124-544: Busbridge is a village in the civil parish of Godalming , in the borough of Waverley in Surrey, England that adjoins the town of Godalming. It forms part of the Waverley ward of Bramley , Busbridge and Hascombe . It was until the Tudor period often recorded as Bushbridge and was a manor and hamlet of Godalming until gaining an ecclesiastical parish in 1865 complemented by
248-513: A London borough . (Since the new county was beforehand a mixture of metropolitan boroughs , municipal boroughs and urban districts, no extant parish councils were abolished.) In 1974, the Local Government Act 1972 retained rural parishes, but abolished most urban parishes, as well as the urban districts and boroughs which had administered them. Provision was made for smaller urban districts and boroughs to become successor parishes , with
372-508: A push-pull system. One or two 4-TC units would be propelled from London to Bournemouth by a 4-REP unit, controlled from the leading cab of the former. At Bournemouth, one or both of the 4-TCs would continue over the non-electric line to Weymouth , hauled by a Class 33/1 diesel locomotive. Trains from Weymouth would follow the same procedure in reverse. Electrification of the South West Main Line between Bournemouth and Weymouth
496-493: A viaduct of 290 arches , which followed a sinuous path to avoid encroaching on Vauxhall Gardens , the local gas works, and Lambeth Palace . The new terminus, designed by Tite and with four platforms, was initially known by a variety of names including York Road, Waterloo Bridge and Waterloo. On the day that Waterloo was opened, the Nine Elms terminus closed to passengers and was replaced by Vauxhall station. In February 1844,
620-515: A Special Expense, to residents of the unparished area to fund those activities. If the district council does not opt to make a Special Expenses charge, there is an element of double taxation of residents of parished areas, because services provided to residents of the unparished area are funded by council tax paid by residents of the whole district, rather than only by residents of the unparished area. Parish councils comprise volunteer councillors who are elected to serve for four years. Decisions of
744-576: A boundary coterminous with an existing urban district or borough or, if divided by a new district boundary, as much as was comprised in a single district. There were 300 such successor parishes established. In urban areas that were considered too large to be single parishes, the parishes were simply abolished, and they became unparished areas . The distinction between types of parish was no longer made; whether parishes continued by virtue of being retained rural parishes or were created as successor parishes, they were all simply termed parishes. The 1972 act allowed
868-472: A city council (though most cities are not parishes but principal areas, or in England specifically metropolitan boroughs or non-metropolitan districts ). The chairman of a town council will have the title "town mayor" and that of a parish council which is a city will usually have the title of mayor . When a city or town has been abolished as a borough, and it is considered desirable to maintain continuity of
992-456: A city council. According to the Department for Communities and Local Government , in England in 2011 there were 9,946 parishes. Since 1997 around 100 new civil parishes have been created, in some cases by splitting existing civil parishes, but mostly by creating new ones from unparished areas. Parish or town councils have very few statutory duties (things they are required to do by law) but have
1116-548: A city was Hereford , whose city council was merged in 1998 to form a unitary Herefordshire . The area of the city of Hereford remained unparished until 2000 when a parish council was created for the city. As another example, the charter trustees for the City of Bath make up the majority of the councillors on Bath and North East Somerset Council. Civil parishes cover 35% of England's population, with one in Greater London and few in
1240-440: A civil parish is usually an elected parish council (which can decide to call itself a town, village, community or neighbourhood council, or a city council if the parish has city status). Alternatively, in parishes with small populations (typically fewer than 150 electors) governance may be by a parish meeting which all electors may attend; alternatively, parishes with small populations may be grouped with one or more neighbours under
1364-481: A civil parish which has no parish council, the parish meeting may levy a council tax precept for expenditure relating to specific functions, powers and rights which have been conferred on it by legislation. In places where there is no civil parish ( unparished areas ), the administration of the activities normally undertaken by the parish becomes the responsibility of the district or borough council. The district council may make an additional council tax charge, known as
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#17328554050491488-568: A common parish council. Wales was also divided into civil parishes until 1974, when they were replaced by communities , which are similar to English parishes in the way they operate. Civil parishes in Scotland were abolished for local government purposes by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1929 ; the Scottish equivalent of English civil parishes are the community council areas established by
1612-458: A cost of £800,000–£900,000. A formal ceremony to mark the start of construction took place at Shapley Heath, near Winchfield , on 6 October 1834, and the contracts for the earthworks and bridges had been let by the end of that month. Giles's strategy was to use numerous small-scale, local contractors, with work taking place simultaneously on multiple sites along the route. By February 1836, just under 10 mi (16 km) had been finished, with
1736-496: A fifth track to the four-track stretch of line between Clapham Junction and Surbiton. This was found to be feasible within the existing land (rail corridor), and was seen as the most practicable way of providing more capacity on the route. It would permit up to eight additional trains to run in the peak hour, for a maximum of 32 trains in this stretch. The scheme would also entail more flexible track use, modifying one Windsor Line track to permit use by mainline trains. Options rejected in
1860-423: A further 12 mi (19 km) completed by the end of August 1936. Shareholder dissatisfaction with progress led to Giles's resignation on 13 January 1837 and his replacement by Joseph Locke . Locke assessed the progress of the construction works and estimated that around £1.7 million (£200 million in 2023) would be required to complete the line. He dismissed many of the smaller contractors, awarding much of
1984-505: A group of Dorset businessmen, led by Charles Castleman , a solicitor from Wimbourne , proposed a railway line linking Southampton to Dorchester. Surveyed by William Moorsom , the Southampton and Dorchester Railway (S&DR) was to take an indirect route to serve as many towns as possible, and its sinuous nature gave rise to the nickname "Castleman's Corkscrew". In particular the line would run via Ringwood , bypassing Bournemouth, which
