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62-636: In 1919 Burroughes & Watts opened a second London match-room in Piccadilly , generally called the New Burroughes Hall. This venture was not a financial success and the new venue closed in 1925. During this period, the hall in Soho Square was sometimes known as the Old Burroughes Hall. Before World War I, Burroughes & Watts organised an annual professional billiards 'London tournament'. This

124-474: A cost of £5 million. The London bus routes 6 , 9 , 14 , 19 , 22 , 38 , N9 , N19 , N22 , N38 and N97 all run along Piccadilly. In 1972, a westbound bus lane was introduced between Piccadilly Circus and St James's Street. In November 1976 an eastbound bus lane was introduced between Old Park Lane and Berkeley Street. Part of the Piccadilly line on the London Underground travels under

186-578: A fire in 1733, and rebuilt as Devonshire House in 1737 by William Cavendish, 3rd Duke of Devonshire , and was subsequently used as the headquarters for the Whig party . Devonshire House survived until 1921, before being sold for redevelopment by Edward Cavendish, 10th Duke of Devonshire for £1 million. Burlington House has since been home to the Royal Academy of Arts , the Geological Society of London ,

248-573: A flawless one went for £300. The premises at 190–195, built in 1881–1883, housing the Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colours and known as the "Royal Institute Galleries", are grade II listed. Number 195 is now home to BAFTA , Lyons ' first teashop opened in Piccadilly in 1894, and from 1909 they developed into a chain, ultimately numbering around 200 locations, with the firm becoming

310-466: A game level designed around the street. Notes Citations Sources 51°30′25″N 0°08′32″W  /  51.50698°N 0.14235°W  / 51.50698; -0.14235 Clarendon House 51°30′31″N 0°8′30″W  /  51.50861°N 0.14167°W  / 51.50861; -0.14167 Clarendon House was a town mansion which stood on Piccadilly in London, England, from

372-426: A law that allowed disused buildings to be used for emergency shelter for the homeless. The radical squatting movement that resulted foundered soon afterward, owing to the rise of drug dealers and Hells Angels occupying the site. An eviction took place on 21 September 1969; the events resulted in the licensing of squatting organisations that could take over empty premises to use as homeless shelters. In 1983, A. Burr of

434-560: A shop on No. 181 in 1781. The business continued after his death in 1810, and was run by his family until 1835. Hatchards , now the oldest surviving bookshop in Britain, was started by John Hatchard at No. 173 in 1797; it moved to the current location at No. 189-90 (now No. 187) in 1801. Aldine Press moved to Piccadilly from Chancery Lane in 1842, and remained there until 1894. The Egyptian Hall at No. 170, designed in 1812 by P. F. Robinson for W. Bullock of Liverpool,

496-631: A small parcel of land, 1 + 3 ⁄ 8 acres in area, on the east of what is now Great Windmill Street . That plot may have never belonged to the Crown, and was owned by Anthony Cotton in the reign of Henry VIII . John Cotton granted it to John Golightly in 1547, and his descendants sold it to a tailor, Robert Baker, in c.  1611 –12. Six or seven years later, Baker bought 22 acres of Wilson's land, thanks largely to money from his second marriage. Baker became financially successful by making and selling fashionable piccadills . Shortly after purchasing

558-601: A staple of the High Street in the UK. By the 1920s, most old buildings on the street had been demolished or were in institutional use; traffic noise had driven away residents, but a few residential properties remained. Albert, Duke of York lived at No. 145 at the time of his accession as King George VI in 1936. The clothing store Simpson's was established at 203 - 206 Piccadilly by Alec Simpson in 1936, providing factory-made men's clothing. The premises were designed by

620-487: A statue of Eros was constructed on the junction in 1893, and the erection of large electric billboards in 1923. At the western end of Piccadilly is Hyde Park Corner , and the street has a major road junction with St James's Street and other significant junctions at Albemarle Street , Bond Street and Dover Street . The road is part of the A4 connecting central London to Hammersmith , Earl's Court , Heathrow Airport and

