65-406: Bribie Island is the smallest and most northerly of three major sand islands forming the coastline sheltering the northern part of Moreton Bay, Queensland , Australia. The others are Moreton Island and North Stradbroke Island . Bribie Island is 34 kilometres (21 miles) long, and 8 kilometres (5.0 miles) at its widest. Archibald Meston believed that the name of the island came from a corruption of
130-452: A mission station on Bribie Island. A school and a teacher's residence was established, with two dormitories designed to accommodate 20 residents. By September 1892, suffering financial difficulties and with the site described by Archibald Meston as "mainly ti-tree swamps", the mission was abandoned and residents moved to Myora Mission on North Stradbroke Island . Bribie Island fortifications were constructed from 1939 to 1943 as part of
195-549: A name-exchange from the Joondaburri Elder, Bribé. The indigenous practice of name-exchange between "brothers", could on occasion be extended to a non-indigenous member of their community, under certain circumstances. Tom Archer, Durundur Station owner, wrote of the view of "Briby's Island" from the top of Mt Beerwah in 1841. In 1890, the Queensland Aboriginal Protection Association established
260-561: A State of Origin representative grew up on Bribie Island. The existing bridge was the longest, pre-stressed, pre-cast concrete bridge in Australia at the time of its construction. With a length of 2736 feet (831.4 m), the bridge cost £520,000 and was officially opened on Saturday 19 October 1963 by the Premier of Queensland Frank Nicklin . An additional bridge onto Bribie Island has been proposed, and an official Bribie Island Bridge Corridor Study
325-430: A flattened and expanded stylohyal bone at the cranial end. Microbats that laryngeally echolocate must be able to distinguish between the differences of the pulse that they produce and the returning echo that follows by being able to process and understand the ultrasonic waves at a neuronal level, in order to accurately obtain information about their surrounding environment and orientation in it. The connection between
390-421: A mainland word for it, Boorabee meaning koala . However, the correct Joondaburri name for the island is in fact Yarun . Bribie Island hugs the coastline and tapers to a long spit at its most northern point near Caloundra , and is separated from the mainland by Pumicestone Passage . The ocean side of the island is somewhat sheltered from prevailing winds by Moreton Island and associated sand banks and has only
455-750: A morphology derived from dilambdodont teeth, which are characterized by a W-shaped ectoloph, or stylar shelf. A W-shaped dilambdodont upper molar includes a metacone and paracone, which are located at the bottom of the “W”; while the rest of the “W” is formed by crests that run from the metacone and paracone to the cusps of the stylar self. Microbats display differences between the size and shape of their canines and molars, in addition to having distinctive variations among their skull features that contribute to their ability to feed effectively. Frugivorous microbats have small stylar shelf areas, short molariform rows, and wide palates and faces. In addition to having wide faces, frugivorous microbats have short skulls, which place
520-567: A new passage 200 metres wide. With the ocean waves now able to break onto the mainland at Golden Beach, there is significant concern for the effect this will have for residents and businesses there. Bribie Island has a number of heritage-listed sites, including: At a Federal level, Bribie Island is part of the Division of Longman and has been represented by Terry Young MP, a member of the Liberal National Party of Queensland who sits in
585-459: A small surf break. The lee side is calm, with white sandy beaches in the south. Most of the island is uninhabited national park (55.8 square kilometres or 21.5 square miles) and forestry plantations. The southern end of the island has been intensively urbanised as part of the City of Moreton Bay , the main suburbs being Bongaree , Woorim , Bellara and Banksia Beach . A bridge from Sandstone Point on
650-480: A third of the total area of the island. There is a common misconception that the national park covers most of the non-inhabited area, but in fact most of the centre of the island consists of conifer plantations closed to public access. Formerly leased to CSR Timber, the Queensland Government is currently re-planting around 25 square kilometres (9.7 square miles) of this area through its DPI Forestry arm. Much of
715-411: Is Bellara . The other four suburbs in the southern half of the island are Woorim (about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) away on the island's 'surf side'), Bongaree at the southern end of the island, on the 'calm side' or 'passage side' and Banksia Beach and White Patch at the northern end of the populated area, also on the 'passage side'. Two other localities, Welsby and Bribie Island North , make up
