca is related to Greek Φρᾰ́γκοι ( Phránkoi ) and Arabic إِفْرَنْجِي ( ʾifranjiyy ) as well as the equivalent Italian—in all three cases, the literal sense is ' Frankish ', leading to the direct translation: 'language of the Franks '. During the late Byzantine Empire , Franks was a term that applied to all Western Europeans. Through changes of
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#17331054714321914-510: Is in the old French language spelling: « Ainsy Dieu Plaist » (modern spelling: « ainsi dieu plaît »), translating to « as it pleases to God ». The region where the family originated from is formerly part of West Francia . The formal education was furthermore conducted in French, considered the Lingua Franca of the upper class and the higher culture (see Split of
2001-531: Is responsible for Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia. Under his tenure His Excellency established honorary consulates in the cities of Dubrovnik, Opatija and Split. His previous functions as ambassador include his diplomatic posting in Estonia. Nicolaas Buyck first mission was in Kongo-Brazzaville , and was previously posted as ambassador to Tallinn , Estonia in 2008. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe wrote
2088-520: Is the preferred and dominant language used for inter-communication between different ethnic groups of Pakistan. Malay is understood across a cultural region in Southeast Asia called the " Malay world " including Brunei , Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, southern Thailand , and certain parts of the Philippines. It is pluricentric , with several nations codifying a local vernacular variety into several national literary standards: Indonesia notably adopts
2175-511: Is the primary medium of education and serves as the lingua franca among citizens. Even in countries not associated with the English-speaking world , English has emerged as a lingua franca in certain situations where its use is perceived to be more efficient to communicate, especially among groups consisting of native speakers of many languages. In Qatar , the medical community is primarily made up of workers from countries without English as
2262-733: Is used as a lingua franca in Switzerland to some extent; however, English is generally preferred to avoid favoring it over the three other official languages. Middle Low German used to be the Lingua franca during the late Hohenstaufen till the mid-15th century periods, in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea when extensive trading was done by the Hanseatic League along the Baltic and North Seas. German remains
2349-757: The Carpathian Mountains , the Danube and the Black sea , corresponding to Wallachia and Moldavia . Nowadays, the Cyrillic writing system is used for various languages across Eurasia, and as the national script in various Slavic, Turkic , Mongolic , Uralic , Caucasian and Iranic -speaking countries in Southeastern Europe , Eastern Europe, the Caucasus , Central, North, and East Asia. The Mediterranean Lingua Franca
2436-581: The French Caribbean , French is the lingua franca in professional sectors and education, even though it is not the native language of the majority. French continues to be used as a lingua franca in certain cultural fields such as cuisine , fashion , and sport . As a consequence of Brexit , French has been increasingly used as a lingua franca in the European Union and its institutions either alongside or, at times, in place of English. German
2523-502: The Internet . When the United Kingdom became a colonial power, English served as the lingua franca of the colonies of the British Empire . In the post-colonial period, most of the newly independent nations which had many indigenous languages opted to continue using English as one of their official languages such as Ghana and South Africa . In other former colonies with several official languages such as Singapore and Fiji , English
2610-620: The Jacobite Uprising , which eventually met an unsuccessful end at the Battle of Culloden . It was Prince Charles Edward Stuart , the grandson of King James II of England & VII of Scotland which marred pseudonym Jan Hendrik Krijgherman he married Maria Buyck in 1749. The pseudonym was a consequence of his 1748 protest against the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle which had confirmed the British claims of
2697-559: The Silk Road , which is why native speakers of Sogdian were employed as translators in Tang China . The Sogdians also ended up circulating spiritual beliefs and texts, including those of Buddhism and Christianity , thanks to their ability to communicate to many people in the region through their native language. Old Church Slavonic , an Eastern South Slavic language, is the first Slavic literary language . Between 9th and 11th century, it