682-490: Is a road in the City of Westminster , London, England, to the south of Mayfair , between Hyde Park Corner in the west and Piccadilly Circus in the east. It is part of the A4 road that connects central London to Hammersmith , Earl's Court , Heathrow Airport and the M4 motorway westward. St James's is to the south of the eastern section, while the western section is built up only on

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744-483: Is evocative of many aspects of life in the city, both by day and by night. The music hall song " It's a Long Way to Tipperary " mentions Piccadilly and Leicester Square in its lyrics. It was written in 1912 about an Irishman living in London, but became popular after being adopted by the mostly Irish Connaught Rangers during World War I. The street is mentioned in Gilbert and Sullivan 's 1881 operetta Patience , in

806-574: Is known about the interior layout beyond what can be surmised from the exterior, from Pratt's other works, and from the conventions of the time. It probably had a large top lit central staircase hall and a series of state apartments . It had 101 hearths. Clarendon House was praised both by contemporaries and by later architectural critics. John Evelyn thought it was "the best contriv'd, the most useful, graceful and magnificent house in England". Three hundred years later, John Summerson wrote: "Clarendon House

868-507: Is now No. 221 Piccadilly and the parallel Jermyn Street since 1685. It remained in use throughout the 18th century before being demolished in 1870 to make way for a restaurant. St James's Church was first proposed in 1664, when residents wanted the area to become a separate parish from St Martin in the Fields . After several Bill readings, construction began in 1676. The building was designed by Christopher Wren and cost around £5,000. It

930-676: Is now the London campus of the Limkokwing University of Creative Technology . Several members of the Rothschild family had mansions at the western end of the street. Nathan Mayer Rothschild moved his banking premises to No. 107 in 1825, and the construction of other large buildings, complete with ballrooms and marble staircases, led to the street being colloquially referred to as Rothschild Row. Ferdinand James von Rothschild lived at No. 143 with his wife Evelina while Lionel de Rothschild lived at No. 148. Melbourne House

992-517: The British Journal of Addiction published an article on "The Piccadilly Drug Scene", in which the author discussed the regular presence of known dealers and easy accessibility of drugs. Today, Piccadilly is regarded as one of London's principal shopping streets, hosting several famous shops. The Ritz Hotel, Park Lane Hotel , Athenaeum Hotel and Intercontinental Hotel are located on the street, along with other luxury hotels and offices. During

1054-474: The Fortnum & Mason partnership on Piccadilly in 1705, selling recycled candles from Buckingham Palace . By 1788, the store sold poultry, potted meats, lobsters and prawns, savoury patties, Scotch eggs, and fresh and dried fruits. The street acquired a reputation for numerous inns and bars during this period. The Old White Horse Cellar , at No. 155, was one of the most famous coaching inns in England but

1116-826: The Linnean Society of London , the Royal Astronomical Society , the British Astronomical Association , the Society of Antiquaries of London and the Royal Society of Chemistry . The land to the south of Piccadilly was leased to trustees of the Earl of St Albans in 1661 for a thirty-year term, subsequently extended to 1740. Nos. 162–165 were granted freehold by the king to Sir Edward Villiers in 1674. The White Bear Inn had been established between what

1178-481: The M4 motorway . Congestion along the road has been reported since the mid-19th century, leading to its progressive widening and removing the northern portions of Green Park. Traffic signals were installed in the 1930s. In the late 1950s, the Ministry of Transport remodelled Hyde Park Corner at the western end to form a major traffic gyratory system, including enlargement of Park Lane . It opened on 17 October 1962 at

1240-630: The Royal Academy , the RAF Club , Hatchards , the Embassy of Japan and the High Commission of Malta . Piccadilly has inspired several works of fiction, including Oscar Wilde 's The Importance of Being Earnest and the work of P. G. Wodehouse . It is one of a group of squares on the London Monopoly board. The street has been part of a main road for centuries, although there is no evidence that it

