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75-439: (Redirected from Bundeskriminalamt ) Federal Criminal Police Office , or Bundeskriminalamt (a German language compound noun literally meaning "Federal Criminal Office"), can refer to: Federal Criminal Police Office (Germany) Federal Criminal Police Office (Austria) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

150-471: A "theological playbook used to justify the group's abhorrent acts". He states: Ranging from ruminations on the merits of beheading, torturing, or burning prisoners to thoughts on assassination, siege warfare, and the use of biological weapons, Muhajir's intellectual legacy is a crucial component of the literary corpus of ISIS —and, indeed, whatever comes after it—a way to render practically anything permissible, provided, that is, it can be spun as beneficial to

225-494: A battlefield." The first or the "classical" doctrine of jihad which was developed towards the end of the 8th century, emphasized the "jihad of the sword" ( jihad bil-saif ) rather than the "jihad of the heart", but it contained many legal restrictions which were developed from interpretations of both the Quran and the Hadith , such as detailed rules involving "the initiation, the conduct,

300-598: A major force in the Muslim world ." It served to produce foot soldiers, leadership and organization. Abdullah Yusuf Azzam provided propaganda for the Afghan cause. After the war, veteran jihadists returned to their home countries, and from there would disperse to other sites of conflict involving Muslim populations, such as Algeria, Bosnia , and Chechnya , creating a "transnational jihadist stream." An explanation for jihadist willingness to kill civilians and self-professed Muslims on

375-468: A population of about 12 million, where they enforced their extremist interpretation of Islamic law , managed an annual budget exceeding US$ 1   billion, and commanded more than 30,000 fighters. After a grinding conflict with American, Iraqi, and Kurdish forces, IS lost control of all their Middle Eastern territories by 2019, subsequently reverting to insurgency from remote hideouts while continuing their propaganda efforts . These efforts have garnered

450-967: A prominent leader of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, was an influential promoter of the Pan-Islamist ideology during the 1960s. When he was executed by the Egyptian government under the regime of Gamal Abdel Nasser , Ayman al-Zawahiri formed Egyptian Islamic Jihad , an organization which seeks to replace the government with an Islamic state that would reflect Qutb's ideas about the Islamic revival that he yearned for. The Qutbist ideology has been influential among jihadist movements and Islamic terrorists who seek to overthrow secular governments, most notably Osama bin Laden and Ayman al-Zawahiri of al-Qaeda , as well as

525-554: A return to pristine, simple, straightforward Islam, not one school among many, and not interpreting Islamic law historically or contextually, but as the one, orthodox "straight path" of Islam. Unlike the traditional teachings of the jurists, who tolerated and even celebrated divergent opinions and schools of thought and kept extremism marginalized, Wahhabism had "extreme hostility" to "any sectarian divisions within Islam". In Iraq, resentment amongst Sunnis over their marginalization after

600-560: A significant following in northern and Sahelian Africa, where IS still controls a significant territory, and the war against the Islamic State continues. The term jihadist is almost exclusively used to describe Sunni extremists . One example is Syria, where there have been thousands of foreign Muslim fighters engaged in the civil war , for example, non-Syrian Shia are often referred to as "militia", and Sunni foreigners as "jihadists" (or "would-be jihadists"). One who does use

675-507: A struggle for the expansion of Islam and the realization of Islamic ideals." Some of the earlier Islamic scholars and theologians who had profound influence on Islamic fundamentalism and the ideology of contemporary jihadism include the medieval Muslim thinkers Ibn Taymiyyah , Ibn Kathir , and Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab , alongside the modern Islamist ideologues Muhammad Rashid Rida , Sayyid Qutb, and Abul A'la Maududi. Jihad has been propagated in modern fundamentalism beginning in

750-413: A vanguard which was modeled after the early Muslims, preaching, and bracing oneself for poverty or even bracing oneself for death in preparation for jihad against what he perceived was a jahili government/society, and the overthrow of them. Qutbism , the radical Islamist ideology which is derived from the ideas of Qutb, was denounced by many prominent Muslim scholars as well as by other members of

825-453: Is "Kriminalkommissaranwärter (KKA)". The entry level after finishing the three year studies is "Kriminalkommissar", meaning Detective Inspector. The criminal police ranks are divided into the "Gehobener Dienst" (upper service) and "Höherer Dienst" (higher service). The upper service is the investigative level of the BKA. The higher service could be described as the middle management of the BKA. To enter

