Misplaced Pages

#297702

88-433: Bristol Siddeley Engines Ltd ( BSEL ) was a British aero engine manufacturer. The company was formed in 1959 by a merger of Bristol Aero-Engines Limited and Armstrong Siddeley Motors Limited . In 1961 the company was expanded by the purchase of the de Havilland Engine Company and the engine division of Blackburn Aircraft . Bristol Siddeley was purchased by Rolls-Royce Limited in 1966. Bristol Siddeley Engines Limited

176-443: A gas turbine engine offered. Thus was born the idea to mate a turbine engine to a traditional propeller. Because gas turbines optimally spin at high speed, a turboprop features a gearbox to lower the speed of the shaft so that the propeller tips don't reach supersonic speeds. Often the turbines that drive the propeller are separate from the rest of the rotating components so that they can rotate at their own best speed (referred to as

264-618: A better efficiency. A hybrid system as emergency back-up and for added power in take-off is offered for sale by Axter Aerospace, Madrid, Spain. Small multicopter UAVs are almost always powered by electric motors. Reaction engines generate the thrust to propel an aircraft by ejecting the exhaust gases at high velocity from the engine, the resultant reaction of forces driving the aircraft forwards. The most common reaction propulsion engines flown are turbojets, turbofans and rockets. Other types such as pulsejets , ramjets , scramjets and pulse detonation engines have also flown. In jet engines

352-419: A combustion section where fuel is added and ignited, one or more turbines that extract power from the expanding exhaust gases to drive the compressor, and an exhaust nozzle that accelerates the exhaust gases out the back of the engine to create thrust. When turbojets were introduced, the top speed of fighter aircraft equipped with them was at least 100 miles per hour faster than competing piston-driven aircraft. In

440-555: A common crankshaft. The vast majority of V engines are water-cooled. The V design provides a higher power-to-weight ratio than an inline engine, while still providing a small frontal area. Perhaps the most famous example of this design is the legendary Rolls-Royce Merlin engine, a 27-litre (1649 in ) 60° V12 engine used in, among others, the Spitfires that played a major role in the Battle of Britain . A horizontally opposed engine, also called

528-522: A complete generator set. They were also employed in oil rigs and pumping sets.(Ref TJ151/2). When the company was formed it also included the motor car companies Armstrong Siddeley Motors and Bristol Cars . It was soon decided to stop production of Armstrong Siddeley cars, as it was becoming uneconomic, with production of the only product, the Star Sapphire, ending in July 1960. In September 1960 Bristol Cars

616-490: A cooling system into the air duct of a hydrogen jet engine permits greater fuel injection at high speed and obviates the need for the duct to be made of refractory or actively cooled materials. This greatly improves the thrust/weight ratio of the engine at high speed. It is thought that this design of engine could permit sufficient performance for antipodal flight at Mach 5, or even permit a single stage to orbit vehicle to be practical. The hybrid air-breathing SABRE rocket engine

704-440: A cylinder on the other side. Opposed, air-cooled four- and six-cylinder piston engines are by far the most common engines used in small general aviation aircraft requiring up to 400 horsepower (300 kW) per engine. Aircraft that require more than 400 horsepower (300 kW) per engine tend to be powered by turbine engines . An H configuration engine is essentially a pair of horizontally opposed engines placed together, with

792-467: A disc-webbed crankshaft that ran in large roller bearings , telescopic pipes to deliver cooling oil to the pistons and detachable piston crowns. The MD engines produced by BSEL included 16 basic engines in the range, which covered powers from 380 to 3,000 horsepower, and includes 4- and 6-cylinder in-line units, and 8, 12 and 16 V units. Each of these were pressure-charged, with or without intercooling. They were used with hydraulic transmission systems, in

880-408: A flat or boxer engine, has two banks of cylinders on opposite sides of a centrally located crankcase. The engine is either air-cooled or liquid-cooled, but air-cooled versions predominate. Opposed engines are mounted with the crankshaft horizontal in airplanes , but may be mounted with the crankshaft vertical in helicopters . Due to the cylinder layout, reciprocating forces tend to cancel, resulting in

968-558: A fraction of the cost of traditional engines. Such conversions first took place in the early 1970s; and as of 10 December 2006 the National Transportation Safety Board has only seven reports of incidents involving aircraft with Mazda engines, and none of these is of a failure due to design or manufacturing flaws. The most common combustion cycle for aero engines is the four-stroke with spark ignition. Two-stroke spark ignition has also been used for small engines, while