1302-414: The Royal Academy of Arts , the Geological Society of London , the Linnean Society , and the Royal Astronomical Society . Several members of the Rothschild family had mansions at the western end of the street. St James's Church was consecrated in 1684 and the surrounding area became St James Parish . The Old White Horse Cellar , at No. 155, was one of the most famous coaching inns in England by

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1364-529: The 1660s to the 1680s. It was built for the powerful politician Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon , and was the grandest private London residence of its era. After the restoration of the English monarchy in 1660, new houses began to spring up in the West End to accommodate Charles II 's courtiers. Piccadilly was little more than a country lane, but the land to the north of it was just beginning to be used for housing;

1426-650: The 1981 Granada Television dramatisation, Bridgewater House in Cleveland Row was used as the exterior of Marchmain House. In Bram Stoker's novel Dracula , Jonathan Harker is astonished to see the Count in Piccadilly, which sets off a chain of events that leads to the formation of the group of vampire hunters. Later, Dracula is confronted by the vampire hunters in his house in Piccadilly, before making his escape. In Arthur Machen 's 1894 novella The Great God Pan , Helen Vaughan,

1488-561: The 20th century, it had been an established area for gentlemen's clubs; this usage has sharply declined, and only the Cavalry and Guards Club and the Royal Air Force Club remain. Piccadilly is a major thoroughfare in the West End of London and has several major road junctions. To the east, Piccadilly Circus opened in 1819 connecting it to Regent Street . It has become one of the most recognised landmarks in London, particularly after

1550-563: The 20th century. Notable instances are present in the characters of Bertie Wooster and his Drones Club companions in the Jeeves stories, and the character of James Crocker in the story " Piccadilly Jim ". Dorothy Sayers ' fictional detective Lord Peter Wimsey is described as living at 110A Piccadilly in the inter-war period. In the 1963 movie The Great Escape the character Ashley-Pitt portrayed by David McCallum tells Squadron Leader Roger Bartlett "See you in Piccadilly, Scott's Bar" as he

1612-411: The 8-acre (3.2  ha ) site for his house by royal grant in 1664. Ironically in view of later events he always maintained that he had been reluctant to build such an ostentatious house, but was unable to rent any suitable mansion. Clarendon House was built between that year and 1667 to designs by Roger Pratt . It was set well back from the street behind a courtyard. The central section had nine bays and

1674-531: The Albany, as does Jack Worthing from Oscar Wilde 's The Importance of Being Earnest . According to author Mary C King, Wilde chose the street because of its resemblance to the Spanish word peccadillo , meaning "slashed" or "pierced". In Evelyn Waugh 's novel Brideshead Revisited , the mansion Marchmain House, supposedly located in a cul-de-sac off St James's near Piccadilly, is demolished and replaced with flats. In

1736-600: The Walsingham were demolished when the Ritz Hotel opened on the site in 1906. No. 106, on the corner of Piccadilly and Brick Street, was built for Hugh Hunlock in 1761. It was subsequently owned by the 6th Earl of Coventry who remodelled it around 1765; most of the architecture from this renovation has survived. In 1869, it became home to the St James's Club , a gentleman's club that remained there until 1978. The building

1798-551: The architect Joseph Amberton in a style that mixed art deco and Bauhaus school design and an influence from Louis Sullivan . On opening, it claimed to be the largest menswear store in London. It closed in January 1999; its premises are currently the flagship shop of the booksellers Waterstones . During the 20th century, Piccadilly became known as a place to acquire heroin . Jazz trumpeter Dizzy Reece recalled people queuing outside Piccadilly's branch of Boots for heroin pills in

1860-647: The closure of Thurston's Hall in early 1955, Burroughes Hall was a regular venue for the News of the World Snooker Tournament until the tournament ended in 1959. With the revival of the World Championship in a challenge format in 1964 , the hall was used for the first three matches in April 1964, October 1964 and March 1965. Piccadilly Piccadilly ( / ˌ p ɪ k ə ˈ d ɪ l i / )

1922-402: The development of Portugal Street and the area to the north ( Mayfair ), and they became fashionable residential localities. Some of the grandest mansions in London were built on the northern side of the street. Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon and close political adviser to the king, purchased land for a house; Clarendon House (now the location of Albemarle Street ) was built in 1664, and

