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83-586: Archibald Hilton Bull (1847–1920) started in the shipping business at a very young age, he worked his way from an errand boy to be on the board of directors and presider of companies. In 1885 Archibald H. Bull founded the British-flagged New York and Porto Rico Steamship Company , which operated the Porto Rico Line . He ran the firm as a British-flagged ship, as he found the operating cost much lower than US-flagged shipping. In 1895 Bull entered into

166-489: A diplomatic courier ). Couriers are distinguished from ordinary mail services by features such as speed, security, tracking, signature, specialization and individualization of express services, and swift delivery times, which are optional for most everyday mail services. As a premium service, couriers are usually more expensive than standard mail services, and their use is normally limited to packages where one or more of these features are considered important enough to warrant

249-462: A 13-year bankruptcy case stemming from asbestos claims and immediately built a new 90,000 sq ft headquarters building on its 160-acre Columbia campus. The company has been involved in several controversial incidents of proven and alleged corporate crimes, including exposing workers and residents of an entire town to asbestos contamination in Libby and Troy , Montana , water contamination (the basis of

332-653: A 160-acre research complex, the Washington Research Center, in Columbia, Maryland. It also commissioned the New York City skyscraper, the W. R. Grace Building , as its world headquarters, in midtown Manhattan, where it directed worldwide operations, including Grace Container Products. In 1953, the company became a public company via an initial public offering on the New York Stock Exchange . In 1954,

415-932: A 2019 quarterly earnings call, the CEO of FedEx named Amazon as a direct competitor, cementing the e- commerce company's growth into the field of logistics. Grace Line W. R. Grace and Co. is an American chemical business based in Columbia, Maryland . It produces specialty chemicals and specialty materials in two divisions: Grace Catalysts Technologies, which makes polyethylene and polypropylene catalysts and related products and technologies used in petrochemical , refining , and other chemical manufacturing applications, and Grace Materials and Chemicals, which makes specialty materials, including silica-based and silica-alumina-based materials, which are used in commercial products such as sunscreen and in chemical process applications. For much of its early history, Grace's main business

498-455: A United States international carrier flying down the west coast of South America. Panagra ultimately evolved into a jet carrier flying from Miami and New York to South America before merging with Braniff Airways in 1967, becoming Braniff's South American network. These routes were sold to Eastern Air Lines in 1982 and then to American Airlines in 1990. In 1945, the founder's grandson, J. Peter Grace , became president. Under his leadership,

581-560: A can sealant plant in Minhing, China, near Shanghai , becoming the first wholly foreign-owned, private company to do business in The People's Republic of China . In February 2016, Grace completed the corporate spin-off of GCP Applied Technologies . In July 2016, the company acquired a catalysts business from BASF . In June 2021, the company acquired a unit from Albemarle Corporation . In September 2021, Standard Industries acquired

664-600: A country-wide service is Australia Post. Australian Post operates quite differently to government departments, as it is government-owned enterprise focused on service delivery in a competitive market. It operates in a fully competitive market against other delivery services such as Fastway , UPS , and Transdirect . International courier services in China include TNT , EMS International , DHL , FedEx and UPS. These companies provide nominal worldwide service for both inbound and outbound shipments, connecting China to countries such as

747-461: A courier has changed; it is no longer a lengthy task of making numerous calls to different courier companies to request a quote. Booking a courier is predominantly carried out online. The courier industry has been quick to adapt to an ever-changing digital landscape, meeting the needs of mobile and desktop consumers as well as e-commerce and online retailers, offering end users access to instant online payments, parcel tracking, delivery notifications, and

830-461: A delivery deadline, loss of life from a delayed organ transplant). The courier business in Australia is a very competitive industry and is mainly concentrated in the high population areas in and around the capital cities. With such a vast mass of land to cover the courier companies tend to transport either by air or by the main transport routes and national highways. The only large company that provides

913-433: A moment's notice anywhere in the world, usually via commercial airlines. While this type of service is the second costliest— general aviation charters are far more expensive—companies analyze the cost of service to engage an on-board courier versus the "cost" the company will realize should the product not arrive by a specified time (an assembly line stopping, untimely court filing, lost sales from product or components missing

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996-436: A partnership with Juan Ceballos. The Porto Rico Line lines ran from New York to Red Hook's Atlantic Basin's Pier 35 to Puerto Rico. The Porto Rico Line was a cargo and tourists line, also Puerto Ricans migrated to New York's Red Hook, Brooklyn on the line. The Porto Rico Line was Bull's second company serving Porto Rico, his first company was started in 1873, using a small fleet of sailing packets boats. In 1900, his share in