SECTION 10

#1732844393298

1056-407: A free-turbine engine). A turboprop is very efficient when operated within the realm of cruise speeds it was designed for, which is typically 200 to 400 mph (320 to 640 km/h). Turboshaft engines are used primarily for helicopters and auxiliary power units . A turboshaft engine is similar to a turboprop in principle, but in a turboprop the propeller is supported by the engine and the engine

1144-451: A handful of types are still in production. The last airliner that used turbojets was the Concorde , whose Mach 2 airspeed permitted the engine to be highly efficient. A turbofan engine is much the same as a turbojet, but with an enlarged fan at the front that provides thrust in much the same way as a ducted propeller , resulting in improved fuel efficiency . Though the fan creates thrust like

1232-568: A long connection with the Scout Movement, with the Headquarters being located in buildings of Worthing Road – behind the Town Council offices. In June 2011 the Scout Movement are celebrating their 70th anniversary and will be holding special events to commemorate this. At the end of August 2011, work began to revise the road layout on Highwood Lane, which will see all through traffic eliminated,

1320-550: A military type test certificate. In 1954, the company had produced the axial turbojet Gyron of 30,000 lbf (130 kN) thrust, from which was descended the Gyron Junior series. The de Havilland Engine Company's portfolio included the (licensed) Gnome turboshaft . The Blackburn Aeroplane and Motor Company had entered the aero engine field in 1934 when the Cirrus-Hermes Engineering Company became part of

1408-560: A peak pressure of 30 MPa (300 bar). Although engine weight increases by 30%, aircraft fuel consumption is reduced by 15%. Sponsored by the European Commission under Framework 7 project LEMCOTEC , Bauhaus Luftfahrt, MTU Aero Engines and GKN Aerospace presented the concept in 2015, raising the overall engine pressure ratio to over 100 for a 15.2% fuel burn reduction compared to 2025 engines. On multi-engine aircraft, engine positions are numbered from left to right from

1496-478: A piston-engine with two 10 piston banks without a high-pressure turbine, increasing efficiency with non-stationary isochoric - isobaric combustion for higher peak pressures and temperatures. The 11,200 lb (49.7 kN) engine could power a 50-seat regional jet . Its cruise TSFC would be 11.5 g/kN/s (0.406 lb/lbf/hr) for an overall engine efficiency of 48.2%, for a burner temperature of 1,700 K (1,430 °C), an overall pressure ratio of 38 and

1584-424: A propeller, the surrounding duct frees it from many of the restrictions that limit propeller performance. This operation is a more efficient way to provide thrust than simply using the jet nozzle alone, and turbofans are more efficient than propellers in the transsonic range of aircraft speeds and can operate in the supersonic realm. A turbofan typically has extra turbine stages to turn the fan. Turbofans were among

1672-425: A search for replacement fuels for general aviation aircraft a priority for pilots’ organizations. Turbine engines and aircraft diesel engines burn various grades of jet fuel . Jet fuel is a relatively less volatile petroleum derivative based on kerosene , but certified to strict aviation standards, with additional additives. Model aircraft typically use nitro engines (also known as "glow engines" due to

1760-463: A single row of cylinders, as used in automotive language, but in aviation terms, the phrase "inline engine" also covers V-type and opposed engines (as described below), and is not limited to engines with a single row of cylinders. This is typically to differentiate them from radial engines . A straight engine typically has an even number of cylinders, but there are instances of three- and five-cylinder engines. The greatest advantage of an inline engine

1848-404: A smooth running engine. Opposed-type engines have high power-to-weight ratios because they have a comparatively small, lightweight crankcase. In addition, the compact cylinder arrangement reduces the engine's frontal area and allows a streamlined installation that minimizes aerodynamic drag. These engines always have an even number of cylinders, since a cylinder on one side of the crankcase "opposes"

SECTION 20

#1732844393298

1936-530: A tented encampment along the wide verges of the bypass. In the late 1940s the bypass was severed by the extension of the main runway at Filton aerodrome to accommodate the Bristol Brabazon airliner. This project also required the demolition of the nearby hamlet of Charlton , many of whose residents were rehoused on Patchway Estate. In the 1950s and early 1960s a large bungalow estate was built at Stoke Lodge, adjacent to Patchway Common. A huge overspill estate