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2784-658: The Smithsonian American Art Museum . A fire in his studio, in Slingerlands, New York , in 1940 caused many of his works to be lost. Several artworks were commissioned and include the portrait of Franklin D. Roosevelt which went on display in the White House . Other notable portraits include that of Charles Poletti as justice of the New York Supreme Court . The family is known to have bequeathed
2871-793: The 12th century AD. Tamil was used for inscriptions from the 10th through 14th centuries in southern Karnataka districts such as Kolar , Mysore , Mandya and Bangalore . Latin , through the power of the Roman Republic , became the dominant language in Italy and subsequently throughout the realms of the Roman Empire. Even after the Fall of the Western Roman Empire , Latin was the common language of communication, science, and academia in Europe until well into
2958-667: The 1788 theatre play called Egmont . It contained historic characters including the Count of Egmont set in Brussels. The scene is set in Belgium in 1568. Key in the cast are the Duke of Alva and William of Orange , as well as Buyck a Hollander (a native from the former province of Holland ), embodying the military arm as archer and reporting to the Count of Egmont. The opening scene has Buyck, winning
3045-576: The 18th century, when other regional vernaculars (including its own descendants, the Romance languages) supplanted it in common academic and political usage, and it eventually became a dead language in the modern linguistic definition. Classical Māori is the retrospective name for the language (formed out of many dialects, albeit all mutually intelligible) of both the North Island and the South Island for
3132-619: The 800 years before the European settlement of New Zealand . Māori shared a common language that was used for trade, inter- iwi dialogue on marae , and education through wānanga . After the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi , Māori language was the lingua franca of the Colony of New Zealand until English superseded it in the 1870s. The description of Māori language as New Zealand's 19th-century lingua franca has been widely accepted. The language
3219-552: The Belgian marines and is commemorated for falling at sea in saving a vessel in distress. In 1927, a Brussels’ street was named after him in commemoration. In the early modern period, the Buyck family was a wealthy Amsterdam family. Marriages with other prominent traders occurred including families Occo and Heereman van Zuydtwijk. Several of Buyck family members held important positions in Amsterdam 's city council. The most noted member
3306-552: The Belgium architectural landscape, dating back to 18th century. It was Jean-François Buyck (1761–1836), which worked in the United Kingdom of the Netherlands as a supervisor of bridges, roads and watercourses, in the administration of the Rijkswaterstaat . From 1831 until 1841 his son Pierre Buyck [ nl ] was employed by the city of Bruges , under the direction of city architect Jean-Brunon Rudd. He also became
3393-672: The Cairo Garden City Center in Egypt , and in Belgium BMW and Mercedes show-rooms and over 100 private owned estates. He is recognized by his avant-garde style. Lingua franca A lingua franca ( / ˌ l ɪ ŋ ɡ w ə ˈ f r æ ŋ k ə / ; lit. ' Frankish tongue ' ; for plurals see § Usage notes ), also known as a bridge language , common language , trade language , auxiliary language , link language or language of wider communication ( LWC ),
3480-585: The Catholic University of Leuven ). It is therefore not uncommon to thus find heraldic mottoes in French. The origins of the family name are Flemish. They are from a derivative of the ancient Germanic personal name Burghard (see Burkhart) and can compare with the German Buck. It is also found under a Dutch variant, mostly archaic Buijk or Buik. The Germanic Burkhart originates from the medieval personal name Burkhard from ancient Germanic Burghard. This
3567-481: The Flemish authorities. He is recognized for his Neo-gothic and Neo-romantic style. He is known to have designed the largest state administrative building at time in Zeebrugge , built in 1914. Tony Buyck, is a well known architect based in Brussels. He established the recognized firm ARCHI-BURO architects in 1972 after he graduated from Ghent university college St Lukas. As architect he built experience in designing
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3654-506: The House of Hanover. On account of this treaty, Charles was required to leave France. Although he continued to visit there in disguise for the next few years, in May 1752 Charles he formally transferred his residence to Ghent. Whilst he married Maria Buyck, it is believed that Clementina Walkinshaw (born 1720) was the mistress of Prince Charles Edward Stuart. In 1997, by royal decree, the relevance of
3741-430: The Portuguese Empire, Africa, South America and Asia in the 15th and 16th centuries. When the Portuguese started exploring the seas of Africa, America, Asia and Oceania, they tried to communicate with the natives by mixing a Portuguese-influenced version of lingua franca with the local languages. When Dutch, English or French ships came to compete with the Portuguese, the crews tried to learn this "broken Portuguese". Through
