King Charles III
43-506: The British Poet Laureate is an honorary position appointed by the monarch of the United Kingdom on the advice of the prime minister . The role does not entail any specific duties, but there is an expectation that the holder will write verse for significant national occasions. The laureateship dates to 1616 when a pension was provided to Ben Jonson , but the first official Laureate was John Dryden , appointed in 1668 by Charles II . On
86-712: A Fula maabo , was appointed as the court poet of the Songhai chief Mossi Gaidou in Dargol, Niger . Poets Laureate of Nigeria include Obo Aba Hisanjani and Niyi Osundare . Mamman Jiya Vatsa was the inaugural poet laureate of Abuja, Nigeria . Tanure Ojaide was the Poet Laureate of the Niger Delta . During the 18th century in Rwanda 's history, Semidogoro was the official court poet of Mibambwe III Mutabazi II Sentabyo . Sekarama
129-742: A dozen national governments continue the poet laureate tradition. In Algeria , during the 11th century, Ibn Sharaf al-Qayrawani was the court poet of the Zīrids . Al-Thaghri Al-Tilimsani was appointed as a court poet during the Zayyanid dynasty . Boûbacar Tinguidji, a Fula maabo , was appointed as the court poet of the Ruler of Dori . Poets Laureate of Cameroon include René Philombé . Poets Laureate of Cape Verde include Eugénio Tavares . Ahmed Shawqi became Egypt 's Poet Laureate in 1894. Poets Laureate of Eritrea include Reesom Haile. In Ethiopia ,
172-510: Is a ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom . It is responsible for supporting the prime minister and Cabinet . It is composed of various units that support Cabinet committees and coordinate the delivery of government objectives via other departments. As of December 2021, it had over 10,200 staff, mostly civil servants , some of whom work in Whitehall . Staff working in
215-525: Is a poet officially appointed by a government or conferring institution, typically expected to compose poems for special events and occasions. Albertino Mussato of Padua and Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) of Arezzo were the first to be crowned poets laureate after the classical age, respectively in 1315 and 1342. In Britain, the term dates from the appointment of Bernard André by Henry VII of England . The royal office of Poet Laureate in England dates from
258-803: Is designated by a "Presenting Partners" group from within the community, the Minnesota poet laureate chosen by the League of Minnesota Poets (est. 1934), the Northampton Poet Laureate chosen by the Northampton Arts Council, and the Martha's Vineyard Poet Laureate chosen by ten judges representing the Martha's Vineyard Poetry Society. In ancient Greece , the laurel was used to form a crown or wreath of honour for poets and heroes. The custom derives from
301-786: Is expressed in the Xhosa term, some poets have been dually noted as "poet laureate" and "national poet" depending upon the source: Kazi Nazrul Islam ( Bangladesh ), Rabindranath Tagore ( India ), José Craveirinha ( Mozambique ), Mahmoud Darwish ( Palestine ), Mohamed Ibrahim Warsame 'Hadrawi' ( Somalia ), Edwin Thumboo ( Singapore ) and Taras Shevchenko ( Ukraine ). This contrasts with other figures such as Shamsur Rahman ( Bangladesh ), Thomas Moore ( Bermuda ), Francisco Borja da Costa ( Timor–Leste ) and Haji Gora Haji ( Zanzibar ) —who are conferred an "unofficial poet laureate" status due to their poetical works. As of modern times, over
344-536: The Belgian Congo (modern day Democratic Republic of the Congo ) appointed bards that served as both the royal historian and poet laureate. In addition to being known as poet laureates, bards were also referred to as "praise-poets" due to their special function of venerating the chief. In the Xhosa language , Imbongi YeSizwethe can be translated to mean either "poet laureate" or " national poet ". Similar to what
387-451: The Oath of Allegiance to the new monarchs and he was dismissed from the laureateship—the only holder to have been removed from office. Dryden's successor, Thomas Shadwell , was appointed in 1689 for life. He introduced the custom of producing poems for the new year and the monarch's birthday, which became one of the key duties of the position. After the appointment of William Wordsworth in 1843
430-658: The Prime Minister's Office are part of the Cabinet Office. The Cabinet Office's core functions are: The Cabinet Office has responsibility for the following at the UK national level: The department was formed in December 1916 from the secretariat of the Committee of Imperial Defence under Sir Maurice Hankey , the first Cabinet Secretary . Traditionally the most important part of