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#1732844852800780-412: Is a protected marine park that provides habitat for dugongs, turtles and dolphins. There are also extensive mangrove forests in this area. Eucalypt forests, banksias and heathlands are the predominant vegetation elsewhere. Bribie Island is home to around 350 species of bird. This includes a range of honeyeater species, lorikeets, waterbirds and birds of prey. Flying foxes (also called fruit bats) visit
845-564: Is located at the cranial end of the trachea and is surrounded by cricothyroid muscles and thyroid cartilage . For reference, in humans , this is the area where the Adam's apple is located. Phonation of ultrasonic waves is produced through the vibrations of the vocal membranes in the expiratory air. The intensity that these vocal folds vibrate at varies with activity and between bat species. A characteristic of laryngeally echolocating microbats that distinguishes them from other echolocating microbats
910-451: Is not the only way in which microbats can produce ultrasonic waves. Excluding non-echolocating and laryngeally echolocating microbats, other species of microbats and megabats have been shown to produce ultrasonic waves by clapping their wings, clicking their tongues, or using their nose. Laryngeally echolocating bats, in general, produce ultrasonic waves with their larynx that is specialized to produce sounds of short wavelength . The larynx
975-408: Is the articulation of their stylohyal bone with their tympanic bone . The stylohyal bones are part of the hyoid apparatus that help support the throat and larynx. The tympanic bone forms the floor of the middle ear . In addition to the connection between the stylohyal bone and the tympanic bone as being an indicator of laryngeally echolocating microbats, another definitive marker is the presence of
1040-534: The City of Redland , both in Queensland , Australia. The locality includes all of the bay Moreton Bay (water and islands) between the mainland of the City of Brisbane and the City of Redland across to the western coast of Moreton Island and the western coast of North Stradbroke Island (including some islands but excluding others). In the 2021 census , Moreton Bay had "no people or a very low population". The extent of
1105-686: The Liberal party room in parliament , since 2019. At a state level Bribie Island is represented by Ariana Doolan , the Liberal National Party Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly for Pumicestone . The artist Ian Fairweather lived on Bribie Island for many years in self-inflicted poverty. A park on the island is named in his honour at the corner of First Ave and Hunter St Bongaree. Brisbane Broncos players Jack Reed , an English representative, and Matt Gillett ,
1170-512: The vocal folds in mammals due to the elastic membranes that compose these folds. Vocalization requires these elastic membranes because they act as a source to transform airflow into acoustic pressure waves. Energy is supplied to the elastic membranes from the lungs, and results in the production of sound. The larynx houses the vocal cords and forms the passageway for the expiratory air that will produce sound. Microbat calls range in frequency from 14,000 to over 100,000 hertz , well beyond
1235-694: The Americans soldiers. It was widely believed at the time that the American and Australian armed forces and governments had conspired on a plan to abandon Australia north of Brisbane to the Japanese in case of invasion. The plan, known as the Brisbane Line was never official policy, but the alleged strategy gained support after General Douglas MacArthur referred to it during a press conference in March 1943, where he also coined
1300-521: The Brisbane Line on 16 March 1943, but later clarified the matter by writing it was Gen. MacArthur who abandoned the Brisbane Line concept and decided that the battle for Australia should be fought in New Guinea. At Fort Bribie itself, two mine control huts were used by Royal Australian Navy during 1942 and 1943, known as RAN 2. These monitored and controlled the guard indicator loops and mine loops set in
1365-532: The City of Redland, all are inhabited with the exception of Peel Island, which was formerly inhabited but now is a protected area. The locality name of Moreton Bay draws its name from the bay of the same name, which was named by Lieutenant James Cook , commander of HMS Endeavour , after James Douglas, 14th Earl of Morton , the President of the Royal Society who had helped to negotiate a grant of £4000 to finance
