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31-582: Buda is the western side of Budapest, Keszi was one of the seven ancient Hungarian tribes . The settlement in the Kingdom of Hungary was first mentioned about 1270, it was completely devastated during the Ottoman Siege of Buda in 1541. In the aftermath of the Ottoman defeat at the 1683 Battle of Vienna , the depopulated area was re-settled with " Danube Swabian " (most of them actually descending from Lorraine ,

62-503: A Hungarian majority with a sizeable German minority in 1495. In 1432, Bertrandon de la Broquière wrote that Buda "is governed by Germans, as well in respect to police as commerce, and what regards the different professions". He noted a significant Jewish population in the city, proficient in French, many of whom were descendants of Jews previously expelled from France. Buda became part of Ottoman -ruled central Hungary from 1541 to 1686. It

93-621: Is called the Várnegyed ( lit.   ' Castle Quarter ' ) today, while “Buda” pars pro toto denotes Budapest’s I., II., III., XI., XII. and XXII. districts. This colloquial definition thus includes medieval Óbuda and amounts to a third of the city’s total area, much of it forested. Buda's landmarks include the Royal Palace , Matthias Church , the Citadella , Gellért Baths , the Buda Hills ,

124-527: Is megtartatom; köztársasági elnöki tisztségemet a magyar nemzet javára gyakorolom. [ And, according to the conviction of the one who takes the oath ] Isten engem úgy segéljen! I [ name of the person ], swear to be faithful to Hungary and its Basic Law, to respect and enforce its legislation by others; I shall exercise my function as the president of the Republic for the good of the Hungarian nation. [ And, according to

155-504: Is the part of Budapest , the capital city of Hungary , that lies on the western bank of the Danube . Historically, “Buda” referred only to the royal walled city on Castle Hill ( Hungarian : Várhegy ), which was constructed by Béla IV between 1247 and 1249 and subsequently served as the capital of the Kingdom of Hungary from 1361 to 1873. In 1873, Buda was administratively unified with Pest and Óbuda to form modern Budapest. Royal Buda

186-615: The Carmelite Monastery of Buda , and the residence of the President of Hungary , Sándor Palace . According to a legend recorded in chronicles from the Middle Ages , the name "Buda" comes from the name of Bleda ( Hungarian : Buda ), brother of Hunnic ruler Attila . Attila went in the city of Sicambria in Pannonia, where he killed Buda , his brother, and he threw his corpse into

217-503: The Danube . For while Attila was in the west, his brother crossed the boundaries in his reign, because he named Sicambria after his own name Buda's Castle. And though King Attila forbade the Huns and the other peoples to call that city Buda's Castle, but he called it Attila's Capital, the Germans who were terrified by the prohibition named the city as Eccylburg, which means Attila Castle, however,

248-604: The Palatinate and Alsace ) immigrants by the order of the Habsburg King Leopold I . Budakeszi was for centuries a predominantly "Schwabian" ( ethnic German ) village. After World War II Budakeszi's history was influenced by the deportation of its ethnic German population according to Article 12 of the 1945 Potsdam Agreement . Though the expulsion was ordered under pressure of the Soviet forces, many Hungarians relished in

279-560: The president of the republic ( Hungarian : Magyarország köztársasági elnöke [ˈmɒɟɒrorsaːɡ ˈkøstaːrʃɒʃaːɡi ˈɛlnøkɛ] , államelnök , or államfő [ˈaːlːɒɱføː] ), is the head of state of Hungary . The office has a largely ceremonial ( figurehead ) role, but may also veto legislation or send legislation to the Constitutional Court for review. Most other executive powers, such as selecting government ministers and leading legislative initiatives, are vested in

310-480: The 451st year of Our Lord’s birth, coming down from Scythia , entered Pannonia with a mighty force and, putting the Romans to flight, took the realm and made a royal residence for himself beside the Danube above the hot springs, and he ordered all the old buildings that he found there to be restored and he built them in a circular and very strong wall that in the Hungarian language is now called Budavár [Buda Castle] and by

341-530: The Basic Law or another law in the performance of duties, or if they commit an offense voluntarily". In such a case, the motion for removal should be proposed by at least 1 ⁄ 5 of the members of the National Assembly. The indictment procedure is initiated by a decision taken by secret ballot by a majority of 2 ⁄ 3 of the members of the National Assembly. Subsequently, in proceedings before

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372-477: The Constitutional Court, it is determined whether the president should be relieved of their duties. If the court establishes the responsibility of the president, the president shall be removed from office. According to Article 12 (3), the term of office of the president of the republic ends: According to Article 12 (4), the National Assembly must decide by a majority of 2/3 of all its members to decide

403-538: The Germans Etzelburg [Attila Castle] The Buda fortress and palace were built by King Béla IV of Hungary in 1247, and were the nucleus around which the town of Buda was built, which soon gained great importance, and became in 1361 the capital of Hungary. While Pest was mostly Hungarian in the 15th century, Buda had a German majority; however according to the Hungarian Royal Treasury, it had

434-479: The Hungarians did not care about the ban and call it Óbuda [Old Buda] and call it to this day. The Scythians are certainly an ancient people and the strength of Scythia lies in the east, as we said above. And the first king of Scythia was Magog, son of Japhet, and his people were called Magyars [Hungarians] after their King Magog, from whose royal line the most renowned and mighty King Attila descended, who, in

465-843: The President of the Curia, the Principal Public Prosecutor and the Commissioner of Fundamental Rights", is the sole nominator of judges and the President of the Budget Council. With the "countersignature of a member of the government", the head of state appoints the ministers, the governor of the National Bank of Hungary , the heads of independent regulatory entities, university professors, generals, mandates ambassadors and university rectors, and "awards decorations, rewards and titles". However,