3828-411: The Scottish and English crowns. Different descendants have been instated to national orders from the Kingdom of Belgium and knighthood: more specifically to the Order of the Crown , the Order of Leopold , and the Legion of Honour . Contemporary members of the Buyck family can be found active in Belgian diplomacy, business, and remains recognized for real estate development and architecture. To
3915-494: The V.O.C. capital subscription ledger contains the provision that shares in the V.O.C. could be traded, a prerequisite that made it to be the first joint-stock company. At the foot of the page, the entries of director Hendrick Buyck can be seen. The management was organized as such to have six "chambers" ("kamers"), with the closest correspondence being divisions in modern corporate governance terms. Of those governing those chambers all administrators were partaking: they were known as
4002-608: The XVIII Lords ("Heren XVIII"). The voyages of the V.O.C. endured long after the passing of the founders with its charter being renewed several times. A total of 4'721 vessels fared to Asia of which 3'356 returned. The company was nationalized in 1795. In 1688, the Dutch stadtholder , William III , invaded England with a strong army at the invitation of Protestant politicians. He expelled his father-in-law James II, who had become Catholic, in favor of his eldest daughter Mary. In 1745, James' grandson, known as Bonnie Prince Charlie because of his good looks, invaded Scotland. He unleashed
4089-520: The border area between Brazil and Uruguay. The Hindustani language , with Hindi and Urdu as dual standard varieties, serves as the lingua franca of Pakistan and Northern India . Many Hindi-speaking North Indian states have adopted the three-language formula in which students are taught: "(a) Hindi (with Sanskrit as part of the composite course); (b) Any other modern Indian language including Urdu and (c) English or any other modern European language." The order in non-Hindi speaking states is: "(a)
4176-405: The breakup of much of the empire in the Americas, its function as a lingua franca was solidified by the governments of the newly independent nations of what is now Hispanic America . While its usage in Spain's Asia-Pacific colonies has largely died out except in the Philippines , where it is still spoken by a small minority, Spanish became the lingua franca of what is now Equatorial Guinea , being
4263-428: The case of Taiwan, indigenous Formosan languages . Among many Chinese diaspora communities, Cantonese is often used as the lingua franca instead, particularly in Southeast Asia, due to a longer history of immigration and trade networks with southern China, although Mandarin has also been adopted in some circles since the 2000s. Arabic was used as a lingua franca across the Islamic empires, whose sizes necessitated
4350-799: The course of adaptation by subsequent generations. Pre-existing lingua francas such as French are used to facilitate intercommunication in large-scale trade or political matters, while pidgins and creoles often arise out of colonial situations and a specific need for communication between colonists and indigenous peoples. Pre-existing lingua francas are generally widespread, highly developed languages with many native speakers. Conversely, pidgins are very simplified means of communication, containing loose structuring, few grammatical rules, and possessing few or no native speakers. Creole languages are more developed than their ancestral pidgins, utilizing more complex structure, grammar, and vocabulary, as well as having substantial communities of native speakers. Whereas
4437-577: The dexterity challenge in crossbow shooting. He then compares his skillfulness to the abilities of Count Egmont: Ruysum : Daß ich euch sage – Er schießt wie sein Herr, er schießt wie Egmont. Buyck : Gegen ihn bin ich nur ein armer Schlucker. Mit der Büchse trifft er erst, wie keiner in der Welt. Nicht etwa, wenn er Glück oder gute Laune hat ; nein ! Wie er anlegt, immer rein schwarz geschossen. Gelernt habe ich von ihm. Das wäre auch ein Kerl der bei ihm diente und nichts von ihm lernte. Extract from Egmont, by Goethe. Buyck's role in
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#17331054714324524-428: The early 19th century the use of Swahili as a lingua franca moved inland with the Arabic ivory and slave traders. It was eventually adopted by Europeans as well during periods of colonization in the area. German colonizers used it as the language of administration in German East Africa , later becoming Tanganyika , which influenced the choice to use it as a national language in what is now independent Tanzania . Swahili