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#17328448528001430-506: The Europeans and Bongaree returned to their boat. As they left the man who had tried to remove Flinders' hat threw a spear that missed the small boat and crew. Flinders fired his musket at the men on shore and wounded the man who had thrown the spear. The Aborigines fled the beach. Flinders named the southern shore and site of the confrontation Point Skirmish . There is an area on the modern map marked Skirmish Point but should not be confused with
1495-548: The Government called "Bribie, the basket maker." He was not chained, and was allowed to go about in a boat to get cane from the scrubs for his work. ... It was from this man Bribie, my father thinks, that Bribie Island got its name. He cannot remember distinctly on this point, but has some vague recollection of a connection between the man and the island – whether he was blown ashore there, or what, he does not know. However, author Libby Connors in her book "Warrior", notes that there
1560-553: The North West Channel. The indicator loops relied on a moving magnet or any large mass of metal, which naturally acquires magnetic field, to induce a current in a stationary loop of wire. If a submarine was detected by the guard loop, the operator would wait until there was also a swing mine loop before detonating the mines by sending a current down the mine loop. RAN 2 was moved to Cowan Cowan on Moreton Island in September 1943. When
1625-431: The actual place of the incident which is known as South Point. Flinders needed to repair leaks in his boat and pulled it ashore some five miles (8.0 kilometres) north of the area he had the incident with the locals for those repairs. Once his boat was repaired he explored the mainland side of the passage and scaled Mt. Beerburrum to get a view of the area. He spent 15 days in the region. It was not until some time later it
1690-464: The area, along with several species of small insect-eating bats . Flying foxes are important pollinators and seed dispersers while the insect-eating bats help control mosquito and other insect populations. Buckley's Hole, at the southern tip of the island, was declared an environmental park in 1992. The island seems particularly prone to instances of bee swarming . Bribie Island National Park covers 55.8 square kilometres (21.5 square miles), nearly
1755-583: The attacks suddenly created a very real dread in the Queensland population. In July 1942 after failing to take Port Moresby by sea in the Battle of the Coral Sea, the Japanese landed on Papua New Guinea's north coast and moved south, capturing Kokoda on 29 July. This was the first time any Australian territory had been occupied by an enemy force. Reinforcements were sent to Fort Bribie and Fort Cowan Cowan, strengthening
1820-525: The blood of large mammals or birds (" vampire bats "); these bats live in South and Central America. Although most "Leaf-nose" microbats are fruit and nectar-eating, the name “leaf-nosed” isn't a designation meant to indicate the preferred diet among said variety. Three species follow the bloom of columnar cacti in northwest Mexico and the Southwest United States northward in the northern spring and then
1885-495: The blooming agaves southward in the northern fall (autumn). Other leaf-nosed bats, such as Vampyrum spectrum of South America, hunt a variety of prey such as lizards and birds. The horseshoe bats of Europe, as well as California leaf-nosed bats, have a very intricate leaf-nose for echolocation, and feed primarily on insects. The form and function of microbat teeth differ as a result of the various diets these bats can have. Teeth are primarily designed to break down food; therefore,
1950-435: The bony connection in laryngeally echolocating microbats is the extended articulation of the ventral portion of the tympanic bones and the proximal end of the stylohyal bone that bends around it to make this connection. While bats have been traditionally divided into megabats and microbats, recent molecular evidence has shown the superfamily Rhinolophoidea to be more genetically related to megabats than to microbats, indicating
2015-487: The defence of South East Queensland during the Second World War, and to provide artillery training for Australian soldiers. Other fortifications throughout Moreton Bay during the war, included at Caloundra , on Moreton Island at Cowan Cowan Point and Rous. Together with the existing installations at Fort Lytton, they provided a coordinated series of defensive batteries for Moreton Bay. In February 1939, six months before
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2080-486: The existing defences at the two forts. A number of 155 mm (6.1 in) guns from the First World War were provided to upgrade Australian coastal defences, and new forts were constructed during 1942-43 at Skirmish Point on south Bribie Island and Rous on Moreton Island. The Skirmish Point Battery at Woorim contained two fixed 155-millimetre (6.1 in) gun emplacements on Panama mounts. The Pacific War also brought
