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75-491: The area is centered on Brazos County, the cities of College Station and Bryan , and Texas A&M University . The Brazos River lies at the center of the region; however, not all areas of the region are a part of the Brazos drainage basin . The Brazos Valley Council of Governments represents the collective interests of the local governments in the region. The Brazos Valley Museum of Natural History maintains collections in

150-455: A PUD provides flexibility to create convenient ways for residents to access commercial and other amenities. In the US, residents of a PUD have an ongoing role in management of the development through a homeowner's association . Pattern zoning is a zoning technique in which a municipality provides licensed, pre-approved building designs, typically with an expedited permitting process. Pattern zoning

225-516: A combination of private and public planning. Other critics of zoning argue that zoning laws are a disincentive to provide housing which results in an increase in housing costs and a decrease in productive economic output. For example, A 2017 study showed that if all states deregulated their zoning laws only halfway to the level of Texas, a state known for low zoning regulations, their GDP would increase by 12 percent due to more productive workers and opportunity. Furthermore, critics note that it impedes

300-586: A compact geographic area. The mixing of land uses is common throughout the world. Mixed-use zoning has particular relevance in the United States, where it is proposed as a remedy to the problems caused by widespread single-use zoning. Form-based or intensity zoning regulates not the type of land use, but the form that land use may take. For instance, form-based zoning in a dense area may insist on low setbacks, high density, and pedestrian accessibility. Form-based codes (FBCs) are designed to directly respond to

375-404: A compatible group of uses are allowed to co-exist - or a combination of both single and mixed-use zones in one system. The main approaches include use-based, form-based, performance and incentive zoning. There are also several additional zoning provisions used in combination with the main approaches. Use-based or functional zoning systems can comprise single-use zones, mixed-use zones—where

450-400: A compatible group of uses are allowed to co-exist —or a combination of both single- and mixed-use zones in one system. The primary purpose of single-use zoning is to geographically separate uses that are thought to be incompatible. In practice, zoning is also used to prevent new development from interfering with existing uses and/or to preserve the character of a community. Single-use zoning

525-533: A construction camp on the Houston and Texas Central Railroad. The town's name has been attributed to a well at the construction camp, a foreman named E.W. Wellborn, or a landowner named W.W. Willburn. Also in 1867, a post office opened in the community under the name Wellborn Station. In 1870, the name was shortened to Wellborn. On April 14, 2011, the City Council of College Station voted 5–2 to annex Wellborn, thus making

600-505: A free economy, as poor zoning restrictions hinder the more efficient usage of a given area. Even without zoning restrictions, a landfill, for example, would likely gravitate to cheaper land and not a residential area. Single-use zoning laws can get in the way of creative developments like mixed-use buildings and can even stop harmless activities like yard sales. The Houston example of non-zoning or private zoning with no restriction on particular land use but with other development code shows

675-436: A given development may be granted. Zoning may specify a variety of outright and conditional uses of land. It may indicate the size and dimensions of lots that land may be subdivided into, or the form and scale of buildings. These guidelines are set in order to guide urban growth and development. Zoning is the most common regulatory urban planning method used by local governments in developed countries. Exceptions include

750-584: A high degree of flexibility, but may be complex to administer. The more a proposed development takes advantage of incentive criteria, the more closely it has to be reviewed on a discretionary basis. The initial creation of the incentive structure in order to best serve planning priorities also may be challenging and often requires extensive ongoing revision to maintain balance between incentive magnitude and value given to developers. Incentive zoning may be most effective in communities with well-established standards and where demand for both land and for specific amenities

825-424: A menu of compliance options where a property developer can earn points or credits for limiting environmental impacts, including affordable housing units, or providing public amenities. In addition to the menu and points system, there may be additional discretionary criteria included in the review process. Performance zoning may be applied only to a specific type of development, such as housing, and may be combined with

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900-407: A new scientific rationality, the advent of mass production and complex manufacturing, and the subsequent onset of urbanisation. Industry leaving the home reshaped modern cities. The definition of home was tied to the definition of economy, which caused a much greater mixing of uses within the residential quarters of cities. Separation between uses is a feature of many planned cities designed before