1079-580: A practicing maritime lawyer. In 1885 Bull acquired his first ship, the SS Eva, a 4,750 dwt, cargo ship, with a British crew of 24. Starting in 1902 Bull chartered foreign ships for foreign shipping to remain profitable. In 1909 he added to his fleet, the SS Jean , a 4,800 dwt, coal cargo ship, with a German crew of 31. SS Jean was taken over by the US Navy in 1917 for World War I support and returned in 1919. Bull sold

1162-595: A separate asbestos property damage trust. In 1995, the European Patent Office (EPO) granted a patent on an anti-fungal product derived from the neem tree to the United States Department of Agriculture and W. R. Grace. The Indian government challenged the patent when it was granted, claiming that the process for which the patent had been granted had been in use in India for more than 2,000 years. In 2000,

1245-712: A shipping division. Grace Line began service in 1882, with ports of call between Peru and New York. Regular steamship service was established in 1893, with a subsidiary called the New York & Pacific Steamship Co., that operated under the British flag. Ships built outside the United States before 1905 were banned from the US registry. US-flag service began in 1912 with the Atlantic and Pacific Steamship Company. The activities of both companies and

1328-568: A variety of methods, including runners , homing pigeons and riders on horseback. Before the introduction of mechanized courier services, foot messengers physically ran miles to their destinations. Xenophon attributed the first use of couriers to the Persian prince Cyrus the Younger . Famously, the Ancient Greek courier Pheidippides is said to have run 26 miles from Marathon to Athens to bring

1411-520: A week (former USSR countries). Large couriers often require an account to be held (and this can include daily scheduled collections). Senders are therefore primarily in the commercial/industrial sector (and not the general public); some couriers such as DHL do however allow public sending (at higher cost than regular senders). In recent years, the increased popularity of Black Friday in the UK has placed some firms under operational stress. The process of booking

1494-415: Is a $ 59 billion industry, with 90% of the business shared by DHL, FedEx, UPS and USA Couriers. On the other hand, regional and/or local courier and delivery services were highly diversified and tended to be smaller operations; the top 50 firms accounted for just a third of the sector's revenues. USPS is mail or packages delivered by the government and are the only ones who can legally ship to mailboxes. In

1577-789: Is the special product of a co-operative arrangement between China Post and Alipay , which is the online payment unit of Alibaba Group . It is only available for the delivery of online purchases made using Alipay. Within the Municipality of Beijing, TongCheng KuaiDi (同城快递), also a unit of China Post, provides intra-city service using cargo bicycles . International courier services in India include DHL , FedEx , Blue Dart Express , Spicexpress and Logistics Pvt Ltd , Ekart , DTDC , VRL Courier Services , Delhivery , TNT , Amazon.com , OCS and Gati Ltd . Apart from these, several local couriers also operate across India. Almost all of these couriers can be tracked online. India Post , an undertaking by

1660-693: The Insular Line in 1914 and renamed it the Baltimore Insular Line. The Insular Line was founded in 1904 with both freight and passenger service. Insular Line was operating with the ship, SS Elizabeth, from A. H. Bull old company. The line was also called the Bull Insular Line with service between Baltimore, New York City and San Juan, Puerto Rico. Baltimore Insular Line was Bull Lines passenger operation, with homeport at Baltimore Pier 5 with service to St. Thomas and San Juan. Bull Insular Line operated

1743-705: The Jean in 1926 and the new owner renamed her SS Margarita Calafati . When the United States entered the World War I in 1917, the US had Bull Lines operate fifteen ships. Some of the ships were built by the United States Shipping Board and others acquired. The SS Evelyn (1) , a 1912 Bull passenger and freight was taken over by the US Navy in 1917 and returned to Bull in 1919. At the end of World War I were surplus cargo ships, some of these ships were assigned to Bull. At

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1826-581: The Maritime Commission and War Shipping Administration . During wartime, the Bull Lines operated Victory ships and Liberty ships . The ship was run by its Bull Line crew and the US Navy supplied United States Navy Armed Guards to man the deck guns and radio. The most common armament mounted on these merchant ships were the MK II 20mm Oerlikon autocannon and the 3"/50 , 4"/50 , and 5"/38 deck guns. Of