2145-400: The expedition. In the 2016 census , Moreton Bay had "no people or a very low population". In the 2021 census , Moreton Bay had "no people or a very low population". Microbat Microbats constitute the suborder Microchiroptera within the order Chiroptera ( bats ). Bats have long been differentiated into Megachiroptera (megabats) and Microchiroptera, based on their size,
2210-578: The glass manufacturing houses back in England. James Cook named the area Glass House Bay and was the first European to name this stretch of water. On 16 July 1799 Captain Matthew Flinders left Glass House Bay about two miles (3.2 kilometres) east of the shore in the Norfolk . He sailed south-west between Moreton Island and the mainland parallel to the southern shore of Bribie Island until spotting an opening in
2275-410: The guard loops, as a second means of detection. The Bribie Island library opened in 1976 with a major refurbishment in 2016. On 14 December 2020, a king tide broke through the northern tip of the island, causing severe damage. On 2 January 2022 the ocean broke through the narrow spit of the island 2 km from the northern tip (due to Cyclone Seth culminating with a king tide). This event created
2340-403: The gun emplacements was almost complete. The construction cost of all of Fort Bribie's concrete structures was £55,000, about $ 2.5 million in 2010 dollars. On 19 February 1942, Darwin was bombed in two raids killing at least 243 people and wounding between 300 and 400 more. By November 1943 Darwin was bombed 64 times, with other towns also attacked including Townsville. The ferocity and success of
2405-421: The locality within the City of Brisbane is: and includes the following uninhabited islands (from north to south): The extent of the locality within the City of Redland is: and includes the following uninhabited islands from north to south: but excludes the following islands (some inhabited, some not), from north to south: The list of excluded islands or island groups above are separate localities within
2470-406: The low western shore. He anchored at 8:15am and transferred with a small crew and Bongaree to a smaller craft. He landed on Bribie Island unaware that it wasn't the mainland and met a small group of Aborigines who had gathered on the beach. Although Bongaree didn't speak the same dialect as the local aborigines the meeting was peaceful until one attempted to remove Flinders' hat. Flinders refused and
2535-409: The mainland at Golden Beach , there is significant concern for the effect this will have for residents and businesses there. The island is composed of the same coastal sand plains found on the mainland. The sand has been blown in to two large, low-lying dunes, extending towards the north-west. Crossing to southern part of the island from the mainland via the bridge, the first suburb to be encountered
2600-406: The mainland to Bellara and Bongaree was completed in 1963. Buckley's Hole, at the southern tip of the island, is an important bird habitat and refuge. On 2 January 2022, the ocean broke through the narrow spit of the island 2 km from the northern tip (due to Cyclone Seth culminating with a king tide). This event created a new passage 200 metres wide. With the ocean waves now able to break onto
2665-501: The mainland. The comparatively rich coastal country allowed permanent residence. Natural resources of land and sea were abundant and harvested according to the seasons. Winter mullet schooled from May to July. Dolphins were trained to herd the fish into waiting nets and spears. Winter was the best season for bream, followed by tailor in September and October. In summer mud crabs and oysters were plentiful and dugong were hunted. Summer whiting and flathead were speared or netted. Bungwall Fern
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2730-499: The mines in Moreton Bay were decommission at the end of the war, six were missing. One was found at Tewantin in 1945. The mines weighed 1,430 kilograms (3,150 pounds) and were buoyant, so needed to be moored with sinkers, up to 25 metres (82 feet) below the surface. Every 5 minutes hour perturbations due to the tides known as perts had to be recorded. Daily and weekly tests were carried out on all equipment. In three years of operation,
2795-513: The mines were never detonated. Another minefield with guard loop built in 1942 protected Pearl Channel and Main Channel south of Bribie Island. The guard loops ran from the Loop Control Hut at the end of North Street, just north of Woorim to Combouyuro Point, Moreton Island. Three Harbour Defence Asdics, sea-bed mounted submarine detection devices now known as sonar, were position down-channel from