2024-483: Is a Day Centre for the elderly and a children's play area. Sports facilities include cricket and football pitches and a sports hall. The Britannia public house was demolished in March 2010. During mid-2010 the current library premises were vacated with a small library being set up in the nearby Casson Centre. The library premises were demolished and this site was incorporated with that of the former Britannia PH to facilitate

2112-539: Is a major aerospace employer, lies just north of Filton Airfield where BAE Systems and Airbus UK are also major aerospace employers. The town comprises three areas until 2015 when Stoke Lodge formed its own Parish council: Patchway Estate, Stoke Lodge and Aztec West . Housing in Patchway Estate lies southwest of the main London-South Wales railway line. Coniston Road circles the estate, where many of

2200-524: Is a pre-cooled engine under development. At the April 2018 ILA Berlin Air Show , Munich -based research institute de:Bauhaus Luftfahrt presented a high-efficiency composite cycle engine for 2050, combining a geared turbofan with a piston engine core. The 2.87 m diameter, 16-blade fan gives a 33.7 ultra-high bypass ratio , driven by a geared low-pressure turbine but the high-pressure compressor drive comes from

2288-449: Is a twin-spool engine, allowing only two different speeds for the turbines. Pulsejets are mechanically simple devices that—in a repeating cycle—draw air through a no-return valve at the front of the engine into a combustion chamber and ignite it. The combustion forces the exhaust gases out the back of the engine. It produces power as a series of pulses rather than as a steady output, hence the name. The only application of this type of engine

2376-486: Is above and behind. In the Cessna 337 Skymaster , a push-pull twin-engine airplane, engine No. 1 is the one at the front of the fuselage, while engine No. 2 is aft of the cabin. Aircraft reciprocating (piston) engines are typically designed to run on aviation gasoline . Avgas has a higher octane rating than automotive gasoline to allow higher compression ratios , power output, and efficiency at higher altitudes. Currently

2464-453: Is bolted to the airframe : in a turboshaft, the engine does not provide any direct physical support to the helicopter's rotors. The rotor is connected to a transmission which is bolted to the airframe, and the turboshaft engine drives the transmission. The distinction is seen by some as slim, as in some cases aircraft companies make both turboprop and turboshaft engines based on the same design. A number of electrically powered aircraft, such as

2552-573: Is close to Aztec West. Called the Almondsbury Interchange , it was completed in the early 1970s. Patchway Greenway is a semi-rural footpath which leads from Patchway Common eastwards to Bradley Stoke. On the north-west fringe of Patchway Estate, a footbridge (known locally as the Banana Bridge) passes over the M5 motorway, and leads to a footpath that passes down over the steep Severn Escarpment into

2640-426: Is contiguous with Bristol's urban area, along with the nearby towns of Filton and Bradley Stoke . Patchway is twinned with Clermont l'Herault , France, and Gauting , Germany. It was established as a civil parish in 1953, becoming separate from the parish of nearby Almondsbury . An electoral ward with the same name exists. This ward has a population taken at the 2011 census was 9,071. The town council

2728-520: Is made up of 15 councillors and is elected every 4 years. The head of the council holds the title of town Mayor. The mayor, who is a councillor, is elected each year by the sitting councillors. The current mayor is Cllr Dayley Lawrence (Labour Party) and His deputy is Cllr Angela Morey (Labour Party). As of the local elections held on May 4th 2023 the political parties and number of councillors are as follows Labour Party. 10 (+4) Independent. 4 (No change) Conservative. 1 (-4) Patchway, where Rolls-Royce

Bristol Siddeley - Misplaced Pages Continue

2816-714: Is more common because it is difficult to get enough air-flow to cool the rear cylinders directly. Inline engines were common in early aircraft; one was used in the Wright Flyer , the aircraft that made the first controlled powered flight. However, the inherent disadvantages of the design soon became apparent, and the inline design was abandoned, becoming a rarity in modern aviation. For other configurations of aviation inline engine, such as X-engines , U-engines , H-engines , etc., see Inline engine (aeronautics) . Cylinders in this engine are arranged in two in-line banks, typically tilted 60–90 degrees apart from each other and driving