473-458: The 10th century, Muhammad ibn Hani al-Andalusi al-Azdi was appointed as the chief court poet to the Fatimid Caliph al-Mu'izz . Also, in the 10th century, Ali ibn Muhammad al-Iyadi was the court poet of Fatimid caliphs al-Qa'im , al-Mansur , and al-Mu'izz . Poets Laureate of Tunisia include Qasim Shabi. Poets Laureate of Uganda include Akena Adoko. Ginyilitshe Hlabangana was
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#1732852181174516-523: The Cabinet Office often takes on responsibility for areas of policy which are the priority of the Government of the time. The units that administer these areas migrate in and out of the Cabinet Office as government priorities (and governments) change. The Cabinet Office Ministers are as follows, with cabinet ministers in bold: Additionally supports the Deputy Prime Minister on: Driving delivery of
559-625: The Cabinet Office's role was facilitating collective decision-making by the Cabinet, through running and supporting Cabinet-level committees. This is still its principal role, but since the absorption of some of the functions of the Civil Service Department in 1981 the Cabinet Office has also helped to ensure that a wide range of Ministerial priorities are taken forward across Whitehall. It also contains miscellaneous units that do not sit well in other departments. For example: In modern times
602-470: The Republic of Liberia have included Roland T. Dempster , Melvin B. Tolson (1947), and Patricia Jabbeh Wesley . Libya -born Callimachus was appointed as an imperial court poet to Ptolemy II Philadelphus . Poets Laureate of Madagascar include Jacques Rabemananjara . Poets Laureate of Malawi include Jack Mapanje . Poets Laureate of Mali include Ban Sumana Sisòkò. Mohamed Ould Taleb
645-642: The Treasury Buildings. Immediately to the west Dorset House (1700) connects the front of the building to William Kent 's Treasury (1733–36), which faces out onto Horse Guards Parade . The latter is built over the site of the Cockpit, used for cock fighting in the Tudor period, and subsequently as a theatre . In the early 1960s the buildings were restored and many of the Tudor remains were exposed and repaired. Significant renovations between 2010 and 2016 converted many of
688-769: The ancient myth of Daphne and Apollo (Daphne signifying "laurel" in Greek), and was revived in Padua for Albertino Mussato , followed by Petrarch 's own crowning ceremony in the audience hall of the medieval senatorial palazzo on the Campidoglio on April 8, 1341. Because the Renaissance figures who were attempting to revive the Classical tradition lacked detailed knowledge of the Roman precedent they were attempting to emulate, these ceremonies took on
731-675: The appointment of John Dryden in 1668. In modern times a poet laureate title may be conferred by an organization such as the Poetry Foundation , which designates a Young People's Poet Laureate, unconnected with the National Youth Poet Laureate and the United States Poet Laureate . The office is also popular with regional and community groups. Examples include the Pikes Peak Poet Laureate, which
774-617: The appointment of Duffy the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) undertook a consultation of academics and literary organisations to draw up a short list of recommendations which they presented to the prime minister. He, in conjunction with the Cabinet Office , then submitted the name to the Queen for approval. Dryden's salary for the laureateship was £200 per year. In 1630 Charles I added an annual " butt of Canary wine ", although this
817-399: The character of doctoral candidatures. In Persia, the poet laureate ( amīr- or malek-al-šoʿarāʾ ) carried artistic authority and were provided sources of income. Since the office of poet laureate has become widely adopted, the term "laureate" has come to signify recognition for preeminence or superlative achievement ( cf. Nobel laureate ). A royal degree in rhetoric , poet laureate
860-503: The court poets of Norway 's kings. Just like the first English poet laureates, ministers during China 's feudal era presented "commanded poems" at royal events and were beholden to the ruling class. In Japan , the poet laureate ( keikanshijin ) was also imperially appointed and were often called upon to read at the annual Utakai Hajime . Comparatively, in Africa , kingdoms such as the Kuba in
903-607: The death of Alfred, Lord Tennyson , who held the post between November 1850 and October 1892, there was a break of four years as a mark of respect; Tennyson's laureate poems "Ode on the Death of the Duke of Wellington" and " The Charge of the Light Brigade " were particularly cherished by the Victorian public. Four poets, Thomas Gray , Samuel Rogers , Walter Scott and Philip Larkin turned down