2860-572: The northwest channel, which ran close to the shore near Caloundra, across the bay in a southeasterly direction towards Moreton Island, and then southwesterly towards the mouth of the river, forming a Z-shaped route. The most effective sites for guns were the closest points to the channel bends. The mounting and placement of the guns was hopelessly inadequate and according to Major General Robert E Jackson, Officer in Charge of Northern Command in July 1940, Fort Bribie
2925-462: The northwest channel, while Caloundra could only cover the most northerly entrance. The guns had a range of about 19 kilometres (12 mi). Colonel JS Whitelaw designed the layout of the fort on Bribie and recommended its completion, receiving the go ahead by early 1942. By April—hastened by the December 1941 attacks by the Japanese forces on Pearl Harbor, Malaya, Hong Kong and Singapore—construction of
2990-480: The opposite is true for microbats that are nectarivores. Though differences exist between the palate and teeth sizes of microbats, the proportion of the sizes of these two structures are maintained among microbats of various sizes. Echolocation is the process where an animal produces a sound of certain wavelength, and then listens to and compares the reflected echoes to the original sound emitted. Bats use echolocation to form images of their surrounding environment and
3055-462: The organisms that inhabit it by eliciting ultrasonic waves via their larynx . The difference between the ultrasonic waves produced by the bat and what the bat hears provides the bat with information about its environment. Echolocation aids the bat in not only detecting prey, but also in orientation during flight. Most microbats generate ultrasound with their larynx and emit the sound through their nose or mouth. Sound productions are generated from
3120-631: The oyster middens was at White Patch, where dugong were also plentiful. The Ugari (pipi) on the coastal beaches was also eaten. Lieutenant James Cook sighted the Glass House Mountains west of the Island on Thursday 17 May 1770 while sailing up the east coast of Australia in HM Bark Endeavour . He called these hills the Glass Houses as the reflections and the shape of the hills reminded him of
3185-458: The park. The inhabitants of Bribie Island at the time they were encountered by Matthew Flinders in H.M. colonial sloop Norfolk in 1799 were the Djindubari people. broadly part of the 'Kabi' or more correctly Gubbi Gubbi people of South-East Queensland . Meston recorded the pre-contact population of Aboriginal people as 600–1,000, but by 1891 none remained on the Island and only four lived on
3250-419: The range of the human ear (typical human hearing range is considered to be from 20 to 20,000 Hz). The emitted vocalizations form a broad beam of sound used to probe the environment, as well as communicate with other bats. At the molecular level, it has been found that CPLX1 is involved in this ultrasonic wave production. Laryngeal echolocation is the dominant form of echolocation in microbats, however, it
3315-708: The rest has been developed for housing. In 2009 the Queenslands National Parks and Wildlife Service (QNPWS) used imported blocks of rock to prevent access to roads and tracks leading into the national park forcing all vehicle access to the park to be via the Beach Access Track at Woorim or the Ranger Station at Whitepatch. All access to the national park now requires a permit to be purchased. Local residents were threatened by letter with fines of up to $ 16,000 by QNPWS in 2009 for walking domestic animals within
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#17328448528003380-494: The shape of the teeth correlate to specific feeding behaviors. In comparison to megabats which feed only on fruit and nectar, microbats illustrate a range of diets and have been classified as insectivores , carnivores , sanguinivores , frugivores , and nectarivores . Differences seen between the size and function of the canines and molars among microbats in these groups vary as a result of this. The diverse diets of microbats reflect having dentition, or cheek teeth, that display
3445-557: The start of WW2, a review of the defences of Moreton Bay called for two 6 inch Mark XI guns at north Bribie. Soon after Australia declared war on Germany on 3 September 1939, 6 inch guns previously carried by the World War I-era cruiser HMAS Sydney were taken to the present location of Fort Bribie ( 26°51′39″S 153°07′47″E / 26.8609°S 153.1296°E / -26.8609; 153.1296 ( 6" guns from HMAS Sydney at Fort Bribie ) ) to guard
3510-399: The stylohyal bone and the tympanic bone enables the bat to neurally register the outgoing and incoming ultrasonic waves produced by the larynx . Furthermore, the stylohyal bones connect the larynx to the tympanic bones via a cartilaginous or fibrous connection (depending on the species of bat). Mechanically the importance of this connection is that it supports the larynx by anchoring it to