2108-465: A loan compares to the regional average of 32.5%. The remaining % is made up of rented dwellings (plus a negligible % of households living rent-free). The nearest stations are Godalming and Milford on the Portsmouth Direct Line . These are approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) from the western side of the village. The area is served by three mid-distance local roads converging on
2232-517: A new code. In either case the code must comply with the Nolan Principles of Public Life . A parish can be granted city status by the Crown . As of 2020 , eight parishes in England have city status, each having a long-established Anglican cathedral: Chichester , Ely , Hereford , Lichfield , Ripon , Salisbury , Truro and Wells . The council of an ungrouped parish may pass a resolution giving
2356-504: A new house in the early 20th century Edwardian style . The Church of St. John the Baptist , designed by George Gilbert Scott , was built in a 13th-century style of Bargate stone with chalky limestone quoins, a central tower and windows. It was consecrated on completion in 1867. It technically lies just over the civil parish boundary in the borders of Crownpits/Holloway Hill in Godalming. It
2480-431: A new smaller manor, there was a means of making a chapel which, if generating or endowed with enough funds, would generally justify foundation of a parish, with its own parish priest (and in latter centuries vestry ). This consistency was a result of canon law which prized the status quo in issues between local churches and so made boundary changes and sub-division difficult. The consistency of these boundaries until
2604-517: A new station at Waterloo Bridge was authorised. Three years later, the company acquired the Richmond and West End Railway, which had been authorised to build its own tracks alongside the London–Southampton line between Clapham Junction and Waterloo. Construction of the line north of Nine Elms, known initially as the "Metropolitan extension", began on 11 July 1848. The four-track line was carried on
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#17328554050492728-480: A pair of "slow" tracks to the east with the two "fast" tracks on the western side. This arrangement continues to north of Wimbledon where a flyover transfers the northbound slow line across the fast lines, leaving the inner tracks being used for the fast services and the stopping services using the outer tracks. This arrangement continues to Worting Junction , just after Basingstoke . Many stations on this section had island platforms which have since been removed - this
2852-780: A parish (a "detached part") was in a different county . In other cases, counties surrounded a whole parish meaning it was in an unconnected, "alien" county. These anomalies resulted in a highly localised difference in applicable representatives on the national level , justices of the peace , sheriffs, bailiffs with inconvenience to the inhabitants. If a parish was split then churchwardens, highway wardens and constables would also spend more time or money travelling large distances. Some parishes straddled two or more counties, such as Todmorden in Lancashire and Yorkshire. South West Main Line The South West Main Line (SWML)
2976-416: A parish council, and instead will only have a parish meeting : an example of direct democracy . Alternatively several small parishes can be grouped together and share a common parish council, or even a common parish meeting. A parish council may decide to call itself a town council, village council, community council, neighbourhood council, or if the parish has city status, the parish council may call itself
3100-503: A population of between 100 and 300 could request their county council to establish a parish council. Provision was also made for a grouped parish council to be established covering two or more rural parishes. In such groups, each parish retained its own parish meeting which could vote to leave the group, but otherwise the grouped parish council acted across the combined area of the parishes included. Urban civil parishes were not given their own parish councils, but were directly administered by
3224-484: A push-pull modification of 33/0. The Class 12 shunters were air brake fitted and intended as depot shunters and station pilots. The de-icing units were formed of three pairs of 2-Hal and 4-Lav EMU motor coaches coupled back to back and adapted for electro-pneumatic brakes. In later days, there were several changes to allocations and formations. From then until 1988, trains on the Bournemouth to Weymouth section operated
3348-499: A railway station on the Portsmouth Direct Line which runs from London, diverging from the SWML at Woking, and bordered on the far side by the A3 . Two occupation groups employed approximately half of the workforce at the 2011 census, namely: managers, directors and senior officials (78 workers) and professional occupations (81 workers). Busbridge Tennis Association is a community initiative which
3472-1079: A range of discretionary powers which they may exercise voluntarily. These powers have been defined by various pieces of legislation. The role they play can vary significantly depending on the size, resources and ability of the council, but their activities can include any of the following: Parish councils have powers to provide and manage various local facilities; these can include allotments , cemeteries, parks, playgrounds, playing fields and village greens , village halls or community centres , bus shelters, street lighting, roadside verges, car parks, footpaths, litter bins and war memorials. Larger parish councils may also be involved in running markets , public toilets and public clocks, museums and leisure centres . Parish councils may spend money on various things they deem to be beneficial to their communities, such as providing grants to local community groups or local projects, or fund things such as public events, crime prevention measures, community transport schemes, traffic calming or tourism promotion. Parish councils have
3596-409: A role in the planning system; they have a statutory right to be consulted on any planning applications in their areas. They may also produce a neighbourhood plan to influence local development. The Localism Act 2011 allowed eligible parish councils to be granted a " general power of competence " which allows them within certain limits the freedom to do anything an individual can do provided it
3720-627: A section of South West Main Line to access Southampton. In more detail, London Waterloo – Weymouth services run on the whole length of South West Main Line, and other intercity services which run on a significant portion of the line include: Other services from London Waterloo also run on a section of South West Main Line, except those using the Waterloo–Reading line in the direction of Richmond . In July 2011, Network Rail in its London & South East Route Utilisation Strategy (RUS) recommended adding
3844-523: A secular, civil parish in 1933. Gertrude Jekyll lived at Munstead Wood in the Munstead Heath locality of the village. Philip Carteret Webb and Chauncy Hare Townshend , the government lawyer/antiquarian and poet respectively owned its main estate, Busbridge House, the Busbridge Lakes element of which is a private landscape garden and woodland that hosts a wide range of waterfowl. On 1 April 2024