1909-539: The Middle Ages , royal courts maintained their own messengers who were paid little more than common labourers. In cities, there are often bicycle couriers or motorcycle couriers but for consignments requiring delivery over greater distance networks, this may often include trucks , railroads and aircraft . Many companies which operate under a just-in-time or "JIT" inventory method often use on-board couriers (OBCs). On-board couriers are individuals who can travel at

1992-588: The Peruvian government nationalized properties in Peru owned by the company. Harold Logan, Grace's executive vice president, stated the company would join in governmental-level talks over compensation of expropriated American concerns. The loss of Grace's properties in Peru began in 1969 when 25,000 acres of sugarcane plantations were taken over in agrarian reform. The sugar lands were at Paramonga , 110 miles north of Lima , and at Cartavio, near Trujillo , 200 miles farther up

2075-733: The SS Catherine . The Catherine offered overnight service between San Juan and Saint Thomas in the Virgin Islands . For World War II the Catherine was taken over by the UN Navy as the USS Stratford . In 1925, Bull purchased the SS Brazos . The Brazos was built by Newport News Shipbuilding Co. , Newport News, Virginia , in 1907, she displaced 6,576 gross tons, and was 401 feet long. In 1930

2158-638: The US , Australia , United Kingdom , and New Zealand . Of the international courier services, the Dutch company TNT is considered to have the most capable local fluency and efficacy for third- and fourth- tiered cities. EMS International is a unit of China Post, and as such is not available for shipments originating outside China. Domestic courier services include SF Express , STO Express (申通), ZTO Express (中通), YTO Express (圆通), E- EMS (E邮宝), Cainiao Express (菜鸟) and many other operators of sometimes microscopic scales. E-EMS,

2241-591: The United Mine Workers . The American Coal Shipping Company purchased the Bull Lines in 1956. In 1957 the American Coal Shipping Company added to its fleet of ships by leasing 30 Liberty ships from the US Government. Headquarters was at 17 State Street, New York City and President was W.C. Brewer. The goal was to provide a worldwide coal sales and shipping network. Many saw the partnership of

2324-469: The 1980s, W. R. Grace had owned the following restaurants: American Cafe, Del Taco , Coco's Bakery , El Torito , Hungry Tiger and various restaurants it had purchased from General Mills . In 1966, the company bought a 53% controlling stake in Miller Brewing for $ 36 million from Lorraine Mulberger, the granddaughter of Frederick Miller , who sold the stake for religious reasons. The company sold

2407-527: The Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware. The company was trying to find a resolution through federal court-supervised reorganization in response to the quickly growing number of asbestos-related bodily injury claims. On September 19, 2008, Grace filed a revised plan of reorganization to the same court, jointly with the asbestos injury claimants. In January 2011, the court issued an order in favor of

2490-556: The Bull Line had the passenger ship, SS Barbara offer service between Baltimore and San Juan. The Catherine and Barbara were the only passenger ships in the fleet at that time. The Barbara was purchased from the Grace Line , formally called SS Santa Cruz . In 1934 two new cargo ships joined the Bull fleet. The two ships were a new type, built with resembled components, which greatly reduce

2573-455: The Bull Lines to a Greek Company that closed in 1964. See also, similar role:- Empire ship , Fort ship , Park ship , Ocean ship . Courier A courier is a person or organization that delivers a message, package or letter from one place or person to another place or person. Typically, a courier provides their courier service on a commercial contract basis; however, some couriers are government or state agency employees (for example:

A. H. Bull Steamship Company - Misplaced Pages Continue

2656-534: The Bull fleet of ships to the American Coal & Shipping Inc. In 1961 most of the fleet was sold to Kulukundis Maritime Industries Inc. of New York, owned by Greek Manuel K. Kulukundis. Kulukundis purchased other ships, but by 1965 Kulukundis was bankrupt and the fleet was sold off one ship at a time. Over the 54 years of operations, the A. H. Bull Steamship Company acquired a number of other shipping companies: D. Adams & Co , also called Adams & Company

2739-658: The Colombian Line. During World War II , Grace Lines operated transport for the U.S. War Shipping Administration , including the SS Sea Marlin . J. Peter Grace took over management of the company after his father suffered a stroke in 1945. After the war, the Grace line operated 23 ships totaling 188,000 gross tons, and 14 more on bareboat charters . In 1954 the company bought Davison Chemical Company (founded by William T. Davison as Davison, Kettlewell & Company in 1832), and