975-431: A number of sub-categories, for example, within the commercial category there may be separate districts for small retail, large retail, office use, lodging and others, while industrial may be subdivided into heavy manufacturing, light assembly and warehouse uses. Special districts may also be created for purposes like public facilities, recreational amenities, and green space. The application of single-use zoning has led to

1050-422: A property owner and a local government to rezone a property in exchange for a commitment from the developer. It typically involves loosening restrictions on how the property can be used. Contract zoning is controversial and sometimes prohibited because it deviates from the broader planning process and has been considered an illegal bargaining away of the government's police powers to enforce zoning. Fiscal zoning

1125-418: A quasi-judicial process that enables land uses that, because of their special nature, may be suitable only in certain locations, or when arranged or operated in a particular manner. Uses which might be disallowed under current zoning, such as a school or a community center, can be permitted via conditional-use permits. Contract zoning is a controversial practice in which there is a bilateral agreement between

1200-425: A reduction in lot sizes. The term planned unit development (PUD) can refer either to the regulatory process or to the development itself. A PUD groups multiple compatible land uses within a single unified development. A PUD can be residential, mixed-use, or a larger master-planned community. Rather than being governed by standard zoning ordinances, the developer negotiates terms with the local government. At best,

1275-593: A single space. Mixed-use zoning can be vertical, within a single building, or horizontal, involving multiple buildings. Planning and community activist Jane Jacobs wrote extensively on the connections between the separation of uses and the failure of urban renewal projects in New York City. She advocated dense mixed-use developments and walkable streets . In contrast to villages and towns, in which many residents know one another, and low-density outer suburbs that attract few visitors, cities and inner city areas have

1350-580: A small lake, the Spirit Ice Arena, and is the home of the Arts Council of the Brazos Valley. The amphitheater has hosted a variety of musical events, including the annual Starlight Music Series, a concert series that starts in late spring and runs through late summer. Wolf Pen also has a sidewalk for a scenic run that when completed is about 1 mi (2 km). Wellborn became a community in 1867 as

1425-531: A system of use-based districts. Performance zoning is flexible, logical, and transparent while offering a form of accountability. These qualities are in contrast with the seemingly arbitrary nature of use-based zoning. Performance zoning can also fairly balance a region's environmental and housing needs across local jurisdictions. Performance zoning balances principles of markets and private property rights with environmental protection goals. However, performance zoning can be extremely difficult to implement due to

1500-434: Is a broad term that consists of several alternatives to use-based zoning that incorporate information and communication technologies. There are a number of different techniques to accomplish smart zoning. Floating zones, cluster zoning, and planned unit developments (PUDs) are possible—even as the conventional use-based code exists —or the conventional code may be completely replaced by a smart performance or form-based code, as

1575-730: Is a city in Brazos County, Texas , United States, situated in East-Central Texas in the Brazos Valley , towards the eastern edge of the region known as the Texas Triangle . It is 83 miles (130 kilometers) northwest of Houston and 87 miles (140 km) east-northeast of Austin . As of the 2020 census , College Station had a population of 120,511. College Station and Bryan make up the Bryan-College Station metropolitan area ,

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1650-425: Is a controversial practice in which a small part of a larger zoning district is rezoned in a way that is not consistent with the community's broader planning process. While a jurisdiction can rezone even a single parcel of land in some cases, spot zoning is often disallowed when the change would conflict with the policies and objectives of existing land-use plans. Other factors that may be considered in these cases are

1725-507: Is a controversial practice in which local governments use land use regulation, including zoning, to encourage land uses that generate high tax revenue and exclude uses that place a high demand on public services. Environmental activists argue that putting everyday uses out of walking distance of each other leads to an increase in traffic, since people have to own cars in order to live a normal life where their basic human needs are met, and get in their cars and drive to meet their needs throughout

1800-531: Is a method in which a municipality or other tier of government divides land into "zones", each of which has a set of regulations for new development that differs from other zones. Zones may be defined for a single use (e.g. residential , industrial ), they may combine several compatible activities by use, or in the case of form-based zoning, the differing regulations may govern the density, size and shape of allowed buildings whatever their use. The planning rules for each zone determine whether planning permission for