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900-529: Is a subculture mainly applied to individuals in developed nations who are recruited to travel to conflict zones on jihad. For example, jihadi rap videos make participants look "more MTV than Mosque", according to NPR , which was the first to report on the phenomenon in 2010. To justify their acts of religious violence , jihadist individuals and networks resort to the nonbinding genre of Islamic legal literature ( fatwa ) developed by jihadi-Salafist legal authorities, whose legal writings are shared and spread via

975-593: Is also known as global jihadism . Studies show that with the rise of the Islamic State , some Muslim volunteers that came both from Western countries and Muslim-majority countries traveled to join the global jihad in Syria and Iraq . The concept of jihad ("exerting"/"striving"/"struggling") is fundamental to Islam and has multiple uses, with greater jihad (internal jihad) meaning internal struggle against evil in oneself, and lesser jihad (external jihad), which

1050-569: Is an act of Shuhada (martyrdom) and it brings you a special place in Heaven , not a special place in Hell ; and the killing of Muslim bystanders (nevermind Non-Muslims ), should not impede acts of jihad. Military and intelligent analyst Sebastian Gorka described the new interpretation of jihad as the "willful targeting of civilians by a non-state actor through unconventional means." Al-Qaeda's splinter groups and competitors, Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad and

1125-451: Is considered to be a collective obligation is sometimes simplified as "offensive jihad" in Western texts. Scholars like Abul Ala Maududi , Abdullah Azzam , Ruhollah Khomeini , leaders of al-Qaeda and others, believe that defensive global jihad is a personal obligation, which means that no caliph or Muslim head of state needs to declare it. Killing yourself in the process of killing the enemy

1200-563: Is equipped with Glock pistols , Heckler & Koch MP5 and other weapons. The Protection Group is also allowed to carry additional military-grade weapons, e.g. the ASE unit or the protection details (only revolvers are allowed in certain foreign countries). The use of these weapons and force in general is controlled by a special law, the UZwG . BKA police officers are authorized to carry their duty firearms concealed while off-duty. The Protection Group of

1275-486: Is further subdivided into jihad of the pen/tongue (debate or persuasion) and jihad of the sword (warfare). The latter form of jihad has meant conquest and conversion in the classical Islamic interpretation, usually excepting followers of other monotheistic religions , while modernist Islamic scholars generally equate military jihad with defensive warfare. Much of the contemporary Muslim opinion considers internal jihad to have primacy over external jihad in

1350-984: Is often the most visible part of the BKA. Specially selected and trained officers with special equipment and vehicles provide round-the-clock personal security to those they protect. The Protection Group is now headquartered in Berlin. (in German: Abteilung OE – Operative Einsatz- und Ermittlungsunterstützung) (in German: Abteilung KT – Kriminalistisches Institut) (in German: Abteilung IT – Informationstechnik) (in German: Abteilung IZ – Internationale Koordinierung, Bildungs- und Forschungszentrum) (in German: Abteilung ZV – Zentral- und Verwaltungsaufgaben) Established on November 1, 2019

1425-463: Is recruited similar to private companies. Potential law enforcement officers are recruited in a longer process. They have to pass a written and oral exam (interview, group discussions, psychological test), a sport test (endurance, strength, reaction), a medical examination and security screening. Personnel of the upper service usually needs to have passed a university entrance qualification (usually Abitur or Fachabitur ). Law enforcement personnel in

1500-715: Is the true successor to Muhammad, while Sunnīs consider Abu Bakr to hold that position. The Kharijites broke away from both the Shīʿas and the Sunnīs during the First Fitna (the first Islamic Civil War); they were particularly noted for adopting a radical approach to takfīr (excommunication), whereby they declared both Sunnī and Shīʿa Muslims to be either infidels ( kuffār ) or false Muslims ( munāfiḳūn ), and therefore deemed them worthy of death for their perceived apostasy ( ridda ). Sayyid Qutb , an Egyptian Islamist ideologue and