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1984-401: The earl sold the surplus land partly to Sir John Denham, who built what later became Burlington House . Denham chose the location because it was on the outskirts of London surrounded by fields. The house was first used to house the poor, before being reconstructed by the third Earl of Burlington in 1718. Berkeley House was constructed around the same time as Clarendon House. It was destroyed by

2046-414: The government to ban developments. Owing to the momentum of growth, the laws had little real effect. A plot of land bounded by Coventry , Sherwood, Glasshouse and Rupert streets and the line of Smith's Court was granted by Elizabeth I to William Dodington, a gentleman of London, in 1559–60. A year or so later it was owned by a brewer, Thomas Wilson of St Botolph-without-Aldgate. The grant did not include

2108-538: The hall, including Great Expectations and Oliver Twist . The hall hosted performances from Antonín Dvořák , Edvard Grieg and Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky . It was demolished in 1905, and replaced by the Piccadilly Hotel. In the late 18th century, Piccadilly was a favoured place for booksellers. In 1765, John Almon opened a shop in No. 178, which was frequented by Lord Temple and other Whigs. John Stockdale opened

2170-413: The land, he enclosed it (the parishioners had Lammas grazing rights ) and erected several dwellings, including a residence and shop for himself; within two years his house was known as Pickadilly Hall. A map published by Faithorne in 1658 describes the street as "the way from Knightsbridge to Piccadilly Hall". A nearby gaming house, known as Shaver's Hall and nicknamed "Tart Hall" or "Pickadell Hall",

2232-401: The land, he enclosed it and erected several dwellings, including his home, Pikadilly Hall. What is now Piccadilly was named Portugal Street in 1663 after Catherine of Braganza , wife of Charles II , and grew in importance after the road from Charing Cross to Hyde Park Corner was closed to allow the creation of Green Park in 1668. Some of the most notable stately homes in London were built on

2294-407: The land. Several relatives claimed it, but after Mary Baker's death in about 1665, the estate reverted to the Crown. A great-nephew, John Baker, obtained possession of part of it, but squabbled over the lands with his cousin, James Baker; trying to play one another off, they paid or granted rights to Oxenden and a speculator, Colonel Thomas Panton , eventually losing out to them. By the 1670s, Panton

2356-523: The late 18th century, by which time the street had become a favoured location for booksellers. The Bath Hotel emerged around 1790, and Walsingham House was built in 1887. Both the Bath and the Walsingham were purchased and demolished, and the prestigious Ritz Hotel built on their site in 1906. Piccadilly Circus station , at the east end of the street, was opened in 1906 and rebuilt to designs by Charles Holden between 1925 and 1928. The clothing store Simpson's

2418-413: The late 1940s. By the 1960s, the street and surrounding area were notorious as the centre of London's illegal drug trade , where heroin and cocaine could be purchased on the black market from unscrupulous chemists. By 1982, up to 20 people could be seen queueing at a chemist dealing in illegal drugs in nearby Shaftesbury Avenue . No. 144 was occupied by squatters in 1968, taking advantage of

2480-589: The lyrics of the song "If You're Anxious For To Shine". One of the major hit songs of the Edwardian musical play The Arcadians (1909) which enjoyed long runs in the West End of London and on New York's Broadway is "All down Piccadilly" (Simplicitas and Chorus, Act III, revised version), with music by Lionel Monckton who also co-wrote the words with Arthur Wimperis . Piccadilly is mentioned in several works of fiction. E. W. Hornung 's "gentleman thief" Raffles lives at

2542-446: The next several decades would see the development of the whole of this area, which was to become London's leading aristocratic residential district, Mayfair . Two other celebrated mansions were built close to Hyde's at around the same time. To the east Sir John Denham was building the house that later became Burlington House , and to the west Lord Berkeley was building Berkeley House, later Devonshire House . Lord Clarendon acquired

