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51-713: Bukittinggi used to be known as Fort de Kock and was once dubbed as ' Parijs van Sumatera '. The city was the capital of Indonesia during the Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia (PDRI). Before it became the capital of PDRI, the city was a centre of government at the time of the Dutch East Indies and during the Japanese colonial period. Bukittinggi is also known as a leading tourist city in West Sumatra. It

102-555: A coastline of 68.126 km on the mainland of Sumatra. In addition, there are also 19 small islands, including Sikuai Island with an area of 4.4  ha in Bungus Teluk Kabung District, and Toran Island covering 25 ha and Pisang Gadang Island in Padang Selatan District. Padang features a tropical rainforest climate under Köppen's climate classification . Since this tropical rainforest climate

153-545: A model, but without a dedicated lane and comfortable shelters. Today Trans Padang runs only from Lubuk Buaya to Pasar Raya, a distance of 18 km, with a fleet of 10 large buses (capacity 60) and 15 medium buses (capacity 40). Daily passengers number 7,000, an increase from the initial ridership of 4,000. The load factor is 128% in the morning and evening rush hours. The city is served by the newly opened Minangkabau International Airport in Ketaping, Padang Pariaman . It replaces

204-731: A province called Central Sumatra, which encompassed West Sumatra , Riau and Jambi . In February 1958, during a revolt in Sumatra against the Indonesian government, rebels proclaimed the Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia (PRRI) in Bukittinggi. The Indonesian government had recaptured the town by May the same year. A group of Muslim men had planned to bomb a cafe in the city frequented by foreign tourists in October 2007, but

255-592: A result of an earthquake , estimated to be 8.6–8.9  M w , which occurred off Bengkulu . The shaking caused considerable damage in Padang, and due to the tsunami boats moored in the Arau river broke their anchors and were scattered. In 1837, the Dutch East Indies government made Padang the seat of government of the West Coast of Sumatra (Sumatra's Westkust) which included present-day West Sumatra and Tapanuli . Subsequently

306-755: A trade centre since the 16th century, having been controlled by the Pagaruyung Kingdom and the Aceh Sultanate . During the 16th and 17th centuries, pepper was cultivated and traded with India, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands. In 1663, the city came under the authority of the Dutch and a trading post was built in 1680. The city came under the British Empire twice, firstly from 1781 to 1784 during

357-497: A trading center since the pre-colonial era, in both pepper and gold. The Dutch made contact with the city in the mid 17th century, eventually constructing a fortress and taking over control of the city from the Pagaruyung Kingdom . Save for several interruptions of British rule, Padang remained part of the Dutch East Indies as one of its major cities until Indonesian independence. In 1906, Padang, along with Palembang , became

408-473: A treat in the evening. Padang is a common transit point for surfers travelling to Batu Islands and Mentawai Islands , and for tourists visiting the West Sumatran highlands. Padang beach (known as Taplau or Tapi Lauik) which located from Samudra Street until Puruih, is known for its sunsets and food stalls. Kuranji River flows in Padang and on top area of the river at Batu Busuk, Lambung Bukit sub-district

459-495: Is also located in the city centre. St. Leo Monastery features a mixture of traditional Minang architecture on its bell tower roofing and Dutch architecture on the church building, is one of the oldest churches in Padang. Along the beachside road, just down from the Tourist Information office is a Buddhist Temple, Vihara Buddha Warman, opened in 2006 for the large Chinese Buddhist community. Air Manis Beach, sweet water beach

510-469: Is by motorbike, car or by foot (trekkings). Attractions within the city include: Notable nearby destinations include Lake Maninjau , Lake Tarusan, Kamang Cave, and Tarang Cave. Fort de Kock Fort de Kock was a 19th-century Dutch sconce fortification established over a hill in Bukittinggi , West Sumatra , Indonesia. Around the fortification, a new settlement grew, which eventually grew into

561-399: Is left. It is served in small portions of various dishes, but constituting, with rice, a complete meal. Customers take – and pay for – only what they want from this array of dishes. The best known Padang dish is rendang , a spicy meat stew. Soto Padang (crispy beef in spicy soup) is local residents' breakfast favourite, meanwhile sate (beef satay in curry sauce served with ketupat ) is