1875-616: Is a zoning district that overlaps one or more zoning districts to address a particular concern or feature of that area, such as wetlands, historic buildings or transit-oriented development . Overlay zoning has the advantage of providing targeted regulation to address a specific issue, such as a natural hazard, without having to significantly rewrite an existing zoning ordinance. However, development of overlay zoning regulation often requires significant technical expertise. Transferable development rights, also known as transfer of development credits and transferable development units, are based on

1950-471: Is bisected to the north by Church Street, made famous by the Robert Earl Keen and Lyle Lovett duet "The Front Porch Song". Wolf Pen Creek District is a large commercial development adjacent to Post Oak Mall and between two of the city's main commercial thoroughfares: Earl Rudder Freeway and Texas Avenue . The area consists of a greenway with trails, a $ 1.5 million amphitheater and entertainment area,

2025-747: Is bordered by the city of Bryan to the northwest. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has an area of 49.6 sq mi (128.5 km ), of which 49.4 sq mi (128.0 km ) is land and 0.19 sq mi (0.5 km ), or 0.35%, is covered by water. College Station has a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen : Cfa). Winters are mild with periods of low temperatures usually lasting less than two months, while summers are hot and humid. Snow and ice are rare; most recently, College Station received three to five inches of snowfall on February 15, 2021. Summers are hot and humid with occasional showers and thunderstorms being

2100-493: Is high. However, hidden costs may still offset its benefits. Incentive zoning has also been criticized for increasing traffic, reducing natural light, and offering developers larger rewards than those reaped by the public. Additional zoning provisions exist that are not their own distinct types of zoning but seek to improve existing varieties through the incorporation of flexible practices and other elements such as information and communication technologies (ICTs). Smart zoning

2175-493: Is home to 125 stores; its opening on February 17, 1982, helped create the impetus for growing economic and commercial developments for College Station. It is currently the largest taxpayer in College Station and the second-largest in the Brazos Valley, though the anchor stores are free-standing units that are privately owned and taxed separate from the mall proper. Over 75% of retail sales in the Brazos Valley come from sales at

2250-792: Is owned by Texas A&M University , is also based in College Station. College Station is part of the Bryan-College Station Arbitron market #238. The service area of Blinn College includes all of Brazos County. Blinn operates a campus in nearby Bryan. Almost all of College Station is within the College Station Independent School District , while small sections are in Bryan Independent School District . College Station ISD operates two high schools: A&M Consolidated High School and College Station High School . Students living in

2325-450: Is the ability to create flexible zoning districts for smoother transitions between adjacent properties with different uses. Inclusionary zoning refers to policies to increase the number of housing units within a development that are affordable to low and middle-income households. These policies can be mandatory as part of performance zoning or based on voluntary incentives, such as allowing greater density of development. An overlay zone

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2400-428: Is used to reduce barriers to housing development, create more affordable housing, reduce burdens on permit-review staff, and create quality housing designs within a certain neighborhood or jurisdiction. Pattern zoning may also be used to promote certain building types such as missing middle housing and affordable small-scale commercial properties. In some cases, a municipality purchases design patterns and constructs

2475-723: Is where only one kind of use is allowed per zone, or district. It is also known as exclusionary zoning or, in the United States, as Euclidean zoning because of a court case in Euclid, Ohio , Village of Euclid, Ohio v. Ambler Realty Co. 272 U.S. 365 (1926), which established its constitutionality. It has been the dominant system of zoning in North America, especially the United States , since its first implementation. Commonly defined single-use districts include: residential, commercial, and industrial. Each category can have

2550-662: The George Bush Presidential Library opened in 1997. Attention was drawn again in 1999, when 12 people were killed and 27 injured when the Aggie Bonfire collapsed while being constructed . In 2022, it became one of the first areas served by Amazon 's Prime Air drone delivery service, along with Lockeford, California . College Station is south of the center of Brazos County at 30°36′5″N 96°18′52″W  /  30.60139°N 96.31444°W  / 30.60139; -96.31444 (30.601433, –96.314464). It

2625-621: The New Urbanism movement. To accommodate the New Urbanist vision of walkable communities combining cafés , restaurants , offices and residential development in a single area, mixed-use zones have been created within some zoning systems. These still use the basic regulatory mechanisms of zoning, excluding incompatible uses such as heavy industry or sewage farms , while allowing compatible uses such as residential, commercial and retail activities so that people can live, work and socialise within