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2604-444: The northern side of the street during this period, including Clarendon House and Burlington House in 1664. Berkeley House , constructed around the same time as Clarendon House, was destroyed by a fire in 1733 and rebuilt as Devonshire House in 1737 by William Cavendish, 3rd Duke of Devonshire . It was later used as the main headquarters for the Whig party . Burlington House has since been home to several noted societies, including

2666-501: The northern side. Piccadilly is just under 1 mile (1.6 km) in length, and it is one of the widest and straightest streets in central London. The street has been a main thoroughfare since at least medieval times, and in the Middle Ages was known as "the road to Reading " or "the way from Colnbrook ". Around 1611 or 1612, Robert Baker acquired land in the area, and prospered by making and selling piccadills . Shortly after purchasing

2728-432: The road as "Portugal Street aka Piccadilly". John Rocque's Map of London , published in 1746, refers to the entire street as Piccadilly. Piccadilly was increasingly developed, and by the middle of the 18th century it was continuously built on as far as Hyde Park Corner. The development of St James's and Mayfair, in particular, made Piccadilly one of the busiest roads in London. Hugh Mason and William Fortnum started

2790-566: The same year that his house was finished, Clarendon fell from favour. His image had not been helped by the grandeur of his mansion, which is believed to have cost around £40,000. Among the many allegations against him it was charged that he had appropriated, to build his house, stone intended for repairs to St. Paul's Cathedral after the Great Fire of London . That same year, on 14 June 1667, Samuel Pepys recorded in his diary: "...some rude people have been... at my Lord Clarendon's where they cut down

2852-409: The satanic villainess and offspring of Pan, lives off Piccadilly in the pseudonymous Ashley Street. Margery Allingham 's fictional detective Albert Campion has a flat at 17A Bottle Street, Piccadilly, over a police station, although Bottle Street is equally fictitious. Several P.G. Wodehouse novels use the setting of Piccadilly as the playground of the rich, idle bachelor in the inter-war period of

2914-464: The street. Green Park , Hyde Park Corner , and Piccadilly Circus stations (which are all on the Piccadilly line) have entrances in or near Piccadilly. Down Street station also served the western end of the street from 1907 until it closed in 1932 because of low usage. [REDACTED] Piccadilly . is one of Letitia Elizabeth Landon 's Scenes in London in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1836. It

2976-502: The trees before his house and broke his windows." In response to the allegations, the King abandoned his former favourite. In 1667, Clarendon fled to France, where he died in 1674. In 1675, his heirs sold Clarendon House to Christopher Monck, 2nd Duke of Albemarle , for £26,000, and in 1683, Albemarle resold it to a consortium of investors led by Sir Thomas Bond. Bond demolished it and built Dover Street , Albemarle Street , and Bond Street on

3038-495: The two side wings were each three bays wide. The house was built on the double pile plan, meaning that it was two rooms deep, and had two main storeys of roughly equal height. There was a raised basement below and a tall attic storey with dormer windows above. The roof was flat and balustraded and topped with a cupola . The style was typical of the English fashion of the day, clearly influenced by classical principles, symmetrical and pedimented, but lacking any classical orders . Little

3100-469: Was a handicapped American tournament played at Soho Square Hall. In four tournaments, from 1907/08 to 1910/11, a snooker competition was arranged in parallel to the billiards. This generally consisted of a frame of snooker played at the end of each session of billiards. Soho Square Hall was also the venue of one of the earliest professional snooker matches, hosting a match of 101 frames between John Roberts and Tom Reece from 25 May to 6 June 1908. The match

3162-518: Was among the first great classical houses to be built in London and easily the most striking of them." It was to prove an influential model for future English houses, but its impact was felt much more in the design of country houses than London mansions. Belton House in Lincolnshire , which is sometimes said to be the exemplar of the English country house , was closely based on Clarendon House. In 1667,

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3224-423: Was consecrated in 1684, when the surrounding area became St James Parish . By 1680, most of the original residential properties along Portugal Street had been demolished or built over. The name Piccadilly was applied to part of the street east of Swallow Street by 1673, and eventually became the de facto name for the entire length of Portugal Street. A plan of the area around St James Parish in 1720 describes