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3968-589: A set number of guardians for each parish, hence a final purpose of urban civil parishes. With the abolition of the Poor Law system in 1930, urban parishes became a geographical division only with no administrative power; that was exercised at the urban district or borough council level. In 1965 civil parishes in London were formally abolished when Greater London was created, as the legislative framework for Greater London did not make provision for any local government body below
4092-938: A small village or town ward to a large tract of mostly uninhabited moorland in the Cheviots, Pennines or Dartmoor. The two largest as at December 2023 are Stanhope (County Durham) at 98.6 square miles (255 km ), and Dartmoor Forest (Devon) at 79.07 square miles (204.8 km ). The two smallest are parcels of shared rural land: Lands Common to Axminster and Kilmington (Devon) at 0.012 square miles (0.031 km ; 3.1 ha; 7.7 acres), and Lands Common to Brancepeth and Brandon and Byshottles (County Durham) at 0.0165 square miles (0.043 km ; 4.3 ha; 10.6 acres). The next two smallest are parishes in built up areas: Chester Castle (Cheshire) at 0.0168 square miles (0.044 km ; 4.4 ha; 10.8 acres) (no recorded population) and Hamilton Lea (Leicestershire) at 0.07 square miles (0.18 km ; 18 ha; 45 acres) (1,021 residents at
4216-514: A spur to the creation of new parishes in some larger towns which were previously unparished, in order to retain a local tier of government; examples include Shrewsbury (2009), Salisbury (2009), Crewe (2013) and Weymouth (2019). In 2003 seven new parish councils were set up for Burton upon Trent , and in 2001 the Milton Keynes urban area became entirely parished, with ten new parishes being created. Parishes can also be abolished where there
4340-450: A station at Farnborough, opened on 24 September 1838. On 14 June 1839, the London and Southampton Railway adopted the new name of the London and South Western Railway (LSWR). Four days earlier, the first trains had run from Winchester to a temporary terminus north of Southampton at Northern Road (now Northam). The extension from Shapley Heath to Basingstoke also opened on 10 June 1839, and
4464-610: A statue of the Virgin Mary . The convent is north of the stream and so, although associated with Tuesley Court, was a later addition and is not part of the hamlet or village, instead being still part of Godalming. Tuesley Manor is a Grade II listed building, with parts dating back to the 15th century. Previously owned by Salisbury Cathedral, it was sold off by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners in 1846. It became home to Bronwen Pugh , Lady Astor, in 1966. As of July 2023, it
4588-461: Is Grade II* listed ; Busbridge gained an ecclesiastical parish in 1865 complemented by a secular, civil parish in 1933. The village's economy is bound closely to Godalming as the two settlements are contiguous , that is, the part of Busbridge where most of its residents live as it forms a scattered settlement, rather than a nucleated village . The latter large town is formed of six surrounding suburban villages, together with an urban centre with
4712-409: Is a 143-mile (230 km) major railway line between Waterloo station in central London and Weymouth on the south coast of England. A predominantly passenger line, it serves many commuter areas including south western suburbs of London and the conurbations based on Southampton and Bournemouth . It runs through the counties of Surrey , Hampshire and Dorset . It forms the core of the network built by
4836-439: Is a territorial designation which is the lowest tier of local government. Civil parishes can trace their origin to the ancient system of parishes , which for centuries were the principal unit of secular and religious administration in most of England and Wales. Civil and religious parishes were formally split into two types in the 19th century and are now entirely separate. Civil parishes in their modern form came into being through
4960-508: Is a triangular woodland dotted with homes, is the Edwin Lutyens -built house (finished in 1897) of Gertrude Jekyll, one of the most important figures in gardening worldwide in the 19th and 20th centuries – this is Grade I listed. Busbridge Lakes is a grade II* heritage 16 hectares (40 acres) site or landscape (in the parks and garden special category) listed for its manmade follies, grottos, clear lakes and wide range of trees and extends into
5084-672: Is also the junction for the Fareham line . The line returns to double track until St Denys where the West Coastway Line trails in. At Northam the original route to Southampton Terminus carries on south towards Eastern Docks and the main route curves west to enter a tunnel through to Southampton Central station. The line remains double-tracked most of the way to Weymouth , but there is a single-track section between Moreton and Dorchester South which constrains capacity. The Surrey section, about half of which has become Greater London ,
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5208-507: Is at present the only part of England where civil parishes cannot be created. If enough electors in the area of a proposed new parish (ranging from 50% in an area with less than 500 electors to 10% in one with more than 2,500) sign a petition demanding its creation, then the local district council or unitary authority must consider the proposal. Since the beginning of the 21st century, numerous parish councils have been created, including some relatively large urban ones. The main driver has been
5332-539: Is evidence that this is in response to "justified, clear and sustained local support" from the area's inhabitants. Examples are Birtley , which was abolished in 2006, and Southsea , abolished in 2010. Every civil parish has a parish meeting, which all the electors of the parish are entitled to attend. Generally a meeting is held once a year. A civil parish may have a parish council which exercises various local responsibilities prescribed by statute. Parishes with fewer than 200 electors are usually deemed too small to have
5456-499: Is evident with wide gaps between station platforms at stations such as Winchfield . The island platforms survive at New Malden , Esher and Walton-on-Thames , although mothballed and out of use. The line continues as double-track to Winchester but expands to three tracks through Shawford station with one up platform and fast and slow down platforms. There are four tracks from Shawford to Eastleigh . The line from Romsey via Chandler's Ford trails in just north of Eastleigh which
5580-405: Is not prohibited by other legislation, as opposed to being limited to the powers explicitly granted to them by law. To be eligible for this, a parish council must meet certain conditions such as having a clerk with suitable qualifications. Parish councils receive funding by levying a " precept " on the council tax paid by the residents of the parish (or parishes) served by the parish council. In
5704-427: Is on the market for £4.7M. A small linear settlement on a minor crossroad, Hydestile includes Busbridge Court Farm which strengthens its partial connection with the village, other than the ancient boundaries still used for the civil and ecclesiastical parish running to the crossroads. Hydon Hill, a Leonard Cheshire Disability hospice/retreat is in this part of Busbridge. The main feature of Munstead Heath, which
