Procuration (from Latin procurare 'to take care of') is the action of taking care of, hence management, stewardship, agency. The word is applied to the authority or power delegated to a procurator , or agent, as well as to the exercise of such authority expressed frequently by procuration ( per procurationem ), or shortly per pro. , or simply p.p.
14-550: Bricius most often refers to Bricius de Douglas, bishop of Moray (died 1222). Bricius or Brice may also refer to: Bricius Bricius (sometimes anglicized as Brice , died 1222) was prior of Lesmahagow and afterward bishop of Moray ( Gaelic epscop Muireb ; Latin episcopus Moraviensis ). In this period, the name Bricius is more often a Latinization of the Gaelic names Máel Brigte ("tonsured devotee of St. Brigit ") and Gilla Brigte ("devotee of St. Brigit") than
28-437: A real name, although it is still possible that Bricius was indeed the bishop's real name. He is called Bricius Douglas by David Wilkins 's Concilia magnae Britanniae et Hiberniae , and this is supported by two men who used this name, "Arkenbald and Henric" (Archibald and Henry), being called his brothers. Bricius appears to have been a son of William de Dufglas , and had five brothers, four of whom also became clerics, all in
42-440: Is almost certainly a case of misidentification with St Brice, Archbishop of Tours , a Gallo-Roman cleric and protégé of Saint Martin of Tours . Procuration The correct usage is the subject of some debate. It has been understood as both "through the agency of" and "on behalf of". The reason for this is that the meaning of the phrase per procurationem is ambiguous if used with undeclinable English names. Procuratio
56-471: Is related to the words "pro" (for/on behalf of/instead of) and "cura" (care/attention). It is thus close in meaning to "agency" — acting instead of someone. The phrase 'per procurationem' thus means "by/through agency". Note that the phrase does not contain a preposition "of". This is because this idea would be expressed through the genitive case in Latin. With time, Latin or Latinized names fell out of usage, and
70-573: Is used: In German-speaking countries, ppa. (per procura autoritate) indicates that the person signing the document has special authority according to commercial law to sign documents in the name and on behalf of the company that a normal employee or representative of the company does not have. In the ecclesiastical law of the Church of England , procuration is the provision of necessaries for bishops and archdeacons during their visitations of parochial churches in their dioceses. Procuration originally took
84-583: The Moray diocese. The fifth and presumably eldest brother, Archibald of Douglas , succeeded to the Barony of Douglas in Lanarkshire . Bricius became bishop of Moray in 1203, although the exact details of this accession (i.e. election , consecration , etc.) are unknown. Unlike the two preceding bishops of Moray who had attained their appointments at the wish of King William , there is no evidence that Bricius's accession
98-459: The agency of another" (without that other being expressly indicated). A common usage of per procurationem in the English-speaking world occurs in business letters, which are often signed on behalf of another person. For example, given a secretary authorized to sign a letter on behalf of the president of a company, the signature takes the form: or Commonly in practice, an alternative form
112-409: The appropriate visitations, and spending a good deal of the proceeds on the services of women . On 30 January 1219, Pope Honorius III instructed the abbots of Cupar Angus , Scone and Dunfermline to investigate these claims. The results are not known. He died in the year 1222, and was succeeded by Andreas de Moravia. Certain histories refer to "St Brice" in reference to this bishop. This however
126-428: The form of meat, drink, provender, and other accommodation, but was gradually changed to a sum of money. Procuration is an ecclesiastical due, and is therefore suable only in a spiritual court. In those dioceses where the bishops' estates have vested in the ecclesiastical commissioners, procurations are payable to the commissioners, who, however, have abandoned their collection. Procuration is also used specifically for
140-486: The genitive case of the agent's name (in English " of Mr X") was thus lost. The original would look like this: or This seems to be the most simple and logical reading. The other option is that "per procurationem" could be understood as a complete adverbial phrase in itself — "by the agency [of another]", without a dependent genitive. However, this would mean that two people signed the letter, one in his own person, one "by
154-710: The sentence of excommunication imposed on King Alexander II and the whole Kingdom of Scotland . This second visit to Rome is mentioned in Scottish sources, and confirmed by Papal records . The latter record that Bricius had solemnly denied practicing divine offices during the interdict . Bricius, however, found his episcopate in disrepute. Church records indicate that the Archdeacon and Chancellor of Moray reported Bricius' corrupt behaviour, including over-taxing his flock, dissolving lawful marriages for payment, tolerating unlawful ones for payment and taking procurations without
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#1732851121351168-554: Was one of the most important clerics in the Scotland of his time, that is, during the later part of the reign of William the Lion (r. 1165–1214) and early part of the reign of Alexander II (1214–1249). For instance, in 1207, Pope Innocent III appointed him judge-delegate of a dispute between Melrose Abbey and the Earl of Dunbar , two of the most important landowners in what for Moray-based Bricius
182-500: Was similar. Instead, it may have been the powerful de Moravia family of Duffus that secured his position. On 7 April 1206, Bishop Bricius received papal permission to move the seat ( Latin : cathedra ) of the see of Moray from Birnie to Spynie . The move was probably complete by June 1208. It would not be until the episcopate of his successor, Andreas de Moravia , that the bishopric would settle at Elgin Cathedral , Elgin . Bricius
196-525: Was the remote English-speaking south-east of Scotland . In 1215, Bricius was one of three Scottish bishops to attend the Fourth Lateran Council at Rome (the other two were William de Malveisin , bishop of St Andrews and Walter , bishop of Glasgow ). He returned to Rome in 1218, as part of a delegation of three Scottish bishops, including Walter of Glasgow, and Adam , bishop of Caithness , in order to obtain absolution from Pope Honorius III for
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