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612-661: Is located 10 km south of Padang, location of the legendary Malin Kundang Stone. The rock formations are found which resemble ship wrecks. Across from the Arau River is the Siti Nurbaya Park which can reached by bridge or boat. There are still remains of Japanese cannons and bunkers from World War II. There are great views of Padang city, Arau River and the Indian Ocean . Bung Hatta Nature Reserve ( Taman Hutan Raya Bung Hatta )

663-477: Is located on the west coast of the island of Sumatra , with a total area of 694.96 km , equivalent to 1.65% of the area of West Sumatra. More than 60% of the area of Padang is in the form of hills covered by protection forests . Only around 205.007 km of the territory is an urban area. The hills stretch in the east and south of the city. The notable hills in Padang include Lampu Hill, Mount Padang, Gado-Gado Hill, and Pegambiran Hill. The city of Padang has

714-504: Is more subject to the Intertropical Convergence Zone than the trade winds and cyclones are very rare, it is equatorial. Padang is one of Indonesia's wettest cities, with frequent rainfall throughout the course of the year. The city averages roughly 4300 mm of rain per year. Padang's driest month is February, where 250 mm of precipitation on average is observed. The city temperatures are relatively constant throughout

765-441: Is situated 18 km east of the city, with diverse flora and fauna including a few Sumatran tigers , tapirs , wild goats , bears , as well as Raflesia Gaduansi, Balangphora, and Amorphopalus. Padang is the hometown of the football team Semen Padang , with Haji Agus Salim Stadium being the home stadium of the club. Padang also is home to an annual international professional road bicycle racing— Tour de Singkarak —and once host

816-730: Is suitable for white water activities. Bungus bay, to the south of Padang, is suitable for swimming and boating. There are some offshore islands near Bungus, such as Sikuai island and Pagang island. Currently, Regional Development Planning Board (Bappeda) of Padang has established development plans "Padang Old City" in Kampung Pondok, South Padang district as a tourist area. Mayor of Padang has been designate 73 historic buildings as cultural heritage of Padang. There are many old buildings in Padang that still retain their Dutch and Chinese architecture . The old city of Padang, located next to Muaro Harbor at Arau River, which formerly functioned as

867-715: Is twinned with Seremban in Negeri Sembilan , Malaysia . The Jam Gadang , a clock tower located in the heart of the city, is a symbol for the city and a well-visited tourist spot. The city is the birthplace of Mohammad Hatta , Indonesian co-proclamator and Assaat , then Indonesian (acting) president. Koto Gadang, a village in the southwest of the city, produces an abundance of statesmen, ministers, doctors, economist, artist and scholars who make great contribution to Indonesia, including Sutan Sjahrir , Agus Salim , Bahder Djohan , Rohana Kudus , Emil Salim , and Dr. Syahrir . The city has its origins in five villages that served as

918-537: The Qur'an . Municipal employees are required to pay zakat . The city of Padang is divided into eleven districts ( kecamatan ), listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census and the 2020 Census together with the official estimates as of mid 2023. The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative urban villages ( kelurahan ) in each district, and its post codes. As of 2017, Padang had received

969-644: The Fourth Anglo-Dutch War and again from 1795 to 1819 during the Napoleonic Wars . In 1819 the city was transferred back to the Netherlands. Up to circa 1780 the most important trade product was gold originating from gold mines in the region. When the mines were exhausted, the focus turned to other products such as coffee, salts, and textiles. In 1797 Padang was inundated by a tsunami with an estimated flow depth of 5–10 metres, following an earthquake , estimated to be 8.5–8.7  M w , which occurred off

1020-720: The Japanese occupation of West Sumatra in World War II , the city was the headquarters for the Japanese 25th Army, the force that occupied Sumatra . The headquarters was moved to the city in April 1943 from Singapore and remained until the Japanese surrender in August 1945. During the Indonesian National Revolution , the city saw a failed coup attempt by Islamist militias against the Indonesian republican government in 1947. During