5828-463: Is open to the public on selected days, on private booking, open for schools, clubs and private parties. The village churchyard contains several significant memorials by Lutyens, including the Busbridge War Memorial , a Grade II* listed structure, unveiled in 1922, one of fifteen of his War Crosses, which share a similar design. The names of the village's war dead are listed on a plaque inside
5952-699: Is the Germanic Old English for a forest, where trees were cut and a temple to the god created. Sometime in the 7th century, the temple was consecrated by Christians and a small chapel was erected. Tuesley appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as Tiwesle , a subsidiary manor of Godalming that rendered £2 to its overlord. It was held by Rannulf Flambard from (under) William the Conqueror and its recordable assets were: 1 hide and 1 plough and it had 8 households; one villager, I slave and 6 cottagers. In 1220
6076-504: The 'Standards Board regime' with local monitoring by district, unitary or equivalent authorities. Under new regulations which came into effect in 2012 all parish councils in England are required to adopt a code of conduct with which parish councillors must comply, and to promote and maintain high standards. A new criminal offence of failing to comply with statutory requirements was introduced. More than one 'model code' has been published, and councils are free to modify an existing code or adopt
6200-486: The Basingstoke Canal , examined potential routes via Guildford and Farnham . However, his favoured alignment, via Basingstoke, was chosen to facilitate a future western branch to Bath and Bristol . His detailed survey was published on 5 December 1833 and the construction of the line from London to Southampton was approved in the London and South Western Railway Act 1834 on 25 July the following year. Under
6324-742: The Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 , which have fewer powers than their English and Welsh counterparts. There are no equivalent units in Northern Ireland . The parish system in Europe was established between the 8th and 12th centuries, and an early form was long established in England by the time of the Norman Conquest . These areas were originally based on the territory of manors , which, in some cases, derived their bounds from Roman or Iron Age estates; some large manors were sub-divided into several parishes. Initially, churches and their priests were
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#17328554050496448-1010: The Local Government Act 1894 ( 56 & 57 Vict. c. 73) to become the smallest geographical area for local government in rural areas. The act abolished the civil (non-ecclesiastical) duties of vestries . Parishes which straddled county boundaries or sanitary districts had to be split so that the part in each urban or rural sanitary district became a separate parish (see List of county exclaves in England and Wales 1844–1974 ). The sanitary districts were then reconstituted as urban districts and rural districts , with parishes that fell within urban districts classed as urban parishes, and parishes that fell within rural districts were classed as rural parishes. The 1894 act established elected civil parish councils as to all rural parishes with more than 300 electors, and established annual parish meetings in all rural parishes. Civil parishes were grouped to form either rural or urban districts which are thereafter classified as either type. The parish meetings for parishes with
6572-411: The Local Government Act 1894 ( 56 & 57 Vict. c. 73), which established elected parish councils to take on the secular functions of the parish vestry . A civil parish can range in size from a sparsely populated rural area with fewer than a hundred inhabitants, to a large town with a population in excess of 100,000 . This scope is similar to that of municipalities in continental Europe, such as
6696-410: The London and South Western Railway , today mostly operated by South Western Railway . Operating speeds on much of the line are relatively high, with large stretches cleared for up to 100 mph (160 km/h) running. The line has four tracks for most of the length between Waterloo and Worting Junction near Basingstoke , from which point most of the line is double track . A couple of miles from
6820-472: The break with Rome , parishes managed ecclesiastical matters, while the manor was the principal unit of local administration and justice. Later, the church replaced the manor court as the rural administrative centre, and levied a local tax on produce known as a tithe . In the medieval period, responsibilities such as relief of the poor passed increasingly from the lord of the manor to the parish's rector , who in practice would delegate tasks among his vestry or
6944-687: The communes of France . However, unlike their continental European counterparts, parish councils are not principal authorities , and in most cases have a relatively minor role in local government. As of September 2023 , there are 10,464 parishes in England, and in 2020 they covered approximately 40% of the English population. For historical reasons, civil parishes predominantly cover rural areas and smaller urban areas, with most larger urban areas being wholly or partly unparished ; but since 1997 it has been possible for civil parishes to be created within unparished areas if demanded by local residents . In 2007
7068-463: The (often well-endowed) monasteries. After the dissolution of the monasteries , the power to levy a rate to fund relief of the poor was conferred on the parish authorities by the Poor Relief Act 1601 . Both before and after this optional social change, local (vestry-administered) charities are well-documented. The parish authorities were known as vestries and consisted of all the ratepayers of
7192-555: The 108 mi (174 km) between the capital and Bournemouth. Portion working was instituted, allowing trains to split at Brockenhurst, with the front sections running as express services to Weymouth and the rear sections operating as local stopping trains to Bournemouth. The Holes Bay Curve, authorised by the South Western Railway Act 1890 , was constructed by Lucas and Aird and opened on 1 June 1893. The new link allowed London-Weymouth trains to bypass Ringwood, taking
7316-435: The 1950s, which caused the population 'to decline' from 1,458 in 1951, to 1,039 in 1961 in line with the area lost to the adjoining town. The average level of accommodation in the region composed of detached houses was 28%, the average that was apartments was 22.6%. The proportion of households in the civil parish who owned their home outright compares to the regional average of 35.1%. The proportion who owned their home with
7440-564: The 19th century is useful to historians, and is also of cultural significance in terms of shaping local identities; reinforced by the use of grouped parish boundaries, often, by successive local authority areas; and in a very rough, operations-geared way by most postcode districts. There was (and is) wide disparity in parish size. Writtle , Essex traditionally measures 13,568 acres (21 sq mi) – two parishes neighbouring are Shellow Bowells at 469 acres (0.7 sq mi), and Chignall Smealy at 476 acres (0.7 sq mi) Until