2822-560: The Dewey & Almy Chemical Company (founded in 1919 by Bradley Dewey and Charles Almy). In 1960, the Grace Line, inspired by the pioneering efforts of Sea-Land Service , Matson Navigation , and Seatrain Lines , sought to begin containerizing its South American cargo operations by converting the conventional freighters Santa Eliana and Santa Leonor into fully cellular container ships . The effort

2905-606: The Greek ἀνάβασις ( anábasis , "ascent, mounting"). They were contemporary with the Greek hemeredromi , who carried their messages by foot. In Roman Britain , Rufinus made use of anabasii, as documented in Saint Jerome 's memoirs ( adv. Ruffinum , l. 3. c. 1.): "Idcircone Cereales et Anabasii tui per diversas provincias cucurrerunt, ut laudes meas legerent?" ("Is it on that account that your Cereales and Anabasii circulated through many provinces, so that they might read my praises?") In

2988-621: The Indian government, is the largest courier service with around 155 thousand branches (comprising 139 thousand (90%) in rural areas and 16 thousand (10%) in urban areas). All couriers use the PIN code or postal index number introduced by India Post to locate delivery address. Additionally, the contact number of the recipient and sender are voluntarily added on the courier for ease of locating the address. The history of courier services in Bangladesh dates back to

3071-622: The Miller stake in 1969 to Philip Morris for $ 130 million, after first cancelling an agreed-upon sale to PepsiCo for $ 120 million. This resulted in a lawsuit. The company has its headquarters in Columbia, MD , an unincorporated census-designated place in Howard County, Maryland . Although W. R. Grace commissioned the W. R. Grace Building in New York City , built in 1971, the company no longer has any offices at that location. Previously,

3154-746: The Porto Rico Line. Bull had her refurbished and renamed the SS Puerto Rico . The Puerto Rico was put on the New York City to San Juan - Dominica Republic route. The route turned out not to be profitable, due to airline competition, and in 1953 the Puerto Rico was removed from service and to the Arosa Line (Compañia Internacional Transportadora) as SS Arosa Star in 1954. This ended the Bull Lines passenger services. In 1949 other surplus cargo ships were purchased: type C2 SS Agwicomet (was Carrier Dove) and

3237-522: The SS Freeport Seam . Bull renamed the ships: SS Evelyn (2), SS Mae and SS Edith . Bull line purchased five Liberty dry cargo ships in 1948 and five cargo- reefer ship of the type C2 the: SS Wheatland , SS Golden Fleece , SS Sweepstakes , SS Duplin , and SS Woodford . The ships were put into service on the Puerto Rico routes. In 1949 Bull purchased the passenger ship, SS Borinquen from

3320-403: The UK every day. In fact, from 1988 to 2016, UK couriers were considered universally self employed, though the number of salaried couriers employed by firms has grown substantially since then. However, since the dawn of the electronic age the way in which businesses use couriers has changed dramatically. Prior to email and the ability to create PDFs, documents represented a significant proportion of

3403-504: The UK same-day courier market stems from the London Taxi companies but soon expanded into dedicated motorcycle despatch riders with the taxi companies setting up separate arms to their companies to cover the courier work. During the late 1970s small provincial and regional companies were popping up throughout the country. Today, there are many large companies offering next-day courier services. There are many 'specialist' couriers usually for

A. H. Bull Steamship Company - Misplaced Pages Continue

3486-686: The US Shipping board decided to place the five ships up for bid and Dollar Shipping Company won the bid. With no large ships for the transpacific operations, Grace sold the Pacific Mail, its registered name, and goodwill to Dollar. Now without a transpacific service, Grace did not need the six intercoastal freighters and sold them to the American Hawaiian Line . At this time, Grace formed the Panama Mail Steamship Company, to operate

3569-589: The West, making a Wells Fargo office in every camp and settlement a necessity for commerce and connections to home. Shortly afterward, the Pony Express was established to move packages more quickly than the traditional stagecoach . It illustrated the demand for timely deliveries across the nation, a concept that continued to evolve with the railroads , automobiles and interstate highways and which has emerged into today's courier industry. The courier industry in United States

3652-495: The book and film A Civil Action ) in Woburn, Massachusetts , and an Acton, Massachusetts , Superfund site. While Grace no longer makes asbestos or related products, at the time of its bankruptcy in 2001 it faced over 65,000 asbestos-related personal injury lawsuits involving over 129,000 claims. On April 2, 2001, Grace and its subsidiaries in the United States filed voluntary petitions for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy reorganization in