2904-449: Is no longer part of Patchway Town Council. Local television news programmes are BBC Points West and ITV News West Country both broadcast from Bristol . The town is served by the local radio stations, BBC Radio Bristol , Heart West , Greatest Hits Radio Bristol & The South West , Hits Radio Bristol , BCfm , Kiss and Bradley Stoke Radio, a community based station which is fully operated by volunteers. Local newspapers are

2992-430: Is of lesser concern, rocket engines can be useful because they produce very large amounts of thrust and weigh very little. A rocket turbine engine is a combination of two types of propulsion engines: a liquid-propellant rocket and a turbine jet engine. Its power-to-weight ratio is a little higher than a regular jet engine, and works at higher altitudes. For very high supersonic/low hypersonic flight speeds, inserting

3080-513: Is that it allows the aircraft to be designed with a low frontal area to minimize drag. If the engine crankshaft is located above the cylinders, it is called an inverted inline engine: this allows the propeller to be mounted high up to increase ground clearance, enabling shorter landing gear. The disadvantages of an inline engine include a poor power-to-weight ratio , because the crankcase and crankshaft are long and thus heavy. An in-line engine may be either air-cooled or liquid-cooled, but liquid-cooling

3168-748: The British Aircraft Corporation along with those of English Electric and Vickers-Armstrong . Armstrong Siddeley Motors had been producing aero-engines and motor-cars since it had been formed in 1919 with the merger of Siddeley-Deasy and the Armstrong Whitworth Company . Bristol Aero-Engines had been formed in 1920 when the Bristol Aeroplane Company had taken over the assets of the Cosmos Engineering Company . On 6 May 1958 Bristol Siddeley Engines Limited

3256-563: The Hawker Siddeley HS.125 . Bristol Siddeley had under development another vectored thrust turbofan, the "plenum chamber burner" (similar to an afterburner) equipped BS100 , which was intended for the supersonic Hawker Siddeley P.1154 VSTOL fighter, but the project was cancelled in 1965. The two shaft BS143 was proposed for the MRCA (later the Tornado), but the takeover by RR caused the adoption of

3344-817: The Olympus two-spool turbojet (from which the engine for Concorde was developed), the Orpheus turbojet for the Folland Gnat light fighter/trainer aircraft, the Pegasus two shaft medium bypass ratio vectored thrust turbofan for the Hawker Siddeley P.1127 /Kestrel/Harrier VSTOL ground attack aircraft, the Proteus turboprop for the Bristol Britannia airliner and the Viper turbojet for

3432-513: The QinetiQ Zephyr , have been designed since the 1960s. Some are used as military drones . In France in late 2007, a conventional light aircraft powered by an 18 kW electric motor using lithium polymer batteries was flown, covering more than 50 kilometers (31 mi), the first electric airplane to receive a certificate of airworthiness . On 18 May 2020, the Pipistrel E-811 was

3520-670: The Rutan Quickie . The single-rotor engine was put into a Chevvron motor glider and into the Schleicher ASH motor-gliders. After the demise of MidWest, all rights were sold to Diamond of Austria, who have since developed a MkII version of the engine. As a cost-effective alternative to certified aircraft engines some Wankel engines, removed from automobiles and converted to aviation use, have been fitted in homebuilt experimental aircraft . Mazda units with outputs ranging from 100 horsepower (75 kW) to 300 horsepower (220 kW) can be

3608-473: The United Engine Corporation , Aviadvigatel and Klimov . Aeroengine Corporation of China was formed in 2016 with the merger of several smaller companies. The largest manufacturer of turboprop engines for general aviation is Pratt & Whitney. General Electric announced in 2015 entrance into the market. In this section, for clarity, the term "inline engine" refers only to engines with

Bristol Siddeley - Misplaced Pages Continue

3696-424: The gyroscopic effects of the heavy rotating engine produced handling problems in aircraft and the engines also consumed large amounts of oil since they used total loss lubrication, the oil being mixed with the fuel and ejected with the exhaust gases. Castor oil was used for lubrication, since it is not soluble in petrol, and the resultant fumes were nauseating to the pilots. Engine designers had always been aware of

3784-424: The oxygen necessary for fuel combustion comes from the air, while rockets carry an oxidizer (usually oxygen in some form) as part of the fuel load, permitting their use in space. A turbojet is a type of gas turbine engine that was originally developed for military fighters during World War II . A turbojet is the simplest of all aircraft gas turbines. It consists of a compressor to draw air in and compress it,