7564-427: The 2001 census to calculate population density, the parish covered 992 hectares (2,450 acres) – most of the centre and south-east of the parish is forested. This sparsely populated bulk of the parish has a minority of farmland but is otherwise part of the remaining area of The Weald , forming much of the green buffers between settlements in the south of the county. A small triangular park, Munstead Wood extends from
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#17328554050497688-584: The 2011 census, Newland with Woodhouse Moor and Beaumont Chase reported inhabitants, and there were no new deserted parishes recorded. Nearly all instances of detached parts of civil parishes (areas not contiguous with the main part of the parish) and of those straddling counties have been ended. 14 examples remain in England as at 2022, including Barnby Moor and Wallingwells , both in Nottinghamshire. Direct predecessors of civil parishes are most often known as "ancient parishes", although many date only from
7812-505: The 2021 census). The 2001 census recorded several parishes with no inhabitants. These were Chester Castle (in the middle of Chester city centre), Newland with Woodhouse Moor , Beaumont Chase , Martinsthorpe , Meering , Stanground North (subsequently abolished), Sturston , Tottington , and Tyneham (subsequently merged). The lands of the last three were taken over by the Armed Forces during World War II and remain deserted. In
7936-608: The GWR in 1850, was laid with dual-gauge track between Dorchester and Weymouth to allow both companies' trains to operate. The first trains ran over the new line on 20 January 1857, although trains to and from Weymouth could not call at the LSWR's Dorchester station without reversal. The section of the South West Main Line between Christchurch and Bournemouth was built as part of the Ringwood, Christchurch and Bournemouth Railway. The company had opened
8060-457: The LSWR in July 1871. The extension to Bournemouth West , including an intermediate station at Parkstone, opened on 15 June 1874. By 1881, the population of Bournemouth had reached 17,000. The town was served by two stations, neither of which was in the town centre. The LSWR proposed a new station, adjacent to the town hall , on a new railway between the two existing facilities. Local opposition to
8184-589: The LSWR proposed a rival scheme, the Salisbury & Dorsetshire Railway, which would have paralleled much of Castleman's line. Both proposals were considered by the Board of Trade , which favoured the S&;DR, but which also indicated that the route should be standard gauge. The LSWR agreed to lease Castleman's line for an annual sum of £20,000 (equivalent to £2.5 million in 2023). The Southampton and Dorchester Railway Act 1845
8308-578: The National Trust since after the Second World War. Tuesley is a hamlet of the village 300 m (980 ft) west of the main settled corner of Busbridge, used for strategic meetings under the formative manor system developed by them. It is named for the Anglo-Saxon war-god Tīw and literally translates as his clearing ( Tīwes lēah ). This affirms the area as within the remnant Weald which
8432-665: The South West Main Line at Woking, opened on 5 May 1845 and was extended to Godalming on 15 October 1849. The line to Richmond was opened on 27 July 1846 and was extended to Windsor on 1 December 1849. The branch to Chertsey opened in February 1848 and the branch to Hampton Court opened in February 1949. On 13 November 1854, the London Necropolis Company opened a short branch west of Woking , allowing funeral trains from its London terminus to reach Brookwood Cemetery . Further branches serving Surrey were opened over
8556-609: The Waterloo terminus, the line runs briefly alongside the Brighton Main Line west branch out of London Victoria , including through Clapham Junction – the busiest station in Europe by railway traffic. The oldest part of the line, in the London Borough of Lambeth , was used from 1994 to 2007 by Eurostar trains running out of Waterloo International . The first written proposal for a railway line linking London and Southampton
8680-562: The Weald , a remnant forest stretching into Sussex and West Kent . Upper Eashing or High tithing in the 13th century Hundred Rolls formed early Busbridge, as the name Busbridge began to be used after de Bushbridge, the medieval family who came to own the manor by the 15th century. They came from Kent and are first recorded here in 1384 as 'Burssabrugge' or 'Burrshebrugge'. James de Bushbridge sold Bushbridge or Busbridge to John Eliot of Godalming under Henry VIII . His son William, born 1587,
8804-724: The administration of the poor laws was the main civil function of parishes, the Poor Law Amendment Act 1866 , which received royal assent on 10 August 1866, declared all areas that levied a separate rate or had their own overseer of the poor to be parishes. This included the Church of England parishes (until then simply known as "parishes"), extra-parochial areas , townships and chapelries . To have collected rates this means these beforehand had their own vestries, boards or equivalent bodies. Parishes using this definition subsequently became known as "civil parishes" to distinguish them from
8928-399: The charter, the charter may be transferred to a parish council for its area. Where there is no such parish council, the district council may appoint charter trustees to whom the charter and the arms of the former borough will belong. The charter trustees (who consist of the councillor or councillors for the area of the former borough) maintain traditions such as mayoralty . An example of such
9052-517: The church. He also designed memorials to Julia Jekyll (Gertrude's mother), Francis McLaren , and a joint memorial to Sir Herbert Jekyll (Gertrude's brother) and his wife Dame Agnes Jekyll , and to Gertrude herself. At the United Kingdom Census 2011 the population stood at 21 higher than ten years earlier, living in 267 households. Population figures from older censuses are inaccurate for direct comparisons, due to parish boundary changes in
9176-446: The construction of a cut-off line between Brockenhurst and Christchurch, which would reduce the distance between the two by around 7 + 3 ⁄ 4 mi (12.5 km) compared to the existing route via Ringwood. The works included a new Christchurch station and the doubling of the single line between Christchurch and Bournemouth East, both completed on 30 May 1886. Progress on the 10 mi 38 ch (16.9 km) cut-off line
9300-529: The council are carried out by a paid officer, typically known as a parish clerk. Councils may employ additional people (including bodies corporate, provided where necessary, by tender) to carry out specific tasks dictated by the council. Some councils have chosen to pay their elected members an allowance, as permitted under part 5 of the Local Authorities (Members' Allowances) (England) Regulations 2003. The number of councillors varies roughly in proportion to
9424-464: The council of the urban district or borough in which they were contained. Many urban parishes were coterminous (geographically identical) with the urban district or municipal borough in which they lay. Towns which included multiple urban parishes often consolidated the urban parishes into one. The urban parishes continued to be used as an electoral area for electing guardians to the poor law unions . The unions took in areas in multiple parishes and had