2700-534: The United Kingdom and the City of Houston , Texas . Most zoning systems have a procedure for granting variances (exceptions to the zoning rules), usually because of some perceived hardship caused by the particular nature of the property in question. The origins of zoning districts can be traced back to antiquity . The ancient walled city was the predecessor for classifying and regulating land, based on use. Outside

2775-564: The United States with the Los Angeles zoning ordinances of 1904 and the New York City 1916 Zoning Resolution . There are a great variety of zoning types, some of which focus on regulating building form and the relation of buildings to the street with mixed uses, known as form-based, others with separating land uses, known as use-based, or a combination thereof. Use-based zoning systems can comprise single-use zones, mixed-use zones - where

2850-553: The "Northgate Music Festival" in 2002. In 2006, the city council incorporated Northgate as a special tax zone to finance additional improvements and expansions. Live music is a major draw to the Northgate area. Many well-known musicians, especially in the Texas country music scene, initially performed in the Northgate area. Notable names include Robert Earl Keen , Grammy award-winner Lyle Lovett , Dub Miller, and Roger Creager . The district

2925-574: The 15th-largest metropolitan area in Texas with 268,248 people as of 2020. College Station is home to the main campus of Texas A&M University , the flagship institution of the Texas A&;M University System . The city owes its name and existence to the university's location along a railroad. Texas A&M's triple designation as a land-grant university , National Sea Grant College Program , and National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program reflects

3000-444: The College Station and Northgate College Station post offices. As of May 2008, the local unemployment hovered around 3 to 4%, among the lowest in Texas. This rate is largely attributed to the significant role the university plays in the local economy. However, underemployment is an ongoing issue. Post Oak Mall was the city's first mall and is currently the largest mall in the Brazos Valley . The 82-acre (330,000 m ) mall

3075-624: The ability of those that wish to provide charitable housing from doing so. For example, in 2022, Gloversville's Free Methodist Church in New York wished to provide 40 beds for the homeless population in -4 degree weather and were inhibited from doing so. Corruption is a challenge for zoning. Some have argued that zoning laws increase economic inequality . Empirical effectiveness estimates show some zoning approaches can contribute to housing crisis . The legal framework for land use zoning in Australia

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3150-534: The advent of zoning. A notable example is Adelaide in South Australia , whose city centre, along with the suburb of North Adelaide , is surrounded on all sides by a park, the Adelaide Park Lands . The park was designed by Colonel William Light in 1836 in order to physically separate the city centre from its suburbs. Low density residential areas surround the park, providing a pleasant walk between work in

3225-403: The age of 18 living with them, 32.2% were married couples living together, 6.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 58.0% were not families. About 27.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.98. The racial makeup of the city as of 2019

3300-641: The broad scope of the research endeavors it brings to the city, with ongoing projects funded by agencies such as NASA , the National Institutes of Health , the National Science Foundation , and the Office of Naval Research . College Station's origins date from 1860, when the Houston and Texas Central Railway began to build through the region. Eleven years later, the site was chosen as the location for

3375-462: The campus would be a boon for revenues, the first business district was established in College Station near the campus, taking its name for the closest on-campus landmark: the north gate. When the city was incorporated in 1938, its first City Hall was opened in the new district. In 1994, restoration efforts began to revitalize the ailing area. A four-day music festival, "North By Northgate", was introduced in 1998 and has become an annual tradition, renamed

3450-624: The case in London or New York. The construction of the Montparnasse Tower in 1973 led to an outcry. As a result, two years after its completion the construction of buildings over seven storeys high in the city centre was banned. Performance zoning, also known as flexible or impact zoning or effects-based planning, was first advocated by Lane Kendig in 1973. It uses performance-based or goal-oriented criteria to establish review parameters for proposed development projects. Performance zoning may use

3525-435: The city adopted a council-manager system of city government. Population growth accelerated following World War II as the nonstudent population reached 7,898 in 1950, 11,396 in 1960, 17,676 in 1970, 30,449 in 1980, 52,456 in 1990, and 67,890 in 2000. The Bryan-College Station metropolitan area's population crossed 270,000 people in 2018. In the 1990s, College Station and Texas A&M University drew national attention when