4611-672: The early 20th century, vernacular written Chinese replaced Classical Chinese within China as both the written and spoken lingua franca for speakers of different Chinese dialects, and because of the declining power and cultural influence of China in East Asia, English has since replaced Classical Chinese as the lingua franca in East Asia. Koine Greek was the lingua franca of the Hellenistic culture. Koine Greek (Modern Greek : Ελληνιστική Κοινή , romanized : Ellinistikí Kiní , lit. 'Common Greek'; Greek: [elinistiˈci ciˈni] ), also known as Alexandrian dialect, common Attic, Hellenistic, or Biblical Greek,
4698-422: The estates around the cities of Ghent, Bruges and Ypres formed one of the most affluent regions in Europe. Jean Buyck was missioned to protect the maritime commerce, in particular from attacks orchestrated by Charles VI, he led the Franco-Flemish fleet. On 25 March 1387, in a battle near the River Thames estuary in the English Channel the captain of the Flemish fleet, Jean Buyck, was taken prisoner. In view of
4785-403: The family by Holy Roman Emperor Archduke Ferdinand I in 1534. The coat of arms is a diamond-shaped shield, bisected blue-grey and red, over a lion from one to the other. The earliest reproduction that is still in storage today is the coat of arms as found on the letter from King Christian of Denmark . Later also on the cover of Elisabeth Buyck’s Album Amicorum . The heraldic family motto
4872-483: The first stock-listed company Hendrick Buyck was born 1551 (buried in Amsterdam, 1613) brother to Joost Buyck, the Amsterdam mayor, and Jacob Buyck, the last pastor of the Oude Kerck, who fought against the Alteration. Hendrick Buyck co-founded the Compagnie van Verre ( long-distance company ) known today as the first and forerunner " companie " that would later establish and unite as the Dutch East India Company (V.O.C. or Verenigde Oost Indische Compagnie ) . He
4959-420: The former being first-listed or only-listed in major dictionaries. The use of lingua francas has existed since antiquity. Akkadian remained the common language of a large part of Western Asia from several earlier empires, until it was supplanted in this role by Aramaic . Sanskrit historically served as a lingua franca throughout the majority of South Asia. The Sanskrit language's historic presence
5046-421: The language of communication between European academics, merchants, and diplomats. With the expansion of Western colonial empires, French became the main language of diplomacy and international relations up until World War II when it was replaced by English due the rise of the United States as the leading superpower . Stanley Meisler of the Los Angeles Times said that the fact that the Treaty of Versailles
5133-454: The lingua franca for most of ancient Tamilakam and Sri Lanka . John Guy states that Tamil was also the lingua franca for early maritime traders from India. The language and its dialects were used widely in the state of Kerala as the major language of administration, literature and common usage until the 12th century AD. Tamil was also used widely in inscriptions found in the southern Andhra Pradesh districts of Chittoor and Nellore until
5220-503: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Buyck&oldid=1211530831 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Buyck family Several members have held or hold roles in politics, business and economics, architecture, as well as in
5307-427: The local language and using it preferably in daily communication. In Central European countries that were members of the Warsaw Pact , where Russian was only a political language used in international communication and where there was no Russian minority, the Russian language practically does not exist, and in schools it was replaced by English as the primary foreign language. Portuguese served as lingua franca in
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#17331054714325394-472: The local language. In the European Union , the use of English as a lingua franca has led researchers to investigate whether a Euro English dialect has emerged. In the fields of technology and science, English emerged as a lingua franca in the 20th century. The Spanish language spread mainly throughout the New World , becoming a lingua franca in the territories and colonies of the Spanish Empire , which also included parts of Africa, Asia, and Oceania. After
5481-403: The main language of government and education and is spoken by the vast majority of the population. Due to large numbers of immigrants from Latin America in the second half of the 20th century and resulting influence, Spanish has also emerged somewhat as a lingua franca in parts of the Southwestern United States and southern Florida , especially in communities where native Spanish speakers form
5568-433: The main royal courts of Europe, and among intellectuals. This lasted from the 14th century to the end of the 16th, when French replaced Italian as the usual lingua franca in northern Europe. Italian musical terms, in particular dynamic and tempo notations, have continued in use to the present day. Classical Quechua is either of two historical forms of Quechua , the exact relationship and degree of closeness between which