1575-566: The Ummah (the collective Muslim world ) from foreign Non-Muslims and those that they perceive as domestic infidels . The term "jihadist globalism" is also often used in relation to Islamic terrorism as a globalist ideology, and more broadly to the War on Terror . The Austrian-American academic Manfred B. Steger , Professor of Sociology at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa , proposed an extension of

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1650-661: The Attorney General of Germany can direct it to investigate cases of special public interest. The Federal Criminal Police Office was established in 1951, and Wiesbaden, in the State of Hesse, was designated as its seat. The German police in general is – by definition of the German constitution – organized at the level of the states of the federation (e.g. North Rhine-Westphalia Police , Bavarian State Police , Berlin Police ). Exceptions are

1725-636: The Bush administration 's assertions false, and it made others self-fulfilling. One of these was the insistence on an operational link between Iraq and al-Qaeda... after the fall of the regime, the most potent ideological force behind the insurgency was Islam and its hostility to non-Islamic intruders. Some former Baathist officials even stopped drinking and took to prayer. The insurgency was called mukawama , or resistance, with overtones of religious legitimacy; its fighters became mujahideen , holy warriors; they proclaimed their mission to be jihad ." Originating in

1800-719: The Federal Police , the Federal Criminal Police Office (BKA) and the German Parliament Police . Because of historic reasons all these federal police forces have a specific and limited legal jurisdiction. This is because after World War II , it was decided that there should not be another all-powerful police force like the Reich Security Main Office (consisting of the Gestapo , Sicherheitsdienst ,

1875-577: The Houthi movement from the Zaidism , is closer to Sunni in theology than other Shi'a sect. According to Shadi Hamid and Rashid Dar, jihadism is driven by the idea that jihad is an "individual obligation" ( fard ‘ayn ) incumbent upon all Muslims . This is in contrast with the belief of Muslims up until now (and by contemporary non-jihadists) that jihad is a "collective obligation" ( fard al-kifaya ) carried out according to orders of legitimate representatives of

1950-757: The Islamic notion of lesser jihad from the classical interpretation of Islam. It has also been applied to various Islamic empires in history, such as the Rashidun and Umayyad caliphates of the early Muslim conquests , and the Ottoman Empire . There were also the Fula jihads in West Africa in the 18th and 19th centuries. Modern jihadism mostly has its roots in the late 19th- and early 20th-century ideological developments of Islamic revivalism , which further developed into Qutbism and related Islamist ideologies during

2025-411: The Islamic State . They are a transnational Salafi jihadist group and an unrecognised quasi-state . IS gained global prominence in 2014, when their militants conquered large territories in northwestern Iraq and eastern Syria, taking advantage of the ongoing civil war in Syria and the disintegrating local military forces of Iraq. By the end of 2015, their self-declared caliphate ruled an area with

2100-462: The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria , are thought to have been heavily influenced by a 2004 work on jihad entitled Management of Savagery ( Idarat at-Tawahhush ), written by Abu Bakr Naji and intended to provide a strategy to create a new Islamic caliphate by first destroying "vital economic and strategic targets" and terrifying the enemy with cruelty to break its will. Islamic theologian Abu Abdullah al-Muhajir has been identified as one of

2175-570: The Jaish al-Ta'ifa al-Mansurah founded by Abu Omar al-Baghdadi in 2004, the organization (primarily under the Islamic State of Iraq name) affiliated itself with al-Qaeda in Iraq and fought alongside them during the 2003–2006 phase of the Iraqi insurgency . The group later changed their name to Islamic State of Iraq and Levant for about a year, before declaring itself to be a worldwide caliphate , called simply

2250-588: The Muslim world ... [with] a central role to jihad as an armed political struggle to overthrow " apostate " regimes, to expel their infidel allies, and thus to restore Muslim lands to governance by Islamic principles." David Romano, researcher of political science at the McGill University in Montreal, Quebec , has defined his use of the term as referring to "an individual or political movement that primarily focuses its attention, discourse, and activities on

2325-624: The Reichskriminalpolizeiamt ). The formation of the BKA is based on several articles of the German constitution , which give the federal government the exclusive ability to pass laws on the coordination of criminal policing in Germany. The jurisdictions of the BKA are defined in the Bundeskriminalamtgesetz (BKAG): Since its establishment in 1951, the BKA's number of staff has grown substantially. This has notably been driven by