3872-641: The A38 and have completely demolished the old East Works, for redevelopment. All the Rolls-Royce Bristol facilities are now north of Gypsy Patch Lane, the former West Works site on the airfield having been redeveloped by the Post Office in the late 1980s. Patchway is one of the 44 Parish and Town Councils in South Gloucestershire . Amenities include a fire station, library, doctor's clinic and schools. There

3960-564: The Blackburn and this became the Engine Division of Blackburn Aircraft and subsequently Blackburn Engines Limited. In 1952 an agreement was signed which enabled Blackburn Engines Limited to produce engines based on the Turbomeca range of small gas turbine engines. These were developed for use as airborne auxiliary power units for large aircraft and they were also used as a ground starter unit in

4048-505: The British services. Bristol Siddeley was bought by Rolls-Royce Limited in 1966 for £63.6 million in order to prevent competition from a planned collaboration between BSEL, Pratt & Whitney and Snecma . Bristol Siddeley retained its own identity and marketing organization. Bristol Siddeley Engines Limited is still a listed but dormant company within the Rolls-Royce group. The company

4136-804: The Clerget 14F Diesel radial engine (1939) has the same power to weight ratio as a gasoline radial. Improvements in Diesel technology in automobiles (leading to much better power-weight ratios), the Diesel's much better fuel efficiency and the high relative taxation of AVGAS compared to Jet A1 in Europe have all seen a revival of interest in the use of diesels for aircraft. Thielert Aircraft Engines converted Mercedes Diesel automotive engines, certified them for aircraft use, and became an OEM provider to Diamond Aviation for their light twin. Financial problems have plagued Thielert, so Diamond's affiliate — Austro Engine — developed

4224-537: The Common Parish Council, The A38 trunk road, upgraded to a dual carriageway in the mid-1970s, separates the two housing estates. Aztec West, an office and warehouse park, is situated on the northern fringes of the town, sandwiched between Patchway Estate and Stoke Lodge. The CEGB Pension Fund started the park in the early 1980s and it is now owned by Arlington. New phases of this development are being built. A major four-level motorway interchange ( M4 / M5 )

4312-637: The Type 4 locos (with two MD650 engines of 1,152 bhp each) hauled the express trains of the Western Region of British Railways - e.g. the Bristolian and the Cornish Riviera . Several hundred more orders were placed by British Rail.(Ref TJ102). MD series engines were widely used in base load, intermittent and standby electricity generating sets, and were transported by rail up to the nominal 1200 kW size for

4400-557: The Wankel engine has been used in motor gliders where the compactness, light weight, and smoothness are crucially important. The now-defunct Staverton-based firm MidWest designed and produced single- and twin-rotor aero engines, the MidWest AE series . These engines were developed from the motor in the Norton Classic motorcycle . The twin-rotor version was fitted into ARV Super2s and

4488-445: The building of a new three storey construction on behalf of the local NHS Trust – The Hub. The building will include various social health and well-being amenities for use by all ages. The Hub will also include a new library. The majority of the structure for the first two storeys had taken shape by Christmas 2010. By Autumn 2011 the structure of the building was complete and the building was being fitted out. External groundwork and paving

SECTION 50

#1732844393298

4576-500: The compression-ignition diesel engine is seldom used. Starting in the 1930s attempts were made to produce a practical aircraft diesel engine . In general, Diesel engines are more reliable and much better suited to running for long periods of time at medium power settings. The lightweight alloys of the 1930s were not up to the task of handling the much higher compression ratios of diesel engines, so they generally had poor power-to-weight ratios and were uncommon for that reason, although

4664-576: The cylinders arranged evenly around the crankshaft, although some early engines, sometimes called semi-radials or fan configuration engines, had an uneven arrangement. The best known engine of this type is the Anzani engine, which was fitted to the Bleriot XI used for the first flight across the English Channel in 1909. This arrangement had the drawback of needing a heavy counterbalance for the crankshaft, but

4752-486: The cylinders in a circle around the crankcase, as in a radial engine, (see above), but the crankshaft is fixed to the airframe and the propeller is fixed to the engine case, so that the crankcase and cylinders rotate. The advantage of this arrangement is that a satisfactory flow of cooling air is maintained even at low airspeeds, retaining the weight advantage and simplicity of a conventional air-cooled engine without one of their major drawbacks. The first practical rotary engine

