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46-521: The president of Burundi is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Burundi . The president is also commander-in-chief of the National Defence Force . The office of the presidency was established when Michel Micombero declared Burundi a republic on 28 November 1966 . The first constitution to specify the powers and duties of the president was the constitution of 1974, which

92-435: A new law is approved, it is announced to the public through the publication of government gazettes and/or on official government websites . National laws of extraordinary importance to the public may be announced by the head of state or head of government on a national broadcast. Local laws are usually announced in local newspapers and published in bulletins or compendia of municipal regulations. Bills are enacted by

138-518: A republic and himself its president. Micombero formalized his role as president in his 1974 constitution formally adopted in 1976. The constitution guaranteed Micombero's presidency and established a one-party state led by the Union for National Progress (UPRONA). Political instability continued in Burundi. After the 1987 Burundian coup d'état , Pierre Buyoya seized the post of the presidency and implemented

184-406: Is a final product of the transition. The powers and duties of the presidency are enshrined within the 2005 constitution, which does not feature a prime minister. The president is both head of state and head of government. The president is tasked with representing the republic of Burundi, ensuring the integrity of the constitution, and executing the functions of the state and its laws. The president

230-549: Is an ancient provision in Latin Church canon law, dating in its plural form to the Latin formulation of the great 12th century codifier of canon law, Gratian : Leges instituuntur cum promulgantur ("Laws are instituted when they are promulgated"). The President of France promulgates law (he may ask Parliament to reconsider the law, but only once). The President of Germany has the duty to duly promulgate and issue laws, unless

276-475: Is assisted by two vice-presidents. The president shares many powers and duties with the two-vice presidents and can delegate powers, with exceptions, to them. The president arranges the government with approval from the vice-presidents. The president has the power to direct the agenda of the government and provides executive instructions for the two vice-presidents through presidential decree. The president appoints military commanders and ambassadors with approval from

322-603: Is immediately conducted unless an emergency has been declared by the Constitutional Court. The president can be impeached if two-thirds of both the National Assembly and Senate agree on impeachment. Grounds for impeachment include "grave fault, abuse of power, corruption" and high treason. The president is removed from office if the High Court of Justice convicts the president of a crime. Promulgation After

368-509: Is not in session. They enable the Indian government to take immediate legislative action. Ordinances cease to operate either if Parliament does not approve of them within six weeks of reassembly, or if disapproving resolutions are passed by both Houses. It is also compulsory for a session of Parliament to be held within six months. All laws passed by the Oireachtas are promulgated by a notice in

414-468: Is published in Acta Apostolicae Sedis , and by default has the force of law three months after promulgation. Laws issued by bishops and particular councils are promulgated in various ways but by default take effect one month after promulgation. According to canon 7 of the 1983 Code of Canon Law , Lex instituitur cum promulgatur ("A law is instituted when it is promulgated"). This

460-569: Is re-approved without modification. The Emperor of Japan promulgates laws passed by the Diet . The Emperor cannot refuse to promulgate a law. Promulgation is performed by the President. Article 34 of the constitution of Luxembourg requires the grand duke or duchess to promulgate a new law for it to take effect. Bills have to approved by the Legislative Assembly, signed and promulgated by

506-481: Is the sole office to manage war, but needs approval from parliament and the National Council of Security to start wars. The president is the sole post that can authorize military action. The president is also the sole post to grant civil and military awards. A presidential term is seven years, and a president can serve two terms. The president is assisted by two presidentially appointed vice-presidents ; however,

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552-633: The Iris Oifigiúil published by the President of Ireland , as required by the Constitution of Ireland . By ancient custom an Act of Tynwald , the legislature of the island, did not come into force until it had been "promulgated" at an open-air sitting of Tynwald , usually held on Tynwald Hill at St John's on St John's Day (24 June) but since the adoption of the Gregorian calendar in 1753 on 5 July (or on