9548-466: The council will an election be held. However, sometimes there are fewer candidates than seats. When this happens, the vacant seats have to be filled by co-option by the council. If a vacancy arises for a seat mid-term, an election is only held if a certain number (usually ten) of parish residents request an election. Otherwise the council will co-opt someone to be the replacement councillor. The Localism Act 2011 introduced new arrangements which replaced
9672-453: The creation of town and parish councils is encouraged in unparished areas . The Local Government and Rating Act 1997 created a procedure which gave residents in unparished areas the right to demand that a new parish and parish council be created. This right was extended to London boroughs by the Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Act 2007 – with this, the City of London
9796-463: The desire to have a more local tier of government when new larger authorities have been created, which are felt to be remote from local concerns and identity. A number of parishes have been created in places which used to have their own borough or district council; examples include Daventry (2003), Folkestone (2004), Kidderminster (2015) and Sutton Coldfield (2016). The trend towards the creation of geographically large unitary authorities has been
9920-439: The ecclesiastical parishes. The Church of England parishes, which cover more than 99% of England, have become officially (and to avoid ambiguity) termed ecclesiastical parishes . The limits of many of these have diverged; most greatly through changes in population and church attendance (these factors can cause churches to be opened or closed). Since 1921, each has been the responsibility of its own parochial church council . In
10044-521: The established English Church, which for a few years after Henry VIII alternated between the Roman Catholic Church and the Church of England , before settling on the latter on the accession of Elizabeth I in 1558. By the 18th century, religious membership was becoming more fractured in some places, due in part to the progress of Methodism . The legitimacy of the parish vestry came into question, and
10168-457: The fastest services taking 5 + 3 ⁄ 4 hours. The LSWR was authorised to acquire the S&DR in the London and South Western and Southampton and Dorchester Railways Amalgamation Act , passed on 22 July 1848. The Southampton and Dorchester Railway Act 1845 gave the LSWR running rights over the southern section of the Wilts, Somerset and Weymouth Railway . The line, which was taken over by
10292-477: The first part of its line, between Ringwood and Christchurch, on 13 November 1862, but passenger numbers were low. The proposal to continue the line to the growing seaside resort of Bournemouth was authorised by the Ringwood, Christchurch and Bournemouth Railway Act 1863 . Work on the 3 mi 52 ch (5.9 km) extension began in late 1865, and the single line opened 14 March 1870. Until December 1872, Poole
10416-417: The first public trains between Blechynden (close to the site of the present Southampton Central station) and Dorchester ran on 1 June 1847. The link to the LSWR opened on 29 July that year, allowing through running of trains between London and Dorset, albeit with a reversal at the Southampton terminus station. The initial timetable was five trains per day in each direction between Nine Elms and Dorchester, with
10540-487: The four spare trailer coaches were two RU, one BFK and one DTSO. It was planned originally that a 3-car single-ended push-pull trailer set formed DTC+BFK+RU would work with a Class 74 to cover 4-Rep heavy maintenance, but this formation never operated and was replaced by the 8-Vab unit 8001; the three cars remained as spares. The other RU was deployed on special trains with TC units when needed. Class 74 were heavy rebuilds of Class 71 electric locomotives ; Class 33/1 were
10664-638: The gift and continued patronage (benefaction) of the lord of the manor , but not all were willing and able to provide, so residents would be expected to attend the church of the nearest manor with a church. Later, the churches and priests became to a greater extent the responsibility of the Catholic Church thus this was formalised; the grouping of manors into one parish was recorded, as was a manor-parish existing in its own right. Boundaries changed little, and for centuries after 1180 'froze', despite changes to manors' extents. However, by subinfeudation , making
10788-455: The government at the time of the Local Government Act 1972 discouraged their creation for large towns or their suburbs, but there is generally nothing to stop their establishment. For example, Birmingham has two parishes ( New Frankley and Sutton Coldfield ), Oxford has four, and the Milton Keynes urban area has 24. Parishes could not however be established in London until the law was changed in 2007. A civil parish can range in area from
10912-406: The heath a small way into one of Godalming's outer six suburban localities, Holloway Hill. This is grade II* listed in the 'park and gardens' category, containing Gertrude Jekyll 's landscaped woodland home (see landmarks below). North Munstead is a hamlet sometimes marked on most detailed maps toward Hascombe . Its most notable location in the area is Winkworth Arboretum owned and maintained by
11036-500: The house passed through many owners. Among these was Philip Carteret Webb , FRS , born 1702, M.P. for Haslemere 1754–67 and solicitor to the Treasury 1756–65. He was a distinguished lawyer, antiquary, and collector. He died at Busbridge in 1770. The poet, Chauncy Hare Townshend , was born at the house in 1798, his father having bought it two years earlier. By 1911 a Mr. P. Graham owned the house, having replaced it between 1906 and 1911 with
11160-496: The informal area of Ladywell, Tuesley, part of which is publicly accessible at no charge, such as the smallest lake, Lady Well, and the modern dry-stone walling above an Anglo-Saxon pagan shrine to the god Týr or Tiw , see above . This consists of 3 lakes, nature trails and a wooded hillside containing a largest collection of wild waterfowl. The owners state the site has 130 species of swans, geese and ducks, many endangered, rare pheasants, cranes and other exotic birds. The landscape
11284-471: The late 19th century, most of the "ancient" (a legal term equivalent to time immemorial ) irregularities inherited by the civil parish system were cleaned up, and the majority of exclaves were abolished. The census of 1911 noted that 8,322 (58%) of "parishes" in England and Wales were not geographically identical when comparing the civil to the ecclesiastical form. In 1894, civil parishes were reformed by
11408-621: The line has eight tracks. It runs over the Nine Elms to Waterloo Viaduct for much of its length. It crosses beneath the Chatham Main Line where the Brighton Main Line runs alongside it on the southern side. At Clapham Junction , some of these tracks leave on the Waterloo to Reading Line and the remaining tracks are reduced to four. The Brighton Line, which also has four tracks, separates from it shortly afterwards. The four tracks initially have