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#1732852181174946-406: The duties settled into an expectation, not requirement, for major court and national occasions. Alfred, Lord Tennyson held the post between November 1850 and October 1892. According to Andrew Motion and Hilary Laurie, Tennyson "gave the poet laureateship new status and significance" with works such as "Ode on the Death of the Duke of Wellington" and " The Charge of the Light Brigade ". On his death
989-556: The government's priorities; Civil contingencies and resilience. Leaders of the Houses of Commons and Lords supported by the Cabinet Office are as follows: The Cabinet Office senior civil servants are as follows: The Cabinet Office also supports the work of the Whips Offices of the House of Lords and House of Commons. The Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Cabinet Office supports
1032-538: The laureateship. Historically appointed for an unfixed term and typically held for life, since 1999 the term has been ten years. The holder of the position as at 2024 is Simon Armitage who succeeded Carol Ann Duffy in May 2019 after 10 years in office. The origins of the British poet laureateship date back to 1616 when James I of England granted a pension to the writer Ben Jonson . Although there were subsequent court poets it
1075-550: The official poet laureate (or Imbongi YeNkosi ) for the Ndebele Kingdom (now called Matabeleland, Zimbabwe ). During the 10–11th century, Unsuri was made poet laureate by Sultan Maḥmūd of Ghazna . Modern Poets Laureate of Afghanistan include Abdullah "Malik al-Shu'Ara" Qari, Sufi Abdul Bitab, and Ustad Khalilullah Khalili . Poets Laureate of Armenia include Avetik Isahakian and Hovhannes Toumanian (1970). In 1502, Azerbaijan -born court poet Habibi earned
1118-460: The officially designated Laureate includes Tsegaye Gebre-Medhin . Tsegaye's award was granted in 1966 by His Majesty, Haile-Selasie II. Poets Laureate of The Gambia include Lenrie Peters . Poets Laureate of Ghana include Atukwei Okai . Muyaka bin Haji al-Ghassaniy was the Poet Laureate of Mombasa, Kenya . Poets Laureate of Lesotho include Joshua Pulumo Mohapeloa . Poets Laureate for
1161-606: The poet laureate. During the Tang dynasty , He Zhichang was appointed as the poet laureate of Emperor Ho Kwei. Zhou Boqi was a court poet appointed during the Yuan Dynasty . During the 19th century, after the Turks invaded Cyprus , Mufti Hilmi Efendi was appointed the poet laureate of Sultan Mahmud II . In 1980, the World Academy of Arts and Culture awarded Cyprus -born Costas Montis
1204-449: The post was left vacant as a mark of respect; a new laureate was not appointed until four years later, with the appointment of Alfred Austin in January 1896. As at 2015 the position is an honorary one, and the office holder is left to decide on which occasions they will produce poetry. Following Dryden's dismissal from the post, the laureateship was held for life by all successors until Motion
1247-401: The title "king of poets" from Safavid king Ismail I . Poets Laureate of Azerbaijan include Bakhtiyar Vahabzadeh . Bahrain -born Muḥammad Sharīf al-Shībānī served as the poet laureate of the court of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (c. 1967). During the 15th century, Zainuddin was appointed the court poet of Bengal while under the patronage of Prince Yusuf Khan . Yusuf-Zulekha
1290-479: The title of Poet Laureate. Heraclius II of Georgia appointed Sayat-Nova as his poet laureate at the court of Tblisi . In India , poet laureates were maintained at the royal courts beginning in ancient times. For instance, in Ancient India , Harisena was designated poet laureate by Emperor Samudragupta . During the 7th century, Emperor Harsha proclaimed Bāṇabhaṭṭa as the poet laureate. Jayamkondar
1333-526: The work of ministers. Cabinet committees have two key purposes: The main building of the Cabinet Office is at 70 Whitehall , adjacent to Downing Street . The building connects three historically distinct properties, as well as the remains of Henry VIII 's 1530 tennis courts , part of the Palace of Whitehall , which can be seen within the building. The Whitehall frontage was designed by Sir John Soane and completed by Sir Charles Barry between 1845 and 1847 as
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1376-440: Was a Paramama court poet. In the mid-11th century, Nannaya was the poet-laureate of Rajaraja Narendra . In the 15th century, Cherusseri Namboothiri was the court poet of Udaya Varma. During the 15th-16th centuries, Allasani Peddana was the poet laureate of Emperor Krishnadevaraya of Vijayanagara . In the 16th century, Shaikh Gadai Kamboh was the poet laureate in the court of Sultan of Sikandar Lodhi. In 1665, Nusrati
