Bukit Tigapuluh National Park (also called Bukit Tiga Puluh and Bukit Tigapulah ) - The Thirty Hills - is a 143,223-hectare National Park in eastern Sumatra , consisting primarily of tropical lowland forest, largely in Riau province, with a smaller part of 33,000 ha in Jambi province. It is famous as one of the last refuges of endangered species such as the Sumatran orangutan , Sumatran tiger , Sumatran elephant , and Asian tapir , as well as many endangered bird species. It forms part of the Tesso Nilo Complex biodiversity hotspot. The Park is inhabited by the indigenous peoples of the Orang Rimba and Talang Mamak tribes.
17-467: The Park itself has been under consistent threat from illegal logging and palm oil plantations, with two-thirds of the park logged. Ecosystem types within the Park include lowland and highland forests, with flora such as Gutta-percha , Shorea , Alstonia scholaris , Dyera costulata , Koompassia excelsa , Rafflesia hasseltii , Calamus draco , and various other kinds of rattan . According to
34-830: A 1994 survey, Bukit Tigapuluh National Park has 59 species of mammal, including six species of primate and 18 species of bat, in addition to 198 species of bird and various species of butterfly. Mammals include Sumatran orangutan , Sumatran tiger , Sumatran elephant , Asian tapir , sun bear , siamang , crab-eating macaque , Sumatran surili , Sunda loris , clouded leopard , leopard cat , marbled cat , dhole , Malayan civet , Indian muntjac , Sumatran serow and Java mouse-deer . Bird species include great argus , little green-pigeon , white-rumped shama , white-bellied woodpecker , crested serpent-eagle , Hill myna , helmeted hornbill , wrinkled hornbill , white-winged wood duck , Storm's stork , garnet pitta and grey-breasted babbler . The Park also has an important role in protecting
51-600: A mother playing with cubs. Subsequently, the organisation intensified its campaign against the planned logging of the area. Although the Indonesian government agreed in 2010 to implement a 2-years moratorium on new forest clearance, the presidential regulation that imposes the moratorium was only signed in May 2011. None of the Bukit Tigapuluh landscape is covered by the moratorium and Asia Pulp & Paper plans to clear large areas of
68-590: Is a collaborative project involving Indonesian NGO Yayasan Ekosistem Lestari (YEL) - as the main implementer in Indonesia, its Swiss partner the PanEco Foundation, and the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry’s Directorate General of Natural Resource and Ecosystem Conservation (Ditjen KSDAE) , under several Memoranda of Understanding ( MoU ) starting in 1999. The SOCP deals with all aspects of
85-544: The Jantho Pine Forest Nature Reserve in Aceh province. The goal at both locations is to establish entirely new, self-sustaining and genetically viable populations of this Critically Endangered species in forests within their historical range, as a 'safety net' should catastrophe befall the remaining truly wild Sumatran orangutan populations. The SOCP also manages several other field conservation projects across
102-660: The conservation of the Critically Endangered Sumatran orangutan ( Pongo abelii ) and the 2017 newly identified species of orangutan, the Tapanuli orangutan ( Pongo tapanuliensis ) , including: a. the confiscation of illegal captive orangutans, their quarantine and reintroduction to form new wild populations, b. education and awareness raising, c. behavioral and ecological research on wild orangutans, d. surveys and monitoring of remaining wild orangutan populations and habitat, and e. habitat protection. Built in 2001,
119-645: The SOCP maintains the only centre in Sumatra that quarantines and cares for orangutans confiscated from the illegal pet trade . To date, the SOCP has rescued over 340 illegal pet orangutans of which more than 260 have been rehabilitated and reintroduced back to a life in the wild, 180 at its reintroduction centre next to the Bukit Tigapuluh National Park in Jambi province and an additional 88 since 2011 at its centre in
136-600: The auspices of the Sumatran Orangutan Conservation Programme . At least 4 infants have also been born to reintroduced mothers, these infants being the first to be conceived and born in the forests of Jambi possibly for more than 100 years. Camera traps set up in the Bukit Tigapuluh forest in March and April 2011 by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) have taken images of 12 rare Sumatran tigers, including