3575-415: The surrounding cricothyroid muscles , as well as draws it closer to the nasal cavity during phonation . The stylohyal bones are often reduced in many other mammals, however, they are more prominent in laryngeally echolocating bats and are part of the mammalian hyoid apparatus. The hyoid apparatus functions in breathing, swallowing, and phonation in microbats as well as other mammals. An important feature of
3640-552: The teeth closer to the fulcrum of the jaw lever, allowing an increase in jaw strength. Frugivorous microbats also possess a different pattern on their molars compared to carnivorous, insectivorous, nectarivorous, and sanguinivorous microbats. In contrast, insectivorous microbats are characterized by having larger, but fewer teeth, long canines, and shortened third upper molars; while carnivorous microbats have large upper molars. Generally, microbats that are insectivores, carnivores, and frugivores have large teeth and small palates; however,
3705-558: The term 'Brisbane Line'. Many historians of the WW2 period on Bribie island refer to Brisbane Line and draw it from Fort Bribie due west to Charleville, then south-west to a point just west of Adelaide, as recounted by Warwick Outram in Bribie Memories 2nd edition 2009 ISBN 978-0-9751971-4-1 . George H. Johnston, War Correspondent for the Argus newspaper was present when MacArthur mentioned
3770-480: The undeveloped northern part of the island. Bribie Island North is part of the Sunshine Coast Region while all of the other suburbs on the island are part of the City of Moreton Bay . Caboolture Bus Lines operates a bus service around the Island as well as a route which runs to Caboolture and Morayfield via Ningi and Pebble Beach . In August 2007 an alternative route, via Beachmere and Pebble Beach,
3835-473: The use of echolocation by the Microchiroptera and other features; molecular evidence suggests a somewhat different subdivision, as the microbats have been shown to be a paraphyletic group. Microbats are 4 to 16 cm (1.6–6.3 in) long. Most microbats feed on insects, but some of the larger species hunt birds, lizards, frogs, smaller bats or even fish . Only three species of microbat feed on
3900-467: Was "no value from a defence point of view" and had to be fixed. Before this could happen an argument about the location broke out, costings being sought for both Bribie and Caloundra. It was argued Caloundra was higher, better equipped and cheaper to build, whereas Bribie was flat, hot, infested with mosquitos and sandflies, had no freshwater, no bridge and would be much more expensive. The decision came down to Fort Bribie's ability to cover both entrances to
3965-429: Was a Joondaburri Elder, from Yarun (Bribie Island) by the name of Bribé, ca 1830. Bribé is recorded as taking part in a large intertribal armed conflict, during the 1820s, on a plain near Mt Coot-tha. Other notable aboriginal members present on this occasion were Eulopé, Daki Yakka, Mulrobbin, Moppé, and Gorowamba. This pre-dates the period of the convict "Bribie". It is possible that the convict in fact received his name as
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#17328448528004030-523: Was conducted in 2015 by the Queensland Department of Transport and Main Roads that supports this proposal. The study recommends the new bridge be built 15 metres (49 feet) north of the existing bridge, however the anticipated date of commencement has not yet been announced. Moreton Bay, Queensland Download coordinates as: Moreton Bay is a locality split between the City of Brisbane and
4095-427: Was determined that this was an island and the changing of the name of the waterway between Bribie Island and the mainland was made at some other point. The origin of the name Bribie are believed to be linked to a convict named Bribie or Breiby who gathered basket-making material on the island in the 1830s. In his memoirs, Tom Petrie wrote: In those days there was a prisoner among the others who made baskets for
4160-574: Was gathered for its starchy roots all year round. Kangaroo, eels and carpet snakes were rich in protein and fat. The dominant shellfish used as food was the oyster known today as the Sydney Rock Oyster known locally as tibir, at that time growing naturally on the seabeds. The oyster middens, many metres thick, were plundered by early settlers for lime. A significant midden site, now lost, was located not far from Bongaree jetty. It contained discarded shells, marsupial bones and stone tools. The biggest of
4225-411: Was introduced. The service to Caboolture is timed to connect with Queensland Rail train services to and from Brisbane . There are many types of wildlife present on the island. Kangaroos, wallabies, emus, various snake species, green tree frogs and dingos can often be seen venturing from the national park into the surrounding suburbs. Pumicestone Passage , located between the island and the mainland,
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