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2400-560: The Salafi-jihadi terrorist group ISIL/ISIS/IS/Daesh . Moreover, Qutb's books have been frequently been cited by Osama bin Laden and Anwar al-Awlaki . Sayyid Qutb could be said to have founded the actual movement of radical Islam. Unlike the other Islamic thinkers who have been mentioned above, Qutb was not an apologist . He was a prominent leader of the Muslim Brotherhood and a highly influential Islamist ideologue, and

2475-677: The early history of Islam with the emergence of the Kharijites in the 7th century CE. The original schism between Kharijites , Sunnīs , and Shīʿas among Muslims was disputed over the political and religious succession to the guidance of the Muslim community ( Ummah ) after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad . From their essentially political position, the Kharijites developed extreme doctrines that set them apart from both mainstream Sunnī and Shīʿa Muslims. Shīʿas believe ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib

2550-564: The fall of Ba'athist regime led to the rise of jihadist networks in the region, which resulted in the al-Qaeda led insurgency in Iraq . De-Ba'athification policy initiated by the new government led to rise in support of jihadists and remnants of Iraqi Ba'athists started allying with al-Qaeda in their common fight against the United States. Iraq War journalist George Packer writes in The Assassins' Gate : "The Iraq War proved some of

2625-457: The 1990s and 2000s. Jihadist organizations and rebel groups have become more prominent since the 1990s; by one estimate, 5 percent of civil wars involved jihadist groups in 1990 but more than 40 percent in 2014. French political scientist Gilles Kepel has diagnosed a specific Salafist form of jihadism within the Salafi movement of the 1990s. Jihadism with an international, pan-Islamist scope

2700-467: The 20th and 21st centuries. The jihadist ideologues envisioned jihad as a "revolutionary struggle" against the secular international order to unite the Muslim world under the " rule of God ". The Islamist volunteer organisations which participated in the Soviet–Afghan War of 1979 to 1989 reinforced the rise of jihadism, which has been propagated during various armed conflicts throughout

2775-436: The BKA creates task forces, which are called "Besondere Aufbauorganisation" (abbreviated: BAO). These task forces can integrate personnel from different divisions and state police forces as well. On some occasions international police forces participate too. The BKA currently employs more than 7100 people (as of July 2020). More than 3800 are sworn law enforcement officers of various ranks including upper management. Furthermore,

2850-410: The BKA has more than 1100 civil servants (e.g. analysts as well as administrative or technical personnel). Another 2200 employees work for the BKA as scientists (forensic and natural sciences) and academics (criminology and law enforcement research). The BKA received more than 1,000 additional job positions in 2017. In the case of law enforcement officers, the BKA has employees in two career tracks of

2925-612: The BKA is a political civil servant, who is appointed by the President of Germany upon recommendation from the Minister of the Interior and the cabinet. He or she can be provisionally retired by the federal president, as stipulated in §54 of the Law on Federal Civil Servants. The post is graded as B9 in the payscale for federal civil servants (which is the same as a lieutenant general or a vice admiral in

3000-500: The BKA utilizes armoured cars from different manufacturers for their protection mission, e.g. like Mercedes-Benz W221 (for the President of Germany), Audi A8 L or BMW. 50°05′52″N 8°14′45″E  /  50.09778°N 8.24583°E  / 50.09778; 8.24583 Jihadism Political Militant [REDACTED] Islam portal Jihadism is a neologism for militant Islamic movements that seek to base

3075-692: The German civil service. In the upper service (pay grades A9-A13g, comparable to military officer ranks up to Captain ) or in the higher service (pay grades A13h and above, comparable to military staff officer ranks of Major and above). In contrast, some state police forces in Germany such as Bavarian State Police and the Federal Police also have lower level career tracks with only two years of training and lower entrance requirements). The BKA recruits its personnel through different procedures: The civilian personnel (e.g. analysts, scientists, administrative personnel)

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3150-663: The Internet. According to Reuven Firestone, Jihadism as commonly used in Western sources describes "militant Islamic movements that are perceived as existentially threatening to the West." The term “jihadism” has been applied to various Islamic empires in history, such as the Arab Umayyad Caliphate and the Ottoman empire , who extensively campaigned against non-Muslim nations in the name of jihad. Islamic extremism dates back to