598-532: The 2018 Burundian constitutional referendum passed to eventually reduce the number of vice-presidents to one. The president is entitled to a pension after the end of their final term of office. In 1966, Michel Micombero became a rallying force for opposition to king Ntare V of Burundi . When Ntare V promoted Micombero to the post of Prime Minister of Burundi , Micombero launched the November 1966 Burundian coup d'état . Micombero overthrew Ntare V and declared Burundi

644-589: The Chief Executive . They must be published in the Official Gazette Boletim Oficial . When a bill is approved by the House of Representatives of Malta , it is presented to the President of Malta for his assent. According to constitutional obligation he shall without delay signify that he assents and hence promulgate the said bill into a parliamentary act. The parliamentary act is then published in

690-1006: The Government of Canada are promulgated in the Canada Gazette (French: Gazette du Canada ). The Canada Gazette consists of three parts that are published separately. Part 1 promulgates public notices, official appointments and proposed regulations; Part 2 promulgates regulations; and Part 3 promulgates Acts of Parliament. Each province and territory has its own publication in which their laws, regulations, and other statutory instruments are promulgated. Jus novum ( c.  1140 -1563) Jus novissimum ( c.  1563 -1918) Jus codicis (1918-present) Other Sacraments Sacramentals Sacred places Sacred times Supra-diocesan/eparchal structures Particular churches Juridic persons Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law Clerics Office Juridic and physical persons Associations of

736-644: The Malta Government Gazette , and thus comes into force . A law is approved by Congress, signed by the President, and published in the Official Diary of the Federation ( Spanish : Diario Oficial de la Federación ), or DOF. Each law in its Transitional Articles ( Transitorios ) states when the Law takes effect ( entra en vigor ) and, when applicable, what law it cancels and replaces. Regulations are prepared by

782-461: The National Assembly and Senate . If the first president is absent for any reason, another person is elected as first president through the same means. To be eligible for the presidency, a candidate is required to be a national of Burundi by descent. Candidates must reside within Burundi when their candidacies are announced, and the candidates must be at least 40 years old upon conclusion of

828-451: The Parliament ) and the decree-laws (statutes issued by the Government ) have to be promulgated by the President of Portugal to take effect. The promulgation is the act by which the President solemnly testifies the existence of a rule of law and intimates its observation. The President may however decide not to promulgate the bill and to veto it with a political or legal justification. After

874-821: The President of Armenia and published in the Official Gazette of the Republic of Armenia . Statutes are promulgated by the King of the Belgians and published in the Belgian Official Journal . Decrees and Ordinances are promulgated by the different Regional and Community governments and published in the Belgian Official Journal. Canadian federal Acts of Parliament, orders in council, proclamations, public notices, official appointments and proposed regulations from

920-548: The President of the Republic and published in the official gazette Magyar Közlöny . If at any time the Indian Parliament is not in session, the President of India on the recommendation of the Union Cabinet may promulgate an ordinance , which will have the same effect as an Act of Parliament . However, such ordinance will be presented before the parliament for final approval. They can only be issued when Parliament

966-412: The Republic of Burundi . The president is also commander-in-chief of the National Defence Force . The office of the presidency was established when Michel Micombero declared Burundi a republic on 28 November 1966. The first constitution to specify the powers and duties of the president was the constitution of 1974 adopted in 1976. The constitution, written by Micombero, affirmed Micombero's position as

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1012-614: The 1992 constitution. The new constitution instituted multiparty elections in Burundi. Opposition to the change started the Burundian Civil War in 1993. In 1996, Buyoya returned to power and sought reconciliation and transition to democracy. In 2000, the Arusha Accords were signed by all three sides of the conflict, and between 2000 and 2005, Buyoya and Domitien Ndayizeye worked under the 2001 and 2004 transitional constitutions to transition Burundi to democracy. The 2005 constitution