3735-540: The building time. The ships would be classified later for World War II construction as type C4-class ships . The new ships were the SS SS Angelina and the SS Manuela (both were sunk by Uboat in 1942). World War II ended all Bull passenger services. Bull ships were put into action to support the war effort. Three of Bull Lines ships were taken over by the US government. Bull Lines was active with charter shipping with

3818-820: The business, and in 1865 the company name was changed to Grace Brothers & Co. The company established headquarters in New York City in 1865. Working in fertilizer and machinery , the company was chartered in 1872 and incorporated in 1895. In 1904, Michael P. Grace became president after the death of William Grace. The company expanded, creating business divisions including Grace Shipping, Grace Cruise Lines, Grace Petroleum, Grace Drilling, and Grace Healthcare. Grace acquired and combined other companies to create and expand businesses such as Barilla Pasta , FAO Schwarz , Ingersoll-Rand , Roto-Rooter , Del Taco , and Cartavio Distilleries. In 1914, it created Grace National Bank . In 1928, an agreement between Grace and Pan American formed Pan American-Grace Airways (or Panagra),

3901-712: The business. However, over the past five years, documentation revenues have decreased by 50 percent. Customers are also demanding more from their courier partners. Therefore, more organisations prefer to use the services of larger organisations who are able to provide more flexibility and levels of service, which has led to another level of courier company, regional couriers. This is usually a local company which has expanded to more than one office to cover an area. Some UK couriers offer next-day services to other European countries. FedEx offers next-day air delivery to many EU countries. Cheaper 'by-road' options are also available, varying from two days' delivery time (such as France), to up to

3984-481: The coast. Grace retained small mining operations producing copper, tin, and silver, in southern Peru, about 100 miles north of Juliaca . Jose E. Flores, head of W. R. Grace S.A. Peru, closed the mining operations for Grace in Latin America when the government of Peru nationalized the remaining interests. In 1928, Grace and Pan American Airways jointly formed Pan American-Grace Airways known as Panagra, establishing

4067-417: The company acquired Davison Chemical Company and Dewey & Almy Chemical Company, entering the specialty chemicals and specialty materials industries and establishing the basis for the current product lines. In February 1981, the company announced a joint venture with Netherlands retail giant Vroom & Dreesmann , which gave its Dutch partner 50% buy-in to many of its retail stores. In 1987, Grace built

4150-512: The company had its headquarters in Boca Raton, Florida . Prior to its closing, the Boca Raton headquarters had about 130 employees. On January 27, 1999, it announced it was moving its administrative staff to the Columbia office and closing the Boca Raton headquarters. About 40 of the employees went to Columbia, and some employees went to Cambridge, Massachusetts . In 2014, the company emerged from

4233-855: The company owned the country's largest oil-drilling fleet, ran the world's largest cattle ranch and the world's largest cocoa bean company, sugar plantations in Peru, cotton mills in Chile, silver, clay, phosphate, tin mines and processed rare earths for the US nuclear arms program. Grace owned a food group that operated 900 chain restaurant locations, and a retail division with chains for sporting goods, home improvement, jewelry, aftermarket automotive parts and leather goods. The company operated fertilizer companies, confectioners and beverage companies, including Miller Brewing . Grace pioneered genetic engineering at its Agricetus division in Wisconsin, and human gene therapy at its Aurigent Pharmaceuticals group. The company constructed

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4316-431: The company was purchased by his partners in a hostile takeover . Has part of the agreement Bull had to agree not to run steamers to Puerto Rico for 10 years, till 1910. In 1902 Archibald H. Bull founded the A. H. Bull Steamship Company. Bull Steamship's next family President was Bull's son Ernest Miller Bull (1875-1943) in 1920. The next family President was Edward Mryon Bull (1904-1953) in 1942, third generation. He took

4399-689: The company. There are two accounts of the incorporation date of W. R. Grace & Co. According to The New York Times , the company was incorporated as part of the estate and successor planning in 1895. The three brothers consolidated most of their holdings into a new private company, incorporated in West Virginia , called W. R. Grace & Company. The consolidation involved W. R. Grace & Co. of New York, Grace Brothers & Co. of Lima, Peru, Grace & Co. of Valparaiso Chile , William R. Grace & Co. of London, and J. W. Grace & Co of San Francisco. According to its website, W. R. Grace & Co.