4840-508: The development of East Works on Gypsy Patch Lane during the re-armament programme of the 1930s. Engine component testing facilities were built alongside the main railway line during the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s. A dual carriageway, known as the Filton Bypass, was constructed through Patchway Estate in the late 1930s, to divert A38 road traffic away from Filton. During World War 2, the US Army had

4928-581: The engine core is the bypass ratio. Low-bypass engines are preferred for military applications such as fighters due to high thrust-to-weight ratio, while high-bypass engines are preferred for civil use for good fuel efficiency and low noise. High-bypass turbofans are usually most efficient when the aircraft is traveling at 500 to 550 miles per hour (800 to 890 kilometres per hour), the cruise speed of most large airliners. Low-bypass turbofans can reach supersonic speeds, though normally only when fitted with afterburners . The term advanced technology engine refers to

5016-438: The engine works by having a coiled pipe in the combustion chamber that superheats the fuel (propane) before being injected into the air-fuel inlet. In the combustion chamber, the fuel/air mixture ignites and burns, creating thrust as it leaves through the exhaust pipe. Induction and compression of the fuel/air mixture is done both by the pressure of propane as it is injected, along with the sound waves created by combustion acting on

5104-415: The engine's heat-radiating surfaces to the air and tends to cancel reciprocating forces, radials tend to cool evenly and run smoothly. The lower cylinders, which are under the crankcase, may collect oil when the engine has been stopped for an extended period. If this oil is not cleared from the cylinders prior to starting the engine, serious damage due to hydrostatic lock may occur. Most radial engines have

5192-596: The first electric aircraft engine to be awarded a type certificate by EASA for use in general aviation . The E-811 powers the Pipistrel Velis Electro . Limited experiments with solar electric propulsion have been performed, notably the manned Solar Challenger and Solar Impulse and the unmanned NASA Pathfinder aircraft. Many big companies, such as Siemens, are developing high performance electric engines for aircraft use, also, SAE shows new developments in elements as pure Copper core electric motors with

5280-399: The first engines to use multiple spools —concentric shafts that are free to rotate at their own speed—to let the engine react more quickly to changing power requirements. Turbofans are coarsely split into low-bypass and high-bypass categories. Bypass air flows through the fan, but around the jet core, not mixing with fuel and burning. The ratio of this air to the amount of air flowing through

5368-474: The full share capital of the de Havilland Engine Company Limited and Blackburn Engines Limited , both of which were formerly operating within the Hawker Siddeley Group. The aircraft side of Blackburn became part of Hawker Siddeley. Both of these companies had long histories in the aero-engine industry. The de Havilland Engine Company Limited had the de Havilland Sprite which was a rocket engine with

SECTION 60

#1732844393298

5456-492: The intake stacks. It was intended as a power plant for personal helicopters and compact aircraft such as Microlights. A few aircraft have used rocket engines for main thrust or attitude control, notably the Bell X-1 and North American X-15 . Rocket engines are not used for most aircraft as the energy and propellant efficiency is very poor, but have been employed for short bursts of speed and takeoff. Where fuel/propellant efficiency

5544-430: The many limitations of the rotary engine so when the static style engines became more reliable and gave better specific weights and fuel consumption, the days of the rotary engine were numbered. The Wankel is a type of rotary engine. The Wankel engine is about one half the weight and size of a traditional four-stroke cycle piston engine of equal power output, and much lower in complexity. In an aircraft application,

5632-433: The modern generation of jet engines. The principle is that a turbine engine will function more efficiently if the various sets of turbines can revolve at their individual optimum speeds, instead of at the same speed. The true advanced technology engine has a triple spool, meaning that instead of having a single drive shaft, there are three, in order that the three sets of blades may revolve at different speeds. An interim state

5720-463: The most common Avgas is 100LL. This refers to the octane rating (100 octane) and the lead content (LL = low lead, relative to the historic levels of lead in pre-regulation Avgas). Refineries blend Avgas with tetraethyllead (TEL) to achieve these high octane ratings, a practice that governments no longer permit for gasoline intended for road vehicles. The shrinking supply of TEL and the possibility of environmental legislation banning its use have made

5808-404: The new AE300 turbodiesel , also based on a Mercedes engine. Competing new Diesel engines may bring fuel efficiency and lead-free emissions to small aircraft, representing the biggest change in light aircraft engines in decades. While military fighters require very high speeds, many civil airplanes do not. Yet, civil aircraft designers wanted to benefit from the high power and low maintenance that