11532-465: The mid 19th century. Using a longer historical lens the better terms are "pre-separation (civil and ecclesiastical) parish", "original medieval parishes" and "new parishes". The Victoria County History , a landmark collaborative work mostly written in the 20th century (although incomplete), summarises the history of each English "parish", roughly meaning late medieval parish. A minority of these had exclaves , which could be: In some cases an exclave of
11656-593: The name was Tiwerlei . recorded in the Salisbury Register of St Osmund in 1220 as a chapel, still standing but in a ruinous state dedicated to the Blessed Virgin , the first church established in the manor, so known and recorded in Godalming records as "the mother church or the Oldminster" for centuries. By 1220, services were held only three times a year. A fair was held in the field on Lady Day (a quarter-day in
11780-465: The new district councils (outside London) to review their parishes, and many areas left unparished in 1972 have since been made parishes, either in whole or part. For example, Hinckley , whilst entirely unparished in 1974, now has four civil parishes, which together cover part of its area, whilst the central part of the town remains unparished. Some parishes were sub-divided into smaller territories known as hamlets , tithings or townships . Nowadays
11904-651: The next few decades including to Epsom (4 April 1859), to Farnham via Aldershot (2 May 1870). and to Guildford via Cobham & Stoke d'Abernon (2 February 1885). West of Southampton, the Lymington Railway Company opened the first part of its line from Brockenhurst to Lymington Town to paying passengers on 12 July 1858, and services on a second branch serving Romsey, the so-called Sprat and Winkle Line between Redbridge and Andover, began on 6 March 1865. The branch from Wareham to Swanage opened on 20 May 1885. Between London Waterloo and Clapham Junction,
12028-488: The other conurbations. Civil parishes vary greatly in population: some have populations below 100 and have no settlement larger than a hamlet , while others cover towns with populations of tens of thousands. Weston-super-Mare , with a population of 71,758, is the most populous civil parish. In many cases small settlements, today popularly termed villages , localities or suburbs, are in a single parish which originally had one church. Large urban areas are mostly unparished, as
12152-507: The parish of "Busbridge" was renamed to "Munstead and Tuesley". The parish covers northern, heavily wooded foothills of the Greensand Ridge and drains separately to east and west into tributaries of the Wey . Busbridge was wholly in the Anglo-Saxon hundred of Godalming , Surrey but had at the Domesday Book of 1086 no entries, being a rural, farmed part of Godalming and wooded part within
12276-401: The parish the status of a town, at which point the council becomes a town council . Around 400 parish councils are called town councils. Under the Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Act 2007 , a civil parish may be given one of the following alternative styles: As a result, a parish council can be called a town council, a community council, a village council or occasionally
12400-404: The parish. As the number of ratepayers of some parishes grew, it became increasingly difficult to convene meetings as an open vestry. In some, mostly built-up, areas the select vestry took over responsibility from the entire body of ratepayers. This innovation improved efficiency, but allowed governance by a self-perpetuating elite. The administration of the parish system relied on the monopoly of
12524-562: The parish; the church rate ceased to be levied in many parishes and became voluntary from 1868. During the 17th century it was found that the 1601 Poor Law did not work well for very large parishes, which were particularly common in northern England. Such parishes were typically subdivided into multiple townships , which levied their rates separately. The Poor Relief Act 1662 therefore directed that for poor law purposes 'parish' meant any place which maintained its own poor, thereby converting many townships into separate 'poor law parishes'. As
12648-499: The perceived inefficiency and corruption inherent in the system became a source for concern in some places. For this reason, during the early 19th century the parish progressively lost its powers to ad hoc boards and other organisations, such as the boards of guardians given responsibility for poor relief through the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834 . Sanitary districts covered England in 1875 and Ireland three years later. The replacement boards were each entitled to levy their own rate in
12772-411: The population of the parish. Most rural parish councillors are elected to represent the entire parish, though in parishes with larger populations or those that cover larger areas, the parish can be divided into wards. Each of these wards then returns councillors to the parish council (the numbers depending on their population). Only if there are more candidates standing for election than there are seats on
12896-484: The project, reduced the journey time between Waterloo and Weymouth by 25 minutes. Class 444 and Class 450 trains were introduced between 2004 and 2006. The majority of passenger services are currently operated by South Western Railway . CrossCountry operates the Bournemouth – Manchester services travelling on the line between Bournemouth and Basingstoke. In addition, Great Western Railway and Southern also operate services into Southampton Central , which use
13020-539: The proposed link resulted in its route being moved northwards, and plans for the central station were abandoned. Instead, a new Bournemouth East station, designed by William Jacomb with a 350 ft × 100 ft (107 m × 30 m) roof, was constructed. It opened on 20 July 1885 and the new link line was commissioned on 28 September 1886. Pokesdown station, between Christchurch and Bournemouth East, opened on 1 July 1886. The South Western (Bournemouth & c.) Act 1883 , passed on 20 August 1883, authorised
13144-640: The remaining work to Thomas Brassey . He also instituted a more rigorous supervision system by his assistant engineers. On 30 June 1837, the London and South Western Railway Deviations Act 1837 was passed, enabling the company to raise further capital and authorising deviations to the route. On 21 May 1838, the first section of the South West Main Line, between Nine Elms and Woking Common , opened with intermediate stations at Wandsworth (later replaced by Clapham Junction), Wimbledon, Kingston (now Surbiton), Ditton Marsh (now Esher), Walton and Weybridge. The extension westwards to Shapley Heath (now Winchfield), with
13268-438: The right to create civil parishes was extended to London boroughs , although only one, Queen's Park , has so far been created. Eight parishes also have city status (a status granted by the monarch ). A civil parish may be equally known as and confirmed as a town, village, neighbourhood or community by resolution of its parish council, a right not conferred on other units of English local government. The governing body of
13392-546: The same cycle as Christmas) until 1540. The foundations of the "minster" were partly excavated in 1860 before covered up – only dry-stone walls and boundary posts mark the rectangle of the buried ruins. In 1956 Tuesley Court Farm was acquired by a Roman Catholic Holy Order and renamed Ladywell Convent after the Lady Well, one of the series of lakes forming much of the stream running through Busbridge. As part of this sale, it acquired an earlier converted pagan sanctuary and erected