5655-565: The major language of the state or region; (b) Hindi; (c) Any other modern Indian language including Urdu but excluding (a) and (b) above; and (d) English or any other modern European language." Hindi has also emerged as a lingua franca in Arunachal Pradesh , a linguistically diverse state in Northeast India. It is estimated that nine-tenths of the state's population knows Hindi. Urdu is the lingua franca of Pakistan and had gained significant influence amongst its people, administration and education. While it shares official status with English, Urdu
5742-434: The majority of the population. At present it is the second most used language in international trade, and the third most used in politics, diplomacy and culture after English and French. It is also one of the most taught foreign languages throughout the world and is also one of the six official languages of the United Nations . French is sometimes regarded as the first global lingua franca, having supplanted Latin as
5829-414: The many indigenous languages spoken in their territory. Notably, in most Francophone West and Central African countries, French has transitioned from being only a lingua franca to the native language among some communities, mostly in urban areas or among the elite class. In other regions such as the French-speaking countries of the Maghreb ( Algeria , Tunisia , Morocco , and Mauritania ) and parts of
5916-460: The military field. Whilst first documented notable position was Jan Buyck, Flanders' first Admiral in 1383, the family was granted a heraldic title in 1521 and is credited with co-founding the world's first publicly listed company. The family has a long history and served close to the monarchies in the region of Flanders and the Low Countries , a region that spans today’s countries of Belgium , Netherlands and Luxembourg , as well as links to
6003-409: The nearby Arab countries, Eritrean emigrants are contributing to Arabic becoming a lingua franca in the region by coming back to their homelands having picked up the Arabic language. Russian is in use and widely understood in Central Asia and the Caucasus , areas formerly part of the Russian Empire and Soviet Union. Its use remains prevalent in many post-Soviet states . Russian has some presence as
6090-419: The particular language) was first recorded in English during the 1670s, although an even earlier example of the use of it in English is attested from 1632, where it is also referred to as "Bastard Spanish". The term is well established in its naturalization to English and so major dictionaries do not italicize it as a "foreign" term. Its plurals in English are lingua francas and linguae francae , with
6177-442: The plot characterized Egmont as a strong and effective military leader and reminds the audience of the count's attitude toward religious tolerance. Later, in 1809 Ludwig van Beethoven composed the accompanying musical performance for the Viennese opera house. In 1974 movie of the play was released. The private library of Jacob Buyck, a theologian from Amsterdam from the 16th century, is considered to be an exceptional collection at
6264-403: The present day the family maintains its institutionalized commitment to philanthropy internationally. In 1521, the Buyck family was granted a title of nobility, knighted, by King Christian of Denmark , according to the laws of heraldry . The King of Arms had the power to assign coats of arms and verify genealogies and noble titles. The knighthood and coat of arms was once again affirmed upon
6351-533: The prestige language of politics, trade, education, diplomacy, and military in early modern Europe and later spreading around the world with the establishment of the French colonial empire . With France emerging as the leading political, economic, and cultural power of Europe in the 16th century, the language was adopted by royal courts throughout the continent, including the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Russia, and as
6438-650: The seaman's gradation in Flanders, Duke Philip the Bold offered the English to exchange him for the natural brother of the King of Portugal who had been taken by the French. But the English, remembering the many damages that this captain had caused them, refused this exchange. This battle took place at the mouth of the Thames where we see the Spanish ships fighting as they had previously done side by side with those of Flanders Robert Buyck served
6525-409: The shift in the meaning of Lingua Franca from a single proper noun to a common noun encompassing a large class of pidgin languages. As recently as the late 20th century, some restricted the use of the generic term to mean only mixed languages that are used as vehicular languages, its original meaning. Douglas Harper's Online Etymology Dictionary states that the term Lingua Franca (as the name of