4482-518: The convenience of door to door collection and delivery to almost any destination in the world. The courier industry has long held an important place in United States commerce and has been involved in pivotal moments in the nation's history such as westward migration and the gold rush . Wells Fargo was founded in 1852 and rapidly became the preeminent package delivery company. The company specialised in shipping gold, packages and newspapers throughout

4565-518: The cost. Courier services operate on all scales, from within specific towns or cities, to regional, national and global services. Large courier companies include DHL , DTDC , FedEx , EMS International , TNT , UPS , India Post , J&T Express and Aramex . These offer services worldwide, typically via a hub and spoke model. Couriers services utilizing courier software provide electronic proof of delivery and electronic tracking details. In ancient history, messages were hand-delivered using

4648-1056: The country's logistics and trade networks. Couriers that operate across Bangladesh include Sundarban Courier Service (40% market share), SA Paribahan , Pathao Courier , e-dak Courier , RedX , Sheba Delivery , Janani Express Parcel Service , Delivery Tiger , eCourier , Karatoa Courier Service , Sonar Courier . Almost all of these couriers can be tracked online. Also international courier services in Bangladesh include DHL , FedEx , United Express , Royale International Bangladesh , DSL Worldwide Courier Service , Aramex , Pos Laju , J&T Express , and Amazon.com . International courier services in Malaysia include DHL , FedEx , Pgeon , Skynet Express , ABX Express , GDex , Pos Laju , J&T Express , and Amazon.com . Apart from these, several local couriers also operate across Malaysia. Almost all of these couriers can be tracked online. The main courier services available in Ireland as alternatives to

4731-615: The end of World War I Bull started service to the eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea and to the Azores , Canary Islands , and West Africa till 1924. In 1924 new service was added to South Africa and East Africa till 1927. In 1927 service moved to the US Atlantic coastal ports and the West Indies . In 1923, Bull's first passenger ship was a converted 2,286-ton lake freighter cargo ship

4814-546: The first air link between North and South America, which began operation in 1929. In 1967, Panagra merged with Braniff International Airways . Prior to 1985, W. R. Grace operated a retail division. Among its brands were Orchard Supply Hardware and Home Centers West (sold to Wickes Companies in 1986), Handy City home improvement stores, Home Quarters Warehouse , J. B. Robinson Jewelers , Sheplers Western Wear, and Herman's World of Sporting Goods which it had acquired in 1970. These were sold to various buyers in 1985. In

4897-553: The growing sugar industry there. By 1930 Bull was operating most of the sugar cargo out of Puerto Rico Bull purchased the small Baltimore Carolina line , also called the Weems Line from the Baltimore & Carolina Steamship Company in 1929 and it became a subsidiary of Bull. Baltimore Carolina line served the ports of Baltimore, Philadelphia and Miami with two ships the: SS Esther Weems and SS Mary Weems . Weems Line other shipers were the: William F Romer (1890-1916), Lancaster (1924–1928). Captain George Weems (?-n 1874)started

4980-463: The late 1970s when private companies started offering delivery and parcel services. These companies played a crucial role in facilitating the movement of documents and goods within the country. Over the years, the courier industry in Bangladesh has grown significantly, adapting to changes in technology and expanding its services to include international shipments. Today, various local and international courier companies operate in Bangladesh, contributing to

5063-475: The line (also called the Weems Steamboat Company ) in 1817 with the steamboat Surprise , then the steamboat Eagle (had boiler explosion in 1824), and then Patuxent . Weems son's became Captains: George Weems, Jr. Mason L. Weems; and Theodore Weems. More ships were added George Weems 1858 (fire 1871), Theodore Weems 1872, L. Weems 1881, Matilda , Wenonah , Essex , Potomac, Ann Arundel, Calvert, Westmoreland, Caroline and St. Mary's (fire 1907). Weems Line

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5146-437: The national An Post system are Parcel Direct Ireland , DHL , UPS, TNT , DPD and FedEx. There are several international courier companies in Singapore including TNT, DHL and FedEx. Despite being a small country, the demand for courier services is high. Many local courier companies have sprung up to meet this demand. Most courier companies in Singapore focus on local deliveries instead of international freight. The genus of

5229-466: The new plan and in January 2012, the court denied all appeals and affirmed the plan. After a motion for reconsideration, the plan was reaffirmed on June 11, 2012. On February 3, 2014, Grace emerged from the asbestos-related Chapter 11 bankruptcy, which took more than 12 years. Under the plan of reorganization approved by the court, all parties filings the asbestos-related claims were to direct their inquiry to either an asbestos personal injury trust or