5896-479: The point of view of the pilot looking forward, so for example on a four-engine aircraft such as the Boeing 747 , engine No. 1 is on the left side, farthest from the fuselage, while engine No. 3 is on the right side nearest to the fuselage. In the case of the twin-engine English Electric Lightning , which has two fuselage-mounted jet engines one above the other, engine No. 1 is below and to the front of engine No. 2, which

5984-432: The power-to-weight ratio is very important, making the Wankel engine a good choice. Because the engine is typically constructed with an aluminium housing and a steel rotor, and aluminium expands more than steel when heated, a Wankel engine does not seize when overheated, unlike a piston engine. This is an important safety factor for aeronautical use. Considerable development of these designs started after World War II , but at

6072-604: The railway line, on the eastern side of the A38, became part of the new parish of Stoke Lodge and The Common. Charlton Hayes is a new extension to Patchway to the south, named after the demolished village of Charlton . Construction started in late 2009 and includes a new bypass road from the A38 to the bottom of the Cribbs Causeway Mall. Approximately 6000 new homes will be in the final development. The new link road – Hayes Way − opened just before Christmas 2010, just in time to assist in relieving Highwood Lane of some of

6160-575: The road being closed to normal traffic between Coniston Road and Durban Road, apart from access to the local centre at the Durban Road end. The south side of the then current dual-carriageway becoming part of the internal roadway network for the Charlton Hayes development and the north side being restricted to buses only. On 1 April 2015 the Stoke Lodge part of Patchway, which is located to the north of

6248-550: The serious road traffic pressure which have previously been experienced on Highwood Lane. The road provides a direct link from The Mall (Cribbs Causeway) to the main A38 heading north out of Bristol towards the M5/M4 junction at Almondsbury and, prior to the construction of the Aerospace Bristol museum, granted users a chance to glimpse the Concorde 216 that was stored at the airfield. In May 2023 it became its own parish council and

6336-530: The streets are named after birds and trees. Patchway Trading Estate is adjacent to the dual carriageway linking the A38 and M5. The mall and two retail parks at Cribbs Causeway , just north of Filton airfield, form the largest shopping centre in South West England . On the opposite side of the railway track, (since 2015 no longer part of Patchway) is the Stoke Lodge housing estate. Now called Stoke Lodge and

6424-1024: The three shaft RB199 instead. Hypersonics were explored in a shock tube near the High Altitude Test Plant (HATP) at Bristol, in support of BS1012 hypersonic engine thinking. High supersonic ramjets for long range defensive missiles were tested in the HATP (Ref TJ102 and TJ151/2). Bristol Siddeley also manufactured diesel engines under licence from the German company Maybach . These were for installation in British Rail Class 42 and Class 52 locomotives which were themselves based on licensed German designs but with as much British-built content as possible. The Maybach Diesel (MD) MD650, MD655 and MD870 series engines built by Bristol Siddeley were sophisticated in design, running at much higher speeds than normal diesels of their size and featured advanced construction such as

6512-439: The time the aircraft industry favored the use of turbine engines. It was believed that turbojet or turboprop engines could power all aircraft, from the largest to smallest designs. The Wankel engine did not find many applications in aircraft, but was used by Mazda in a popular line of sports cars . The French company Citroën had developed Wankel powered RE-2  [ fr ] helicopter in 1970's. In modern times

6600-414: The two crankshafts geared together. This type of engine has one or more rows of cylinders arranged around a centrally located crankcase . Each row generally has an odd number of cylinders to produce smooth operation. A radial engine has only one crank throw per row and a relatively small crankcase, resulting in a favorable power-to-weight ratio . Because the cylinder arrangement exposes a large amount of

6688-618: The use of a glow plug ) powered by glow fuel , a mixture of methanol , nitromethane , and lubricant. Electrically powered model airplanes and helicopters are also commercially available. Small multicopter UAVs are almost always powered by electricity, but larger gasoline-powered designs are under development. Patchway Patchway is a town and civil parish in South Gloucestershire , England, situated 6 mi (9.7 km) north-north west of central Bristol . The town has become an overflow settlement for Bristol and

6776-476: The village of Over . Patchway railway station is on the mainline South Wales-London railway line, but the service to Bristol is infrequent with just a single train per hour which is frequently shortformed (meaning it should have three carriages but arrives with only two so that prospective passengers are unable to board) during rush hour. At the start of the 20th century, Patchway was a small village centred on Patchway Green, now known as Patchway Common. Part of