1071-509: The Limpapeh suspension bridge . 0°18′1″S 100°22′4″E  /  0.30028°S 100.36778°E  / -0.30028; 100.36778 Padang, Indonesia Padang ( Indonesian pronunciation: [ˈpadaŋ] ) is the capital and largest city of the Indonesian province of West Sumatra . It had a population of 833,562 at the 2010 Census and 909,040 at the 2020 Census;

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1122-547: The Netherlands . On 29 April 2013 a new container terminal was officially opened by West Sumatra Governor which can hold more than 4,000 containers in 46,886 square-meter area. The port is the main gateway to the Mentawai islands , including Siberut , Sipora , and South Pagai . There are also ferry connections between Padang to Jakarta and Sibolga next to Gunung Sitoli ( Nias ). West Sumatra administration has secured lands for

1173-1090: The State University of Padang . Andalas University is the oldest university in Indonesia outside of Java. The main campus is located at Limau Manis, about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from the centre of Padang. The Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Dentistry are located in the city centre, near the Central General Hospital M. Djamil. State University of Padang located in Air Tawar. The other universities in Padang are Imam Bonjol State Islamic University, Padang Technology Institute in Lapai, Bung Hatta University in Ulak Karang, Baiturrahmah University in Air Pacah, Putra Indonesia YPTK University, Ekasakti University, West Sumatra Muhammadiyah University, and Tamansiswa University. Padang

1224-488: The "Adipura" (cleanest and greenest city) award in the category of large city 18 times and the "Adipura Kencana" award three times. The cuisine of the Minangkabau people is commonly called Padang cuisine . Padang restaurants are common throughout the country and are famous for their spicy food. Padang food is usually cooked once per day, and all customers choose from those dishes, which are left out on display until no food

1275-464: The 1940s, the city had around 50,000 inhabitants. Coffee was still important, but copra was also a major item produced by farmers in its hinterland. Since then, the population growth has been partly a result of growth in the area of the city, but largely a result of the migration to major cities seen in so many developing nations. From 1950 the Ombilin coal field developed with Padang as its outlet port. This

1326-464: The 2010 Census and the 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023. The table also includes the numbers of villages within each district. Bukittinggi is connected to Padang by road. Up until early 1980s, there was a railway service from Padang Panjang that used to serve the city. For inner-city transport, Bukittinggi employs a public transportation system known as "Mersi" (Merapi Singgalang) and "IKABE" that connect locations within

1377-486: The Anai Gorge, easing troop movements, cutting the costs of transportation and providing an economic stimulus for the agricultural economy. In 1856 a teacher-training college ( Kweekschool ) was founded in the city, the first in Sumatra, as part of a policy to provide education opportunities to the indigenous population. A rail line connecting the city with Payakumbuh and Padang was constructed between 1891 and 1894. During

1428-538: The Dutch Indies. It was simply called the Sterrenschans (star-shaped sconce) because of its shape, but later was named Fort de Kock after de Kock himself. The main purpose of the fortification was to provide a defensive point to protect the five adat villages surrounding the hill against possible rising from the padris, especially since the start of a decade long Padri War . The Dutch were given permission to build

1479-408: The Dutch built another set of forts to increase control of the region. Bukit Sarang Gagak , Bukit Tambun Tulang , Bukit Cubadak Bungkuak , and Bukit Malambung were taken over by the Dutch. The increasing defensive points allow the Dutch to develop a new colonial government with government offices, a cemetery complex, a market, schools, and recreation area. Eventually this grew into a new city, named

1530-524: The Fourth International Traditional ( Dragonboat ) Festival. The oldest newspaper in the Padang region is Harian Haluan . Several other newspapers such as Padang Ekspres and Pos Metro Padang are also available. The privately owned Padang TV are the local TV stations based in Padang. The public TVRI West Sumatra is also covered the city. The TransPadang bus rapid transit service was developed used Jakarta's TransJakarta system as