3286-563: Was designed by William Chambers for Peniston Lamb, 1st Viscount Melbourne and built between 1770 and 1774. It was converted to apartments in 1802, and is now the Albany . The house has been the residence for the British Prime Ministers William Ewart Gladstone and Edward Heath . St James's Hall was designed by Owen Jones and built between 1857 and 1858. Charles Dickens gave several readings of his novels in

3348-446: Was developing the lands; despite the claims of some distantly-related Bakers, he steadily built them up. Piccadilly was named Portugal Street in 1663 after Catherine of Braganza , wife of Charles II . Its importance to traffic increased after an earlier road from Charing Cross to Hyde Park Corner was closed to allow the creation of Green Park in 1668. After the restoration of the English monarchy in 1660, Charles II encouraged

3410-459: Was established at Nos. 203–206 Piccadilly by Alec Simpson in 1936. During the 20th century, Piccadilly became known as a place to acquire heroin , and was notorious in the 1960s as the centre of London's illegal drug trade . Today, it is regarded as one of London's principal shopping streets. Its landmarks include the Ritz, Park Lane , Athenaeum and Intercontinental hotels, Fortnum & Mason ,

3472-572: Was for £100, £50 for the player winning most frames and £50 for the player winning most aggregate points. Roberts won both prizes, winning 54½ frames to 46½ and 5,529 points to 5,209. Roberts made a break of 73, equalling a recently set record by James Harris. Burroughes Hall was sometimes used as the venue for the final of the English Amateur Championship from 1920 to 1962. In the 1920s and 1930s Thurston's Hall in Leicester Square

3534-429: Was generally preferred for important professional matches but Burroughes Hall was occasionally used, hosting matches in the 1936 World Snooker Championship and the 1939/1940 Daily Mail Gold Cup when matches were played at the two venues simultaneously. After World War II, the hall was again used for World Championship matches in 1947 and 1951 as well as for the qualifying competition in 1946 , 1947 and 1951. After

3596-636: Was later destroyed. The Black Bear and White Bear (originally the Fleece) public houses were nearly opposite each other, although the former was demolished in about 1820. Also of note were the Hercules' Pillars, just west of Hamilton Place, the Triumphant Car, which was popular with soldiers, and the White Horse and Half Moon. The Bath Hotel emerged around 1790 and Walsingham House was built in 1887. The Bath and

3658-555: Was making his escape from the tunnel. The street is a square on the British Monopoly board, forming a set with Leicester Square and Coventry Street . When a European Union version of the game was produced in 1992, Piccadilly was one of three London streets selected, along with Oxford Street and Park Lane . In 1996, Latvian singer Laima Vaikule released an album titled Ya vyshla na Pikadilli ("I Went Out on Piccadilly"). In 2019, Call of Duty: Modern Warfare featured

3720-554: Was modelled on Ancient Egyptian architecture, particularly the Great Temple of Dendera (Tentyra). One author described it as "one of the strangest places Piccadilly ever knew". It was a venue for exhibitions by the Society of Painters in Water Colours and the Society of Female Artists during the 19th century. It contained numerous Egyptian antiquaries; at an auction in June 1822, two "imperfect" Sekhmet statues were sold for £380, and

3782-456: Was part of a Roman road , unlike Oxford Street further north. In the Middle Ages it was known as "the road to Reading " or "the way from Colnbrook ". During the Tudor period , relatively settled conditions made expansion beyond London's city walls a safer venture. Property speculation became a lucrative enterprise, and developments grew so rapidly that the threat of disease and disorder prompted

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3844-448: Was popular with the gentry of London. Lord Dell lost £3,000 gambling at cards there in 1641. After Robert Baker's death in 1623 and the death of his eldest son Samuel shortly afterward, his widow and her father purchased the wardship of their surviving children; the death of the next eldest son, Robert in 1630 allowed them to effectively control the estate. Their only daughter died, and her widower Sir Henry Oxenden retained an interest in

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