6864-639: The village straddled Gloucester Road, south of the bridge which passed over the Great Western Railway line from Bristol to South Wales. Patchway Tunnel was nearby. Industrialization started when a flying school at Filton Aerodrome was converted into an aeroengine factory, when the Bristol Aeroplane Company (BAC) acquired Cosmos Engineering in 1920. During the 1930s, new housing was built on Patchway Estate, just north of Filton Aerodrome , and bungalows were built on Stoke Lane. BAC started

6952-399: The years after the war, the drawbacks of the turbojet gradually became apparent. Below about Mach 2, turbojets are very fuel inefficient and create tremendous amounts of noise. Early designs also respond very slowly to power changes, a fact that killed many experienced pilots when they attempted the transition to jets. These drawbacks eventually led to the downfall of the pure turbojet, and only

7040-597: Was built at the back of Patchway Estate in the mid-1960s. Also in the mid-1960s, the New Filton Bypass (now part of the M5 motorway) was constructed, on the north-west fringe of Patchway Estate, along the upper edge of the Severn Escarpment. This road forms the boundary between the town of Patchway and the adjacent Green Belt . Rolls-Royce have built new production facilities on the Gypsy Patch test site, close to

7128-529: Was formed as a pilot company to bring about an alliance between the Bristol and Coventry concerns, and a full merger took effect from the beginning of April 1959. The purpose of the new company was to combine the research, engineering and manufacturing resources of the two great component companies to meet the changing demands of the aviation industry. The company was further strengthened in November 1961 when it acquired

7216-463: Was formed by the 1 April 1959 merge of Bristol Aero-Engines and Armstrong Siddeley Motors . These were the aero engine manufacturing companies of the Bristol Aeroplane Company and the Hawker Siddeley Group . The share capital of Bristol Siddeley was held in equal proportions by these two parent organisations. At around the same time Bristol's aircraft manufacturing was being subsumed into

7304-452: Was mostly complete by now as well. The Hub was opened on Monday 5 September 2011 and has since become a focal point of the locality. Due to its height, rising to three storeys, and position on the gently rising slope of Rodway Road, the Hub building can be seen rising above the surrounding buildings, particularly when approaching the area from the north side, over the railway bridge. Patchway has had

7392-527: Was one of the largest of its kind in the world and offered a wider range of engines than any other manufacturer. Aero engines produced by the company included piston engines, turboprops, turboshafts, turbojets, turbofans, auxiliary power units, ramjets and liquid propellant rocket engines. Outside the aeronautical field its products were gas turbines for marine and industrial use, diesel engines, and automatic transmissions. The Patchway factory in South Gloucestershire produced military aeroplane engines including

7480-588: Was sold. Subcontracted production of the Sunbeam Alpine sports car continued at Bristol Siddeley Engines in Coventry until 1962. Related lists Aircraft engine In commercial aviation the major Western manufacturers of turbofan engines are Pratt & Whitney (a subsidiary of Raytheon Technologies ), General Electric , Rolls-Royce , and CFM International (a joint venture of Safran Aircraft Engines and General Electric). Russian manufacturers include

7568-562: Was the Gnome Omega designed by the Seguin brothers and first flown in 1909. Its relative reliability and good power to weight ratio changed aviation dramatically. Before the first World War most speed records were gained using Gnome-engined aircraft, and in the early years of the war rotary engines were dominant in aircraft types for which speed and agility were paramount. To increase power, engines with two rows of cylinders were built. However,

7656-426: Was the German unmanned V1 flying bomb of World War II . Though the same engines were also used experimentally for ersatz fighter aircraft, the extremely loud noise generated by the engines caused mechanical damage to the airframe that was sufficient to make the idea unworkable. The Gluhareff Pressure Jet (or tip jet) is a type of jet engine that, like a valveless pulsejet, has no moving parts. Having no moving parts,

7744-487: Was used to avoid the spark plugs oiling up. In military aircraft designs, the large frontal area of the engine acted as an extra layer of armor for the pilot. Also air-cooled engines, without vulnerable radiators, are slightly less prone to battle damage, and on occasion would continue running even with one or more cylinders shot away. However, the large frontal area also resulted in an aircraft with an aerodynamically inefficient increased frontal area. Rotary engines have

#297702