496-464: The acquisition and deprivation of citizenship". According to Article 12 of the Basic Law, "the President of the Republic is inviolable". Consequently, all criminal proceedings against the president can only take place after the end of their mandate. However, Article 13 (2) of the Constitution provides for the removal of the president. This can only take place if the president "intentionally violates

527-434: The almost deserted city. Germans — also clinging to their language — partly crowded out, partly assimilated the Hungarians and Serbians they had found here. As the rural population moved into Buda, in the 19th century Hungarians slowly became the majority there. 47°28′N 19°03′E  /  47.467°N 19.050°E  / 47.467; 19.050 President of Hungary The president of Hungary , officially

558-427: The capital Budapest daily. With mass transportation (No. 22 bus or Volánbusz intercity bus) this normally takes about 15 minutes. Budakeszi has a historic main street and a baroque Roman Catholic church in its valley. There is also a Protestant church, the cemetery of which has largely German-named headstones, some of which date back to the early 19th century. (There are also about a dozen WW2 Polish soldiers buried in

589-621: The cemetery). Today Budakeszi's population is mixed; Hungarians, Schwabian-Germans , and Transylvanians share this small town. Near Budakeszi there is an airfield for sailplanes (gliders) and for small planes, as well as a recently established World War 2 German military cemetery. Budakeszi is twinned with: Among the ethnic Germans expelled from Budakeszi in 1946 were the parents of Joseph "Joschka" Fischer , born in 1948, German foreign minister from 1998 to 2005. Fischer today holds an honorary citizenship. Buda Buda ( Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈbudɒ] , German : Ofen )

620-598: The conviction of the one who takes the oath ] May God help me so! According to the Basic Law, "the Head of State of Hungary is the President of the Republic who expresses the unity of the nation and oversees the democratic functioning of State institutions". The President is the Commander-in-Chief of the Hungarian Defence Forces , "represents Hungary", "may participate in the sittings of the National Assembly and take

651-460: The floor", and can "initiate laws" or a national referendum. The President determines the date of elections, participates in "decisions concerning particular states of law" (state of war, emergency...), convokes the National Assembly after the elections, can dissolve it, and can check the conformity of a law by the Constitutional Court. The head of state "proposes the names of the Prime Minister,

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682-542: The humiliation of ethnic Germans throughout the region and collectively took part in organized, forced deportations of German-speaking citizens to Germany proper. Most of these expellees had never been to Germany before, as even their great-grand parents had been born in Hungary. Budakeszi lost a great number of its citizens due to the above and the vacuum was later filled with the settlement of families from other regions, such as Transylvania . Many inhabitants commute to work to

713-406: The incapacity of the president of the republic to exercise their responsibilities for more than 90 days. According to Article 14 (1), if the president of the republic is temporarily incapable of exercising their functions and powers, these are exercised by the speaker of the National Assembly of Hungary , who can not delegate them to deputies and who is replaced in National Assembly duties by one of

744-511: The most votes in the first round. The candidate obtaining the majority of the votes cast in the second round shall be elected president. If the second round is unsuccessful, a new election must be held after new candidatures are submitted. According to Article 11 (6), the president of the republic must take an oath before the National Assembly. The oath is as follows: Én, [ name of the person ] fogadom, hogy Magyarországhoz és annak Alaptörvényéhez hű leszek, jogszabályait megtartom és másokkal

775-560: The office of the prime minister instead. Former Head of the Constitutional Court, lawyer Tamás Sulyok , was elected as president on 26 February 2024, on the first day of the 2024 Spring Session in Parliament, succeeding Katalin Novák , who resigned on 10 February 2024 following a pardon scandal . The Constitution of Hungary provides that the National Assembly ( Országgyűlés ) elects

806-573: The president of Hungary for a term of five years. Presidents have a term limit of two terms of office. According to Article 12 (2) of the Constitution, the president, when exercising their function, cannot exercise "a public, political, economic or social function or mission". They may not engage in "any other paid professional activity, and may not receive remuneration for any other activity, other than activities subject to copyright". According to Article 10 (2), any Hungarian citizen aged at least 35 years old may be elected as president. Called by

837-468: The president can refuse to make these appointments "if the statutory conditions are not fulfilled or if it concludes for a well-founded reason that there would be a serious disturbance to the democratic functioning of the State institutions". Also with the agreement of the government, the head of state "exercises the right of individual pardon", "decides matters of organization of territory" and "cases concerning

868-412: The president of the National Assembly, the presidential election must be held between 30 and 60 days before the end of the term of the incumbent president, or within 30 days if the office is vacated. The Constitution states that candidatures must be "proposed in writing by at least one fifth of the members of the National Assembly". They shall be submitted to the president of the National Assembly before

899-427: The vote. A member of the National Assembly may nominate only one candidate. The secret ballot must be completed within two consecutive days at the most. In the first round, if one of the candidates obtains more than 2/3 of the votes of all the members of the National Assembly, the candidate is elected. If no candidate obtains the required majority, the second round is organized between the two candidates who obtained

930-452: Was the capital of the province of Budin during the Ottoman era. By the middle of the seventeenth century Buda had become majority Muslim , largely resulting from an influx of Balkan Muslims. In 1686, two years after the unsuccessful siege of Buda, a renewed European campaign was started to enter Buda, which was formerly the capital of medieval Hungary. This time, the Holy League 's army

961-467: Was twice as large, containing over 74,000 men, including German , Dutch , Hungarian , English , Spanish , Czech , French , Croat , Burgundian , Danish and Swedish soldiers, along with other Europeans as volunteers, artillerymen, and officers, the Christian forces reconquered Buda (see Siege of Buda ). After the reconquest of Buda, bourgeoisie from different parts of southern Germany moved into

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