6612-618: The social and mental world of a conservative, catholic intellectual living in Amsterdam in a turbulent period of Dutch history. Edouard Pierre August Vincent Buyck was a Brugge-born (1888) painter that was active in New York, United States, passing in 1960. Buyck emigrated to the United States during World War I after he was wounded fighting with the Belgium forces. He practiced lithography , oil painting and etching with prominent pieces found in
6699-570: The steelworks' business led to the appointment as counsel for foreign affairs, to the Belgian Vice Prime Minister, Foreign Affairs and Finance Minister. Originally from Eeklo , Belgium, in times gone by, from 1684 and 1717, Louis Angebert Buyck was already mayor of the said city. Nicolaas Buyck is a seasoned diplomat with his first assignment dating back to 1990. He currently serves as Belgian ambassador to Croatia. The Embassy in Zagreb
6786-451: The term in literature, lingua franca has come to be interpreted as a general term for pidgins, creoles, and some or all forms of vehicular languages. This transition in meaning has been attributed to the idea that pidgin languages only became widely known from the 16th century on due to European colonization of continents such as The Americas, Africa, and Asia. During this time, the need for a term to address these pidgin languages arose, hence
6873-501: The time. The library was assembled between 1573 and 1599, and consists of over 1000 books. In 1632, the library was assimilated with the municipal Library of Amsterdam, making it twice as large. Most of the books are still present at the Special Collections Department, mostly in original condition, and there are a few manuscripts of Jacob Buyck himself, including a handwritten catalogue of his library. The content reflects
6960-542: Was initially vital for all European and Chinese migrants in New Zealand to learn, as Māori formed a majority of the population, owned nearly all the country's land and dominated the economy until the 1860s. Discriminatory laws such as the Native Schools Act 1867 contributed to the demise of Māori language as a lingua franca. Sogdian was used to facilitate trade between those who spoke different languages along
7047-517: Was largely based on Italian and Provençal . This language was spoken from the 11th to 19th centuries around the Mediterranean basin, particularly in the European commercial empires of Italian cities ( Genoa , Venice, Florence , Milan, Pisa , Siena ) and in trading ports located throughout the eastern Mediterranean rim. During the Renaissance , standard Italian was spoken as a language of culture in
7134-749: Was originally used at both schools, though the Cyrillic script was developed early on at the Preslav Literary School , where it superseded Glagolitic as the official script in Bulgaria in 893. Old Church Slavonic spread to other South-Eastern, Central, and Eastern European Slavic territories, most notably Croatia , Serbia , Bohemia , Lesser Poland , and principalities of the Kievan Rus' while retaining characteristically South Slavic linguistic features. It spread also to not completely Slavic territories between
7221-469: Was part of a company of nine merchants, who had organized a fleet to Java. All the nine merchants each invested 12'000 guilders: the present value their contribution could buy six canal-side houses in early seventeenth-century Amsterdam. All those that met in the Warmoesstraat (Amsterdam), in May 1594 became "bewinthebbers", the equivalent of "bewindvoerders" or administrators today. The first page of
7308-561: Was the Alteratie that brought the ruling of Joost Buyck over the catholic "vroedschap" (the city-council) to an end. On 26 May 1578, 24 city-council members were forced to leave Amsterdam. The revolt escorted the council to the Damrak , where barges had been prepared to take them out of Amsterdam. They settled in Haarlem or Leiden or quietly returned later on. A successful merchant and co-founder of
7395-614: Was the common supra-regional form of Greek spoken and written during the Hellenistic period , the Roman Empire and the early Byzantine Empire . It evolved from the spread of Greek following the conquests of Alexander the Great in the fourth century BC, and served as the lingua franca of much of the Mediterranean region and the Middle East during the following centuries. Old Tamil was once
7482-496: Was the lingua franca of a great part of the predominantly Slavic states and populations in Southeast and Eastern Europe , in liturgy and church organization, culture, literature, education and diplomacy, as an Official language and National language in the case of Bulgaria . It was the first national and also international Slavic literary language (autonym словѣ́ньскъ ѩꙁꙑ́къ , slověnĭskŭ językŭ ). The Glagolitic alphabet
7569-401: Was written in English as well as French was the "first diplomatic blow" against the language. Nevertheless, it remains the second most used language in international affairs and is one of the six official languages of the United Nations . As a legacy of French and Belgian colonial rule, most former colonies of these countries maintain French as an official language or lingua franca due to
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