153-462: The biological value of the Bukit Tigapuluh ecosystem. As the result of research, the Bukit Tigapuluh ecosystem with an area of 250,000 ha was recommended to be determined as a national park. In 1995 Bukit Tigapuluh was established as a national park by Ministerial Decree comprising an area of 127,698 ha. In 2002 its area was extended to 144,223 ha The Park has been under consistent threat from illegal logging and palm oil plantations, with two-thirds of
170-750: The conservation status of the species, reflected by its leading role in the 2012 island-wide orangutan survey initiative, the Orangutan Population Habitat and Viability Analysis process, the development of the Indonesian National Strategy and Action Plan for Orangutans 2007-17, its representation on a number of international scientific bodies (e.g. IUCN /SSC Primate Specialist Group - Great Apes, UNEP GRASP ), along with numerous scientific publications and popular print and film media items. The SOCP also has many years’ experience of community development and livelihoods programmes throughout
187-578: The entire species’ range, with much of its work focused on the naturally remaining wild populations in the 2.6 million ha Leuser Ecosystem , and the largest natural orangutan population outside of the Leuser Ecosystem, the Tapanuli orangutans of the upland forests of the Batang Toru area in the Tapanuli region of North Sumatra. The SOCP is the number one source of data, knowledge and information regarding
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#1732859363706204-616: The forest. In November 2011, the WWF announced 5 endangered cats in the forests of Riau. Within 3 months of systematic survey using automatic surveillance cameras at the 'corridor' between the Bukit Tigapuluh National Park and Rimbang Baling Sanctuary , they found Sumatran tiger ( Panthera tigris sumatrae ), Sunda clouded leopard ( Neofelis diardi ), marbled cat ( Pardofelis marmoata ), golden cat ( Catopurna temmincki , and leopard cat ( Prionailurus bengalensis ). The cats pass
221-680: The hydrology of the Kuantan Indragiri watershed. In 1982 the National Conservation Plan highlighted the importance of the Bukit Tigapuluh ecosystem and classified the two conservation areas of Bukit Besar Wildlife Sanctuary (200,000 ha) and Seberida Nature Reserve (120,000 ha) as priority I conservation areas. In 1992 the Indonesian Government in cooperation with the Norwegian Government conducted research to document
238-475: The park logged. Surrounding buffer zones and wildlife corridors are diminishing, with 30,000 hectares, the largest area of forest remaining outside the Park, released in May 2009 by the Indonesian government for logging. The orangutan reintroduction in Bukit Tigapuluh National Park is organized by the Sumatran Orangutan Conservation Programme (SOCP). The first reintroduction station for orangutans close to
255-670: The park was built in 2001 by the German biologist Dr. Peter Pratje, with the support of the Frankfurt Zoological Society and local partners. It offers a school-like program to train individual orangutans, who grew up in captivity, to survive the wild. In 2002 the Batu Mbelin orangutan quarantine centre was completed near Medan in North Sumatra, which is operated by PanEco. In December 2002 the first orangutans were transferred from
272-462: The quarantine centre to the rehabilitation centre near Bukit Tigapuluh National Park and reintroduced shortly after. Nowadays two orangutan reintroduction stations are operated close to the park’s boundaries which focus on reintroducing the animals to the Bukit Tigapuluh National Park. Since then, over 190 orangutans have been treated at the quarantine centre and over 160 of these have already been transferred to Bukit Tigapuluh for reintroduction under
289-628: The same tracks all the time in the corridor, but both areas connected by the corridor are currently threatened by deforestation . Illegal logging Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.226 via cp1108 cp1108, Varnish XID 768282806 Upstream caches: cp1108 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Fri, 29 Nov 2024 05:49:23 GMT Sumatran Orangutan Conservation Programme The Sumatran Orangutan Conservation Programme (SOCP)
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