1581-464: The airport to the city center with a train service . A terminal expansion (Phase II) has been announced with the rendering already released on the Angkasa Pura 2 website. Padang's Teluk Bayur harbour (the former Emmahaven Port) is the largest and busiest harbour on the west coast of Sumatra . It serves inter-island as well as international routes. It was built in 1888 by the colonial government of

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1632-533: The basis for a marketplace. It was known as Fort de Kock in colonial times in reference to the Dutch outpost established here in 1825 during the Padri War . The fort was founded by Captain Bauer at the top of Jirek hill and later named after the then Lieutenant Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies , Hendrik Merkus de Kock . The first road connecting the region with the west coast was built between 1833 and 1841 via

1683-401: The city became a gemeente area since 1 April 1906 after the issuance of an ordinance (STAL 1906 No.151) on 1 March 1906. Until World War II , Padang was one of the five largest port cities in Indonesia, apart from Jakarta, Surabaya, Medan, and Makassar. The population of Padang in 1920 was 28,754, making it the second largest city in Sumatra after Palembang. At the time of independence in

1734-513: The city of Bukittinggi , the second largest city in West Sumatra . Although the remnants of the mound and some cannons can still be seen, the original buildings on top of the sconce have been demolished. Fort de Kock was established by Captain Bouer in 1825 during the governorship of Baron Hendrik Merkus de Kock when he was the commander of Dutch forces ("Commandant der Troepen") and vice governor of

1785-425: The city's main commercial avenue. The old city was the former business district of Padang, there are many important buildings such as Padang City Hall, De Javasche bank (present-day Bank Indonesia ), Nederlandsche Spaarbank, Geo Wehry & Co, Escompto Maatschappij Office, warehouses, and merchant houses. There are several historic places such as Adityawarman Museum which specialises in the history and culture of

1836-407: The city. The city preserves the traditional horse-cart widely known in the area as Bendi , although the use is limited and more popular with tourists, both domestic and foreign. It is a city popular with tourists due to the climate and central location. Bukittinggi is also a popular shopping destination due to cheap textile and fashion products, especially for Malaysian . Best way to see Bukittinggi

1887-411: The coast. The shaking caused considerable damage and the deaths of two people, while the tsunami resulted in several houses being washed away and several deaths at the village of Air Manis. Boats moored in the Arau river ended up on dry land, including a 200-ton sailing ship which was deposited about 1 kilometre upstream. In 1833 another tsunami inundated Padang with an estimated flow depth of 3–4 metres as

1938-523: The construction of a 28-kilometres toll road between Padang and Sicincin district with about Rp.1.3 trillion ($ 141.7 million) investment. It is a part of Padang-Pekanbaru toll road with a total length of 244 kilometres. 80 percent of the land with a width of 30 metres has been acquired, but they will acquire more land to meet an ideal width of 50 metres. The construction project has officially began in February 2018. Railroad tracks connect Padang to Pariaman to

1989-406: The fate of Indonesia. After the Japanese were able to control the situation, the city was then used as an administrative city for development and public works during their occupation of West Sumatra . On 30 September 2009, a 7.9 magnitude earthquake hit about 50 kilometres off the coast of Padang. There were more than 1,100 fatalities, 313 of which occurred within Padang. The city of Padang

2040-452: The first populated places in Sumatra to achieve city status ( gemeente ). [REDACTED] Dutch East India (1663–1781) [REDACTED] British Empire (1781–1784) [REDACTED] Dutch East India (1784–1795) [REDACTED] British Empire (1795–1819) [REDACTED] Dutch East Indies (1819–1942) [REDACTED] Japanese occupation (1942–1945) [REDACTED] Republic of Indonesia (1945– present ) Padang has been

2091-428: The fort on Bukit Jirek ("Jirek Hill") by the adat s. The adats includes all indigenous, pre-Islamic religious practices and social traditions in local custom. The Padri movement, who had formed during the early 19th century, sought to suppress the adats because the adats are viewed as unislamic. After years of conflict, the Dutch and the adats won the war. Following the construction of Fort de Kock on Bukit Jirek ,