3600-482: The city of Miami did in 2019. The incorporation of ICTs to measure metrics such as walkability , and the flexibility and adaptability that smart zoning can provide, have been cited as advantages of smart zoning over "non-smart" performance or form-based codes. Floating zones describe a zoning district's characteristics and codify requirements for its establishment, but its location remains unspecified until conditions exist to implement that type of zoning district. When

3675-460: The city walls were the undesirable functions, which were usually based on noise and smell. The space between the walls is where unsanitary and dangerous activities occurred such as butchering, waste disposal, and brick-firing. Within the walls were civic and religious places, and where the majority of people lived. Beyond distinguishing between urban and non-urban land, most ancient cities further classified land types and uses inside their walls. This

3750-519: The city within and the family homes outside. Sir Ebenezer Howard , founder of the garden city movement , cited Adelaide as an example of how green open space could be used to prevent cities from expanding beyond their boundaries and coalescing. His design for an ideal city, published in his 1902 book Garden Cities of To-morrow , envisaged separate concentric rings of public buildings, parks, retail space, residential areas and industrial areas, all surrounded by open space and farmland. All retail activity

3825-464: The community the Wellborn district. Wellborn is often mispronounced as 'well-born' but is pronounced by locals as 'Well-burn'. As of the 2020 United States census , there were 120,511 people, 41,682 households, and 20,487 families residing in the city. As of the census of 2000, 67,890 people, 24,691 households, and 10,370 families resided in the city. Of the 24,691 households, 21.0% had children under

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3900-452: The community's desired character and intensity of development. The French planning system is mostly form-based; zones in French cities generally allow many types of uses. The city of Paris has used its zoning system to concentrate high-density office buildings in the district of La Défense rather than allow heritage buildings across the city to be demolished to make way for them, as is often

3975-541: The community’s poverty rate." The city of College Station has a council-manager form of government. Voters elect the members of a city council, who pass laws and make policy. The council hires a professional city manager who is responsible for day-to-day operations of the city and its public services. The Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ) operates the Bryan District Parole Office in College Station. The United States Postal Service operates

4050-634: The complexity of preparing an impact study for each project, and can require the supervising authority to exercise a lot of discretion. Performance zoning has not been adopted widely in the US. Incentive zoning allows property developers to develop land more intensively, such as with greater density or taller buildings, in exchange for providing some public benefits, such as environmental amenities or affordable housing units. The public benefits most often incentivised by US cities are "mixed-use development, open space conservation, walkability, affordable housing, and public parks." Incentive zoning allows for

4125-427: The concept that with land ownership comes the right of use of land, or land development . These land-based development rights can, in some jurisdictions, be used, unused, sold, or otherwise transferred by the owner of a parcel. These are typically used to transfer development rights from rural areas (sending sites) to urban areas (receiving sites) with more demand and infrastructure to support development. Spot zoning

4200-514: The criteria for implementation of a floating zone are met, the floating zone ceases "to float" and its location is established by a zoning amendment. Cluster zoning permits residential uses to be clustered more closely together than normally allowed, thereby leaving substantial land area to be devoted to open space. Cluster zoning has been favored for its preservation of open space and reduction in construction and utility costs via consolidation, although existing residents may often disapprove due to

4275-538: The day. Single-use zoning and urban sprawl have also been criticized as making work–family balance more difficult to achieve, as greater distances need to be covered in order to integrate the different life domains. These issues are especially acute in the United States, with its high level of car usage combined with insufficient or poorly maintained urban rail and metro systems. Some economists claim that zoning laws work against economic efficiency, reduce responsiveness to consumer demands and hinder development in

4350-452: The distinctive form of many cities in the United States , Canada , Australia , and New Zealand , in which a very dense urban core , often containing skyscrapers , is surrounded by low density residential suburbs , characterised by large gardens and leafy streets . Some metropolitan areas such as Minneapolis–Saint Paul and Sydney have several such cores. Mixed-use zoning combines residential, commercial, office, and public uses into