3225-692: The Islamic tradition, while many Western writers favor the opposite view. Today, the word jihad is often used without religious connotations, like the English crusade . The term "jihadism" has been in use since the 1990s, more widely in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks . It was first used by the Indian and Pakistani mass media, and by French academics who used the more exact term " jihadist-Salafist ". Historian David A. Charters defines "jihadism" as "a revolutionary program whose ideology promises radical social change in

3300-500: The Muslim Brotherhood, like Yusuf al-Qaradawi . According to Rudolph Peters , scholar of Islamic studies and the history of Islam , contemporary traditionalist Muslims "copy phrases of the classical works on fiqh " in their writings on jihad; Islamic modernists "emphasize the defensive aspect of jihad, regarding it as tantamount to bellum justum in modern international law; and the contemporary fundamentalists ( Abul A'la Maududi , Sayyid Qutb , Abdullah Azzam , etc.) view it as

3375-449: The Muslim community ( Ummah ) has been extinct for several centuries and it has also reverted to jahiliyah (the pre-Islamic age of ignorance) because those who call themselves Muslims have failed to follow the sharia law . In order to restore Islam, bring back its days of glory, and free the Muslims from the clasps of ignorance, Qutb proposed the shunning of modern society, establishing

3450-403: The Muslim community. Jihadist insist all Muslims should participate because (they believe) today's Muslim leaders are illegitimate and do not command the authority to ordain justified violence. Some observers have noted the evolution in the rules of jihad—from the original "classical" doctrine to that of 21st-century Salafi jihadism . According to the legal historian Sadarat Kadri, during

3525-503: The agency includes coordinating cooperation between the federation and state police forces; investigating cases of international organized crime , terrorism and other cases related to national security ; counterterrorism ; the protection of members of the constitutional institutions , and of federal witnesses. When requested by the respective state authorities or the federal minister of the interior, it also assumes responsibility for investigations in certain large-scale cases. Furthermore,

3600-447: The anti-extremism think tank Quilliam , defines jihadism as a violent subset of Islamism : "Islamism [is] the desire to impose any version of Islam over any society. Jihadism is the attempt to do so by force." " Jihad Cool " is a term for the re-branding of militant jihadism as fashionable, or " cool ", to younger people through consumer culture , social media, magazines, rap videos , toys, propaganda videos , and other means. It

3675-545: The armed forces). His or her vice-chiefs, who to this day have mostly been career officials from the ranks, are in the B6 paygrade. Anlage I BBesG - Einzelnorm BKA police officers are equipped with the SIG Sauer P229 as a duty firearm. Selected units are also equipped with Heckler & Koch MP5 machine pistols. Additionally the police officers are equipped with pepperspray and bulletproof vests. The special mission unit MEK

3750-443: The career path of the higher service generally need to have passed a master's degree or a second state examination for direct recruitment. As a rule, the few directly recruited law enforcement officers for this career path are usually lawyers. However, a large proportion of the officers in the BKA's higher service career path are promoted law enforcement officers from the upper career path, who have proven themselves very well. After

3825-431: The cases of Saudi and other Gulf regimes show, states may gain domestic legitimacy through economic development and social change, rather than based on religion and piety". Many Muslims do not use the terms "jihadism" or "jihadist", disliking the association of illegitimate violence with a noble religious concept, and instead prefer the use of delegitimising terms like "deviants". Maajid Nawaz , founder and chairman of

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3900-484: The conduct of a violent, uncompromising campaign that they term a jihad ". Following Daniel Kimmage, he distinguishes the jihadist discourse of jihad as a global project to remake the world from the resistance discourse of groups like Hezbollah , which is framed as a regional project against a specific enemy. "Jihadism" has been defined otherwise as a neologism for militant , predominantly Sunnī Islamic movements that use ideologically motivated violence to defend

3975-408: The division TE consists of sections from the division ST who are tasked with the collection of information and investigations in the fields of terrorism, religious motivated extremism and jihadism . The division's main tasks lie in investigations in the fields of cybercrime and computer-oriented crime The BKA is part of several joint centers and platforms for combatting crime: For special cases