13516-473: The same month, the locomotive shed at Nine Elms – the last main-line steam shed in England – was closed. Rolling stock constructed or modified and rebuilt under the 1967 electrification project consisted of: The 4-Rep tractor units' 3001–3011 motor coaches were newly built, as were the complete 4-Vep units 7701–7720, but the 4-Rep trailer coaches and all cars in the 4-TC and 3-TC sets 401–428 and 301–303 were conversions from locomotive-hauled stock;
13640-564: The section between Basingstoke and Winchester, which required three tunnels, was finished in May the following year. The opening ceremony for the completed line from Nine Elms to Southampton took place on 11 May 1840, with a directors' train leaving London at 8 am and arriving at the permanent terminus, designed by William Tite , around three hours later. The LSWR did not intend Nine Elms to be its permanent northern terminus, and in 1844 an extension of 1 + 3 ⁄ 4 mi (2.8 km) to
13764-544: The shorter route via Bournemouth and Poole. Opening on the same day was the avoiding line at Branksome, which allowed trains to bypass Bournemouth West, eliminating the need for reversal. The first line to branch from the London–Southampton route was the Eastleigh– Gosport line, opened on 29 November 1841. The line was intended to serve Portsmouth , which could be reached via a floating bridge from Gosport. The station at Eastleigh, originally known as "Bishopstoke",
13888-465: The south of Godalming, each scaling the wooded slopes of the Greensand Ridge ; none are dual carriageways. The main road through the village is the B2130 Brighton Road which connects Godalming and Dunsfold . [REDACTED] Media related to Busbridge at Wikimedia Commons Civil parish In England, a civil parish is a type of administrative parish used for local government . It
14012-413: The terms of the 1834 act, the London and Southampton Railway company was authorised to issue shares to the value of £1 million (equivalent to £120 million in 2023) and to borrow a further £330,000. Around half of the money was raised from businessmen from Lancashire , with much of the remainder provided by landowners from south Hampshire. Giles had estimated that his route would take three years to build at
14136-580: The third-rail system which was considered to have a lower upfront cost. An electrical feed from the National Grid was installed at Basingstoke, with power distributed via a network of 19 substations . The project included the replacement of jointed track with continuous welded rail. Regular electric trains from London began operating in public service to Basingstoke on 2 January 1967 and to Bournemouth on 10 July 1967. The final steam-hauled public service between Waterloo and Southampton ran on 8 July 1967. In
14260-558: Was electrified as far west as Pirbright Junction (for Alton) before World War II. It was completed, using the 750 V DC third-rail system, by the London & South Western Railway or the Southern Railway , its successor. Electrification of the South West Main Line between Sturt Lane (near Frimley ) and Bournemouth was authorised in September 1964. Installation of overhead lines was considered, but British Rail instead decided to use
14384-500: Was a small village at the time. Poole, with a population of only 6,000, would be served by a branch from a station at Hamworthy. Castleman hoped to persuade the LSWR to operate the route, but the company refused, fearing that it would not be able to build any further lines west of Salisbury if it accepted. Instead, the Great Western Railway (GWR) agreed to run services using broad-gauge trains. Concerned at this development,
14508-650: Was authorised in January 1986, and work on the £53 million project (£196 million in 2023) began in October that year. To reduce costs, a 5 mi (8.0 km) stretch of line was singled between Moreton and Dorchester South, and the capacity of the 11 kV supply from the National Grid limited train lengths to a maximum of five coaches. The third rail was energised on 11 January 1988, and public electric services began on 16 May that year. The Class 442 units, ordered as part of
14632-563: Was designed by William Tite, and had opened on 10 June 1839 with the section of line between Basingstoke and Northern Road. A further junction at the station was added with the completion of the Eastleigh–Salisbury line , which opened to freight on 27 January 1847 and to passenger trains on 1 March of the same year. By 1850, four lines branching from the South West Main Line had opened to serve locations in west Surrey and east Berkshire. The Guildford Junction Railway , which diverged from
14756-452: Was fundamental in the process of renovating the tennis courts and recreation ground at the top of Holloway Hill and overlooking Godalming . In 2012 they secured £37,900 of Olympic Legacy Funding from Sport England 's Inspired Facilities Fund for flood lights on all four courts allowing for expansion with junior tennis training. Based on the area recorded by the Office for National Statistics at
14880-431: Was granted royal assent on 21 July 1845 and, the following month, Samuel Morton Peto was contracted to build the line. Materials were shipped by sea to Poole and the first part to be completed was the section between Ringwood and Dorchester. Wet weather during the winter of 1846–1847 delayed the completion of the eastern half of the line. Difficulties encountered during the construction of Southampton Tunnel meant that
15004-423: Was hindered by poor weather in spring 1887, which flooded cuttings and damaged embankments. The direct Brockenhurst–Christchurch line opened about a year later than planned, on 5 March 1888, with intermediate stations at Sway, New Milton and Hinton. The initial timetable was nine services per day from London to Bournemouth East, with eight in the opposite direction. The fastest trains took around three hours to cover
15128-414: Was knighted in 1620 and built the old house of Busbridge, to judge from the features of the building, and formed the park, having a (royal) grant of free warren in his lands of 500 acres (200 ha) in 1637, and died 1650. The heirs were son William (1624–1697) and then grandsons William, born (1671–1708) and Laurence, who sailed with Drake round the world, and who sold the property in 1710. Subsequently
15252-542: Was published on 23 October 1830 by a group chaired by the Southampton MP Abel Rous Dottin . The following February, Francis Giles was commissioned to survey the route and a formal scheme, which also included the construction of new docks on the Solent , was presented at a public meeting on 6 April 1831. Giles, who was familiar with the west Surrey and north Hampshire area, having worked as an engineer for
15376-550: Was served by a station on the western side of the Harbour Bridge. Through carriages to London had been introduced by the LSWR in May 1860, and the branch line had been doubled in 1863-1864. The second station to serve Poole opened on 2 December 1872 and was served at first only by Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway trains. It was constructed as part of the Poole and Bournemouth Railway , initially an independent company, but taken over by
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