1058-725: The Executive branch in order to establish the administration of the Law. They are signed by the President and published in the DOF. Laws have to be promulgated by the President of the Republic in the Dziennik Ustaw journal. The President may refer to the Constitutional Tribunal ; if he has not made reference, he may refer the bill to the Sejm ( veto ) for further reconsideration. The bill shall then be promulgated. The laws (statutes issued by

1104-423: The National Council of Communication. The president represents Burundi internationally. The president negotiates, signs and ratifies treaties in accordance with the constitution and the Constitutional Court. The president has the power to amend the constitution. The 2005 constitution distinguishes between a first president and subsequent presidents. The first president is elected by a two-thirds majority vote by

1150-414: The President deems them "evidently unconstitutional ". The question to what degree they must be convinced of the constitutional violation to deny promulgation is hotly debated. Bills have to be signed and promulgated by the Chief Executive , and be announced by the government in the gazette . Legislative proposals adopted by the National Assembly obtain the force of law only after they are signed by

1196-478: The Senate. The president dictates the agenda of the ambassadors and can recall them. The president also appoints provincial governors after approval from the two vice-presidents and confirmation from the Senate. The president has the power to declare a state of emergency after approval from the cabinet, the National Assembly, the Senate, the National Council of Security and the Constitutional Court. The president serves as

1242-532: The Supreme Court and Constitutional Court . The president can organize government and can call for parliamentary sessions under extraordinary circumstances . In addition to promulgating legislation, the president has the power to propose and amend laws and can veto laws that parliament is unable to agree upon. The president can also amend the constitution. The president represents Burundi in international affairs by signing and ratifying its treaties. The president

1288-532: The Supreme Court and Constitutional Court. The president requires approval from the Supreme Council of the Magistracy and Senate to appoint judges to the Supreme Court and requires approval from the Senate to appoint judges to the Constitutional Court. The president has the duty of informing the National Assembly and Senate if use of the military is authorized and must organize a special session for this purpose if

1334-493: The commander-in-chief of the military. The president has the sole power to authorize use of the military and has the power to declare and end wars with approval of the National Assembly, Senate and National Council of Security. The president has the power of pardon with approval from the two vice-presidents and the Superior Council of the Magistracy. The president grants civil and military decorations. The president serves as

1380-516: The constitution. The president has the power to appoint military commanders, ambassadors, magistrates and provincial governors . The president also appoints all judges, including those of the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court . The president can organize government and can call for parliamentary sessions under extraordinary circumstances . In addition to promulgating legislation,

1426-435: The constitution. The president is granted a variety of powers throughout the constitution. Title V establishes the executive powers granted to the president and Title VI establishes legislative powers granted to the president. The president has the power to appoint military commanders, ambassadors, magistrates, provincial governors and members of various national councils. The president also appoints all judges, including those of

List of presidents of Burundi - Misplaced Pages Continue

1472-433: The election results. If a candidate occupies a private sector office, they are barred from further business action immediately upon declaration of the election results. If the president is temporarily unable to carry out their duties, then the first vice-president assumes the duties of the president until the president is again able to perform their role. If neither the president nor the first vice-president are present, then

1518-443: The election. Additionally, candidates must be valid voters and must not be facing penalty according to electoral law. Each candidate also requires 200 supporters, all of whom must also be valid voters. The first president is not eligible for election. Candidates for the presidency must either announce themselves as independents or be sponsored by specific political parties. Burundi's population, endowed with universal suffrage, elects

1564-525: The faithful Pars dynamica (trial procedure) Canonization Election of the Roman Pontiff Academic degrees Journals and Professional Societies Faculties of canon law Canonists Institute of consecrated life Society of apostolic life A canonical law issued by the Pope (or with his consent in the case of laws issued by an ecumenical council or congregation ) is promulgated when it