5312-525: The news of the Greek victory over the Persians in 490 BCE. The long-distance race known as a marathon is named for this run. Judah's king, Hezekiah, dates between 200 and 400 BCE, where several couriers brought letters throughout the land of Judah and Israel (cf. 2 Chron 30 ESV). Starting at the time of Augustus , the ancient Greeks and Romans made use of a class of horse and chariot -mounted couriers called anabasii to quickly bring messages and commands from long distances. The word anabasii comes from

5395-436: The parent firm were consolidated into the Grace Steamship Company beginning in 1916. The firm originally specialized in traffic to the west coast of South America then later expanded into the Caribbean. In 1916, Grace acquired a controlling interest in the Pacific Mail Steamship Company . In 1921, Pacific received five 535 ft. President class ships from the United States Shipping Board for transpacific operation. In 1923,

5478-420: The reins of the company after practicing as a maritime lawyer. In 1956 the company was sold to the American Coal Shipping Company. In 1961 American Coal sold the Bull Line to a Greek company that went into bankruptcy in 1964. Heir apparent, Edward M. Bull, Jr., left the East Coast, and practiced as a maritime lawyer for a time in San Francisco. His son, Edward M. Bull III, continued in the maritime industry, also

5561-428: The same ship negated the operating economies that full containerization promised. In 1970, Grace Line was sold to Prudential Lines for $ 44.5 million, with the merged company renamed Prudential Grace Line. It was taken over by Delta Steamship Lines in 1978, thereby extinguishing the name Grace in ocean shipping. Subsequently, Delta Steamship Lines was acquired and consolidated by Crowley Maritime in 1982. In 1974,

5644-605: The ships operated by the Bull Lines 19 ships were lost to German U-Boats, beginning with the loss of the SS Major Wheeler with all hands (35) on February 6, 1942. Bull Lines had lost 14 ships to U-boats by the end of the summer of 1942, and lost its last ship, the SS Delisle in October 1943. Over 275 crew were lost during the war aboard Bull Line ships. . At the war's end in 1945, Bull Line had 19 ships in her fleet. By 1947 there were many surplus cargo ships up for sale at low cost. Bull line purchased three Liberty ships operating as colliers the: SS Powellton Seam , SS Chilton Seam and

5727-404: The ships: Carolyn, Delfina, Delisle, Governor John Lind, Major Wheeler and Marina (1) . Only the Marina (1), Carolyn and Governor John Lind survived World War II, the three others were sunk by U-Boats . During World War II Pier 5 was damaged by German torpedoes. 39°17′04″N 76°36′22″W  /  39.284397°N 76.606028°W  / 39.284397; -76.606028 Ericsson Line

5810-409: The smaller ships that were formerly owned and used by the Pacific Mail in the Central American trade. These ships were not involved in the sale to Dollar. On the death of William R. Grace in 1904, he was succeeded by William L. Sauders as company president followed by Joseph Peter Grace, Sr. (1872–1950) who became president in 1907. In 1938 the Colombian Line merged with Grace Line bringing an end to

5893-424: The ss Cinch Knot a C1-M-AV1 ship. In 1951 bull purchased two additional dry cargo Liberty ships. In Bull Line purchased two more type C2 ship from the New York & Cuba Mail SS Co. in 1954. In late 1950s came the more cost-effective loading and unloading system, container shipping . The vast Bull Line fleet, now aged and on an obsolete system, put the company in decline. So, in 1956 Archibald H. Bull's heirs sold

5976-490: The transportation of items such as freight/pallets, sensitive documents and liquids. The 'Man & Van'/Freelance courier business model, is highly popular in the United Kingdom, with thousands upon thousands of independent couriers and localised companies, offering next-day and same day services. This is likely to be so popular because of the low business requirements (a vehicle) and the lucrative number of items sent within

6059-465: The union and a company as a conflicts of interest , as the union held 33% interest ($ 3.4 million) of the company, paid with union dues. John Sylvester Routh was the director of the company. The union membership status of the ship's seaman became a major issue for the union. American Coal Shipping Company had 45 ships at its peak but was not able to put all of them into operations due to union issues and court cases. In 1961 American Coal Shipping Company sold

6142-413: Was a co-executor of the estate of Michael Grace with William's son and corporate successor, Joseph Peter Grace, Sr. . J. Louis Schaefer died in 1927. For most of its history, Grace's main business was cargo shipping, operating the Grace Line . To move cargo from Peru to North America and Europe , including guano and sugar , and noticing the need for other goods to be traded, William Grace founded