4050-479: The fight against the left-wing terrorism in the 1970s and the internationalization of crime in the decades thererafter. Thus its structure has been undergoing constant reorganized. The last major reform was implemented in July 2016 and resulted in the structure described below. The BKA is currently organized in eleven divisions. The President of the BKA is supported by its staff in the so-called "Leitungsstab" (which has not

4125-568: The first to articulate these anathemizing principles in his magnum opus Fī ẓilāl al-Qurʾān ( In the shade of the Qurʾān ) and his 1966 manifesto Maʿālim fīl-ṭarīq ( Milestones ), which lead to his execution by the Egyptian government. Other Salafi movements in the Middle East and North Africa and Salafi movements across the Muslim world adopted many of his Islamist principles. According to Qutb,

4200-422: The grounds that they were actually apostates ( takfīr ) is the vastly reduced influence of the traditional diverse class of ulama , often highly educated Islamic jurists. In "the vast majority" of Muslim countries during the post-colonial world of the 1950s and 1960s, the private religious endowments ( awqāf ) that had supported the independence of Islamic scholars and jurists for centuries were taken over by

4275-714: The higher service members of the upper service have to pass an additional exam. After passing the test and acception for the higher service, these recruits have to study an additional two years at police university in Münster . The higher service can also be entered by external, non-police personnel from selected academic fields. The BKA is headed by three top executives, a chief ( Präsident des Bundeskriminalamtes ) and two vice-chiefs ( Vizepräsidnet beim Bundeskriminalamt ), which in German BKA-lingo are referred to as "Amtsleitung" , to be translated into 'agency management'. The chief of

4350-518: The jihad. [...] According to Muhajir, committing suicide to kill people is not only a theologically sound act, but a commendable one, too, something to be cherished and celebrated regardless of its outcome. [...] neither Zarqawi nor his inheritors have looked back, liberally using Muhajir's work to normalize the use of suicide tactics in the time since, such that they have become the single most important military and terrorist method—defensive or offensive—used by ISIS today. The way that Muhajir theorized it

4425-708: The key theorists and ideologues behind modern jihadist violence. His theological and legal justifications influenced Abu Musab al-Zarqawi , al-Qaeda member and former leader of al-Qaeda in Iraq , as well as several other jihadi terrorist groups, including ISIL and Boko Haram . Zarqawi used a 579-page manuscript of al-Muhajir's ideas at AQI training camps that were later deployed by ISIL, known in Arabic as Fiqh al-Dima and referred to in English as The Jurisprudence of Jihad or The Jurisprudence of Blood . The book has been described by counter-terrorism scholar Orwa Ajjoub as rationalizing and justifying "suicide operations,

4500-420: The last couple of centuries, incremental changes in Islamic legal doctrine (developed by Islamists who otherwise condemn any bid‘ah (innovation) in religion), have "normalized" what was once "unthinkable". "The very idea that Muslims might blow themselves up for God was unheard of before 1983, and it was not until the early 1990s that anyone anywhere had tried to justify killing innocent Muslims who were not on

4575-576: The late 19th century, an ideology that arose in the context of struggles against colonial powers in North Africa at that time, as in the Mahdist War in Sudan, and notably in the mid-20th century by Islamic revivalist authors such as Sayyid Qutb and Abul Ala Maududi. The term jihadism (earlier Salafi jihadism ) has arisen in the 2000s to refer to the contemporary jihadi movements, the development of which

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4650-655: The law enforcement officer applicants for the upper career path pass the mentioned exams, they study at the Federal University for Applied Administrative Sciences (Departmental Branch of the Federal Criminal Police) for three years at different locations. While studying (law, criminal proceedings, constitutional law, criminology, police tactics, ethics) they also receive traditional police training like martial arts (Krav Maga, Jiu Jiutsu, Judo), shooting, basic driving and crime scene investigation. During their studies

4725-403: The mutilation of corpses, beheading, and the killing of children and non-combatants". The Guardian ' s journalist Mark Towsend, citing Salah al-Ansari of Quilliam , notes: "There is a startling lack of study and concern regarding this abhorrent and dangerous text [ The Jurisprudence of Blood ] in almost all Western and Arab scholarship". Charlie Winter of The Atlantic describes it as