1610-441: The figure to whom all members of government are responsible. The president has the power to propose law and can amend laws related to the domain of law with approval from the Constitutional Court. The president promulgates law and validates law in accordance with the constitution and the Constitutional Court. The president has the power to organize special sessions and may assemble the government yearly to discuss Burundi's budget. If

1656-495: The first president of Burundi. The powers of the president currently derive from the 2005 constitution implemented as a result of the 2000 Arusha Accords after the Burundian Civil War . The current president since 18 June 2020 is Évariste Ndayishimiye . The president's stated role is to represent Burundi's national unity and ensure that the laws and functions of the state are created and executed with full compliance in

1702-696: The following Monday if 5 July is a Saturday or Sunday ). Promulgation originally consisted of the reading of the Act in English and Manx , but after 1865 the reading of the title of the Act and a summary of each section were sufficient. This was reduced in 1895 to the titles and a memorandum of the object and purport of the Act, and since 1988 only the short title and a summary of the long title have been read. An emergency procedure enabling an Act to come into force on royal assent being announced at an ordinary sitting of Tynwald , subject to its being promulgated within 12 months,

1748-489: The government is not already meeting. The president is explicitly bound by the constitution to follow international military law. The president has the sole power to allow foreign soldiers into Burundi. The president appoints the members of truth and reconciliation councils, which the president also oversees. The president also appoints the members of the National Council of Security, the Economic, financial and Social Council, and

1794-416: The government is unable to agree upon the passage of a bill, the president has the power to either veto the bill or request the National Assembly to make a final decision. The president ensures the independence of the judiciary. The president leads the Superior Council of the Magistracy and appoints magistrates with approval from the Senate. The president has the power to appoint all judges, including those of

1840-501: The president by an absolute majority vote in two rounds. If there is no candidate that wins an absolute majority in the first round, then a second round with the top two candidates from the first rounds is held. The election is held between one and two months before the end of the incumbent's tenure. The president is not allowed to hold other occupations during presidential tenure. If a candidate occupies another public office, their tenure in that office ends immediately upon declaration of

1886-439: The president has the power to propose and amend laws, and can veto laws passed by the parliament . A presidential term is seven years, and presidents can serve a maximum of two terms. The president is entitled to a pension after the end of their final term of office. Nine people have served in the office since Burundi became a republic. Only one president, Pierre Buyoya , has served on two non-consecutive occasions. Sylvie Kinigi

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1932-604: The promulgation, the statutes are published in the Diário da República (official journal), with the laws needing a Government referendum before. Bills have to be promulgated by the President and afterwards published in the official gazette, Monitorul Oficial . Article 91 of the Spanish Constitution establishes that bills, upon being passed by the Cortes Generales , must be sanctioned (i.e., given royal assent ) by

1978-460: The second vice-president assumes the duties of the president. If the president dies, resigns, or is otherwise made permanently unable to carry out their duties, then the duties of the president are carried out by the president of the National Assembly. If the president of the National Assembly is not able to act as president, then the vice-presidents, with assistance from the rest of the government, act jointly as president. A new election for president

2024-449: Was adopted in 1976. Written by Micombero, the constitution affirmed his position as the first president of Burundi. The powers of the president derive from the latest constitution , implemented in 2005 as a result of the 2000 Arusha Accords after the Burundian Civil War . The president's stated role is to represent Burundi's national unity and ensure that the laws and functions of the state are created and executed with full compliance of

2070-502: Was introduced in 1916; since 1976 this has been the 'default' procedure, and since 1988 an Act ceases to have effect unless promulgated within 18 months after royal assent is announced in Tynwald. The President of the Republic promulgates law. The President remands a law to the Chambers of Parliament, with an explanation, and asks for reconsideration—but must promulgate the law if it

2116-400: Was the first and only woman who has served in the role (on an interim basis). The current president, Évariste Ndayishimiye , has been serving in the role since 18 June 2020. Died in office President of Burundi The president of Burundi , officially the President of the Republic ( French : Président de la République ), is the head of state and head of government of

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