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2142-452: The local Minangkabau ethnic group, and the main exhibits are housed within a Rumah Gadang style building. Grand Mosque of West Sumatra, a new modern large mosque that is built with Minangkabau architecture. The Mosque is located on Jalan Khatib Sulaiman, city centre of Padang. Ganting Grand Mosque , the oldest mosque in Padang and one of the oldest in Indonesia, is a popular tourist attraction. Muhammadan Mosque, founded by Indian merchant ,

2193-541: The moats and 19th-century cannons which are now installed on top of the building. The 2002 refurbishment of the Jirk Hill by the regional government of West Sumatra has transformed the area into a leisure park known as Bukittinggi City Park and Tropical Bird Park. On a different hill near Bukit Jirek is the Bukittinggi Zoo ( Taman Bundo Kanduang ) and Museum Rumah Adat Baanjuang ; both can be accessed from Fort de Kock via

2244-559: The north, Padangpanjang to the northeast, Solok and Sawahlunto to the east. The largest train station is Padang Station , known as Simpang Haru station. Sibinuang and Dang Tuanku provides the trip services from Padang (Simpang Haru) to Pariaman vice versa. Government and the people of Hill Pangilun has agreed to make Mount Pangilun as tsunami shelter. Better road access to the hill will be built, as well as temporary shelters, including their facilities. There are two institutes of higher education in Padang, i.e. Andalas University and

2295-453: The official estimate as at mid 2023 was 942,938 - comprising 473,089 males and 469,849 females. It is the 16th most populous city in Indonesia and the most populous city on the west coast of Sumatra . The Padang metropolitan area is the third most populous metropolitan area in Sumatra with a population of over 1.7 million. Padang is widely known for its Minangkabau culture , cuisine , and sunset beaches. The city had historically been

2346-399: The old Tabing Airport , which is currently used as a military base. There is one terminal building for both international and domestic flights. The airport has 4 aerobridges, 17 check-in counters, 5 baggage conveyors, and 9 ticket sales counters. In late 2013, the runway was lengthened by 250 metres so that it could accommodate Boeing 747 and Airbus A340 planes. There is also a connection from

2397-527: The plot was aborted due to the risk of killing Muslim individuals in the vicinity. Since 2008, the city administration has banned Valentine's Day and New Year 's celebrations as they consider them not in line with Minangkabau traditions or Islam that can lead to "immoral acts" such as young couples hugging and kissing. Bukittinggi is divided into three districts ( kecamatan ), which are further divided into 24 urban villages ( kelurahan ). The districts are tabulated below with their areas and their populations at

2448-419: The same as the original fort, Fort de Kock. After the independence of Indonesia, the city was renamed Bukittinggi . On the centre of the mound where Fort de Kock used to be is a 20-metre height, white-green painted maintenance building of a radio antenna. A deck on top of the building provide vantage point of the city of Bukittinggi. There is little remaining of the original building on the fort but parts of

2499-452: The second 'Police Action' Dutch forces invaded and occupied the city on 22 December 1948, having earlier bombed it in preparation. The city was surrendered to Republican officials in December 1949 after the Dutch government recognised Indonesian sovereignty. The city was officially renamed Bukittinggi in 1949, replacing its colonial name. From 1950 until 1957, Bukittinggi was the capital city of

2550-552: The year, with an average of 26 degrees Celsius. Padang has 21 rivers, with the longest being Batang Kandis with a length of 20 km. In 1980 two-thirds of the city was flooded because the city's drainage which primarily empties to Batang Arau could not contain the water. By 2007 the city government began a number of religiously motivated policies. One requires females of all religious backgrounds who are municipal employees and students in government schools to wear jilbab (hijab), and high school students now take classes on reading

2601-473: Was seen by some observers as reflecting the economic and political colonisation of Indonesia. Upon the entry of the Japanese army on 17 March 1942, Padang was abandoned by the Dutch due to their panic. At the same time, Sukarno was detained in the city because the Dutch at that time wanted to take him with them to escape to Australia . Then the commander of the Japanese Army for Sumatra met him to negotiate

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