4800-411: The officers on the same career path of the Federal Police and the police forces of the federal states. The BKA has the same rank structure as the other police forces in Germany. As a criminal police branch, the different ranks are preceded by the description "Kriminal-". The uniformed police forces normally have the description "Polizei-" like "Polizeikommissar". The rank of police candidates or recruits

4875-593: The police candidates complete an 8-month internship at a local state police office and an 8-month internship in several investigative, support and analysis units of the BKA. Higher service personnel of the BKA study for two years at the German Police University in Münster (formerly the Police Command and Staff Academy). There they usually earn a Master of Arts degree in police management. They study together with

4950-429: The state on Islamic principles. In a narrower sense, it refers to the belief held by some Muslims that armed confrontation with political rivals is an efficient and theologically legitimate method of socio-political change. It is a form of religious violence and has been applied to various insurgent Islamic extremist , militant Islamist , and terrorist individuals and organizations whose ideologies are based on

5025-522: The state. The jurists were made salaried employees and the nationalist rulers naturally encouraged their employees (and their employees' interpretations of Islam) to serve the rulers' interests. Inevitably, the jurists came to be seen by the Muslim public as doing this. Into this vacuum of religious authority came aggressive proselytizing , funded by tens of billions of dollars of petroleum-export money from Saudi Arabia . The version of Islam being propagated (Saudi doctrine of Wahhabism ) billed itself as

5100-726: The status of a division): (in German: Stab LS – Leitungsstab) (in German: Abteilung ZI – Zentrales Informationsmanagment) (in German: Abteilung ST – Polizeilicher Staatsschutz) (in German: Abteilung SO – Schwere und Organisierte Kriminalität) (in German: Abteilung SG – Sicherungsgruppe) The Protection Group protects the members of Germany's constitutional bodies and their foreign guests and

5175-416: The term "Shia jihad" is Danny Postel, who complains that "this Shia jihad is largely left out of the dominant narrative." Other authors see the ideology of "resistance" (Arabic: muqawama ) as more dominant, even among extremist Shia groups. For clarity, they suggest use of the term " muqawamist" instead. Yemen's Houthi rebels have often called for "jihad" to resist Saudi Arabia's intervention , even though

5250-517: The term "jihadist globalism" to apply to all extremely violent strains of religiously influenced ideologies that articulate the global imaginary into concrete political agendas and terrorist strategies; these include al-Qaeda , Jemaah Islamiyah , Hamas , and Hezbollah , which he finds "today's most spectacular manifestation of religious globalism". According to the Jewish-American political scientist Barak Mendelsohn, "the overwhelming majority of Muslims reject jihadi views of Islam. Furthermore, as

5325-404: The termination" of jihad, the treatment of prisoners, the distribution of booty, etc. Unless there was a sudden attack on the Muslim community, jihad was not a "personal obligation" ( fard ‘ayn ); instead it was a "collective one" ( fard al-kifaya ), which had to be discharged "in the way of God" ( fi sabil Allah ), and it could only be directed by the caliph , "whose discretion over its conduct

5400-542: The title Federal Criminal Police Office . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Federal_Criminal_Police_Office&oldid=542905155 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Federal Criminal Police Office (Germany) Primary jurisdiction of

5475-459: Was all but absolute." (This was designed in part to avoid incidents like the Kharijia 's jihad against and killing of Caliph Ali , since they deemed that he was no longer a Muslim). Martyrdom resulting from an attack on the enemy with no concern for your own safety was praiseworthy, but dying by your own hand (as opposed to the enemy's) merited a special place in Hell . The category of jihad which

5550-415: Was in retrospect traced to developments of Salafism paired with the origins of al-Qaeda in the Soviet–Afghan War during the 1990s. Jihadism has been called an "offshoot" of Islamic revivalism of the 1960s and 1970s. The writings of Sayyid Qutb and Mohammed Abdul-Salam Farag provide inspiration. The Soviet–Afghan War (1979–1989) is said to have "amplified the jihadist tendency from a fringe phenomenon to

5625-495: Was simple—he offered up a theological fix that allows any who desire it to sidestep the Koranic injunctions against suicide. Clinical psychologist Chris E. Stout also discusses the al Muhajir-inspired text in his essay, Terrorism, Political Violence, and Extremism (2017). He assesses that jihadists regard their actions as being "for the greater good"; that they are in a "weakened in the earth" situation that renders Islamic terrorism

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