1419-609: Was appointed as the official court poet during Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz 's presidency in Mauritania . Poets Laureate of Mauritius include Édouard Maunick . In the 13th century, Abdelaziz al-Malzuzi was the court poet of Abu Yahya ibn Abd al-Haqq . During the 16th-17th centuries in Morocco 's history, Abd al-Aziz al-Fishtali was appointed as the poet laureate of the Sultan Ahmad al-Mansur . Burkina Faso -born Boûbacar Tinguidji,
1462-492: Was appointed in 1999 for a fixed term of ten years; his successor, Carol Ann Duffy , was also appointed on the same fixed term. Duffy was the first female poet to hold the role, and the first Scot. After Shadwell's selection the laureate was appointed by the Lord Chamberlain , on the monarch's instructions. Since the appointment of Henry James Pye in 1790, the prime minister has recommended which candidate to appoint. For
1505-518: Was awarded at European universities in the Middle Ages . The term therefore may refer to the holder of such a degree, which recognized skill in rhetoric, grammar, and language. During England 's seventeenth century, the poet laureate served as the "court poet" of royalty, and was often called upon to celebrate state occasions until that role was abolished during the early 1800s. The skald in ancient Scandinavia often spent their careers too serving as
1548-507: Was later discontinued in place of the monetary equivalent. When Ted Hughes was appointed, he rekindled the tradition, and received 720 bottles of sherry. Since Motion's appointment the DCMS provided an annual honorarium of £5,750; Motion also received an additional £19,000 for his work in education. With Duffy's appointment, the salary returned to £5,750 and the barrel of sherry. Poet Laureate A poet laureate (plural: poets laureate )
1591-483: Was made a poet laureate by Sultan ʿAlī II ( r. 1656–1672) of the ʿĀdil-Shāhī dynasty . During the Mughal Empire , Emperor Akbar made Birbal the poet laureate. In the aforementioned empire's later history, Taleb Amoli was Emperor Jahangir 's poet laureate from 1618–1627, and Emperor Shah Jahan appointed Jagannatha Panditaraja as the poet laureate during his reign. In the 18th century, Bharatchandra Ray
1634-455: Was made poet laureate by Chola Emperor Kulottunga I . In the 10th century, Ranna was the poet laureate of Western Chalukya Kings Tailapa II and Satyashraya . Adikavi Pampa was the court poet of Vemulavada Chalukya king Arikesari II . Also, in the 10th century, Ponna received the title Kavichakravarthi (poet laureate) and Ubhaya-Chakravarthi (imperial poet in two languages) from Rashtrakuta king Krishna III . Padmagupta Parimala
1677-473: Was not until 1668, and the appointment of John Dryden by Charles II , that the post was made an established royal office within the royal household . Dryden, who had been appointed following the success of his 1667 poem Annus Mirabilis , was dismissed from office in 1689 following the accession of the Protestant William III and Mary II to the throne. Dryden, a Catholic convert, refused to take
1720-564: Was the court poet of Shaka Zulu . During the 10th century, David Livingstone Phakamile (Yali-Manisi) was the poet laureate of Kaiser Matanzima . Poets Laureate of South Africa include Mazisi Kunene (2005), Keorapetse Kgositsile (2006), and Mongane Wally Serote (2018– ). During the 1800s in Sudan , Al U'aysir was the court poet ( inqīb ) of the Ja'alin tribe King Mek Nimr . Poets Laureate of Tanzania include Saadani Kandoro (1969). During
1763-776: Was the court poet of Sultan of Bengal , Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah . Sometime during the 15th-16th century, Shah Muhammad Saghir was the poet laureate of the Sultan of Bengal Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah . Daulat Qazi , born in what is now modern day Bangladesh , was officially appointed as the poet for the Arakan court in Myanmar (then ruled by King Thiri Thudhamma ). Poets Laureate of Brunei include royal poet Omar Ali Saifuddien III . Poets Laureate of Cambodia include Ind (1907–1924). In Ancient China , Emperor Yuan of Han appointed Shi You as
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1806-535: Was the court poet of Maharaja Krishnachandra. Cabinet Office [REDACTED] William, Prince of Wales [REDACTED] Charles III ( King-in-Council ) [REDACTED] Starmer ministry ( L ) Keir Starmer ( L ) Angela Rayner ( L ) ( King-in-Parliament ) [REDACTED] Charles III [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] The Lord Reed The Lord Hodge Andrew Bailey Monetary Policy Committee The Cabinet Office
1849-456: Was the official court poet during the reigns of Kigeli IV Rwabugiri and Mutara III Rudahigwa . Poets Laureate of Rwanda include Edouard Bamporiki Uwayo. Poets Laureate of Senegal include Léopold Sédar Senghor and Robert Hayden (1966). Poets Laureate of Sierra Leone include the Italian authors Roberto Malini and Dario Picciau . In the 19th century, Magolwane kaMkhathini Jiyane
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