6225-558: Was a subsidiary of the Bull Lines, when Captain Duke Adams became the manager of the Bull's Baltimore office, Adams renamed the company in the early 1920s. In 1925 Adams also became the leader of the Baltimore Insular Line in Baltimore. The name changed back when Adams stepped down. Puerto Rico-American steamship Company was purchased in June 1925 by Bull Lines. Puerto Rico-American steamship Company

6308-543: Was founded in 1854 in Peru by William Russell Grace at the age of 22. Grace left Ireland during the Great Famine and traveled to South America with his family. He went first to Peru to work as a ship chandler for the firm of Bryce and Company, to the merchantmen harvesting guano , used as a fertilizer and gunpowder ingredient due to its high levels of phosphorus and nitrogen. His brother, Michael P. Grace , joined

6391-869: Was in South America, in maritime shipping , railroads, agriculture, and silver mining, with 30,000 employees in Peru. In the 1950s, Grace began to diversify and grew into a Fortune 100 worldwide conglomerate . After emerging from a prolonged bankruptcy period of 12 years in 2014, the company spun off its other major operating divisions. In 2015, Grace separated into two independent public companies. Its Catalysts and Material Technologies business segments remained in Grace, and what would later become GCP Applied Technologies Inc. held its Construction Products and Darex Packaging Technologies businesses. In September 2021, Standard Industries acquired Grace (the Catalysts and Material Technologies business segments). The company

6474-608: Was incorporated in Connecticut in 1899. The listed capital of $ 6 million did not include Grace Brothers & Co. Limited in London or its branches in San Francisco, Lima, and Callao, Peru , nor Valparaiso, Santiago, and Concepción, Chile . J. Louis Schaefer, who joined the company as a boy, played a key role in not only W. R. Grace & Company, in which he became a vice president, but also as president of Grace National Bank . Schaefer

6557-674: Was named after John Ericsson (1803-1889), the Swedish-American inventor of the screw propeller . Blue Lines ships: Baltimore Insular Line Inc. ships: Ships operated by Bull Lines for World War II under the United States Merchant Marine . The ships were owned by the War Shipping Administration and operated by Bull Lines. The American Coal Shipping Company was a joint enterprise formed in 1955, made up of three railroad companies, seven coal companies, and

6640-533: Was run by John Light. After purchase Light moved to the Baltimore Insular Line New York office. The Puerto Rico-American steamship Company was founded by J. B. Wright. Some accused Bull Lines of unfair competition, for buying up all the completion to Puerto Rico . Bull ran lines from Baltimore, Philadelphia, and Norfolk, Virginia to Puerto Rico. Later the ports of Charleston, Jacksonville, Florida , and Savannah, Georgia were added. The line serviced

6723-577: Was sold to M.D. & V. in 1905. Clyde-Mallory Line was purchased in 1934 by the Bull Lines. The Clyde-Mallory Line was formed when the Mallory Line merged with Clyde Line . The Clyde-Mallory Line was closed and the fleet became part of the Bull fleet. Clyde-Mallory Lines main ports were: Jacksonville, New York, Miami, Boston, Wilmington, Charleston, Key West, Galveston, Tampa, New Orleans and Mobile. Baltimore Insular Line and Bull Insular were subsidiary of A. H. Bull & Company. A. H. Bull purchased

6806-536: Was stymied by the opposition of longshoremen in New York and Venezuela, and the ships were repeatedly laid up idle and were ultimately sold to the domestic container line Sea-Land Service in 1964. In 1963 Grace made a second attempt to containerize its South American trade when it ordered the four M-class combination passenger-cargo ships Santa Magdalaena , Santa Maria , Santa Mariana, and Santa Mercedes with partial cellular holds, but they were no more successful as mixing conventional break-bulk cargo and containers in

6889-795: Was subsidiary of A. H. Bull & Company starting in 1931. The line was started by the Baltimore and Philadelphia Steamboat Company , founded on February 23, 1844. The ships on the line had narrow propeller ships, rather than the wider steam paddle ships of the time. Erricson Line had passenger and freight daily service between Philadelphia and Baltimore, via the Chesapeake & Delaware Canal from 1926 to 1936. The line had stops in Cecil County: Reybold's Wharf, Town Point and Chesapeake City . The company had run cargo ship starting in 1829 and added passenger boats in 1838, then incorporated in 1844. The line

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