4425-514: The district spans about 145 acres (0.59 km ), bounded by Wellborn Road to the west, South College Avenue to the east, the College Station city limits to the north, and University Drive to the south. The district is the home of the Dixie Chicken . Northgate's roots started in the 1930s as the city began enjoying rapid population growth from the influx of Texas A&M University students, professors, and their families. Realizing that proximity to

4500-409: The fields of archaeology , botany , conchology , cultural history , geology , mammalogy , ornithology , and paleontology in the region. 30°39′36″N 96°18′00″W  /  30.6600°N 96.3000°W  / 30.6600; -96.3000 This Texas state location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . College Station, Texas College Station

4575-409: The highest poverty rate among U.S. cities with populations over 100,000. However, this statistic is likely impacted by the fact that Texas A&M University has the largest student enrollment in the U.S. . The U.S. Census Bureau has noted that "both in small counties with a large university and in large counties with multiple universities, the presence of college students who live off campus raises

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4650-489: The mall's stores. Two full power local commercial television stations included CBS affiliate KBTX-TV (which also includes subchannels affiliated with CW and Telemundo) and MyNetworkTV affiliate KYLE-TV which also airs Fox programming (via Waco-based KWKT-TV ) on its second digital subchannel. Low power television stations KAGS-LD and KRHD-CD respectively air programming from NBC (via Temple-based KCEN-TV ) and ABC (via Waco-based KXXV ). PBS member station KAMU , which

4725-411: The only real variation in weather. Northgate is a mixed-use district north of Texas A&M University that features a combination of businesses, restaurants, apartments, churches, and entertainment. It is known for its eclectic mix of restaurants and bars . A large portion of the stores, bars, and restaurants in Northgate are frequented, patronized, and staffed by Texas A&M students. In total,

4800-427: The physical structure of a community in order to create more walkable and adaptable environments. Form-based zoning codes have five main elements: a regulating plan, public standards, building standards, and precise definitions of technical terms. Form-based codes recognize the interrelated nature of all components of land-use planning—zoning, subdivision, and public works—and integrate them to define districts based on

4875-624: The portion of Bryan ISD located in the City of College Station are zoned for: Stephen F. Austin Middle School, and Bryan High School . Easterwood Airport , owned by Texas A&M, is located 3 miles (4.8 km) southwest of the center of College Station and has flights to Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport . The following people have lived or are currently living in College Station: Zoning In urban planning , zoning

4950-423: The problem of maintaining order between strangers. This order is maintained when, throughout the day and evening, there are sufficient people present with eyes on the street . This can be accomplished in successful urban districts that have a great diversity of uses, creating interest and attracting visitors. Jacobs' writings, along with increasing concerns about urban sprawl, are often credited with inspiring

5025-513: The properties themselves while in other cases the municipality offers the patterns for private development. A hybrid zoning code combines two or more approaches, often use-based and form-based zoning. Hybrid zoning can be used to introduce form and design considerations into an existing community's zoning without completely rewriting the zoning ordinance. Composite zoning is a particular type of hybrid zoning that combines use, form, and site design components: An advantage of composite zoning

5100-452: The proposed Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas, a land-grant school. In 1876, as the nation celebrated its centennial , the school (renamed Texas A&M University in 1963) opened its doors as the first public institution of higher education in the state of Texas. College Station's population grew slowly, reaching 350 in 1884 and 391 at the turn of the century. However, during this time, transportation improvements took place in

5175-621: The size of the parcel, the zoning categories involved, how adjacent properties are zoned and used, and expected benefits and harms to the landowner, neighbors, and community. Conditional zoning is a legislative process in which site-specific standards and conditions become part of the zoning ordinance at the request of the property owner. The conditions may be more or less restrictive than the standard zoning. Conditional zoning can be considered spot zoning and can be challenged on those grounds. Conditional zoning should not be confused with conditional-use permits (also called special-use permits ),

5250-531: The town. In 1900, the I&;GN Railroad was extended to College Station (the Missouri Pacific Railroad Company abandoned the line in 1965), and 10 years later, electric interurban service was established between Texas A&M and the neighboring town of Bryan. A city bus system replaced the interurban in the 1920s. In 1930, the community to the north of College Station, known as North Oakwood,

5325-595: Was 22 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.0 males. Data from the ACS 1-year estimates indicates that the median income for a household in College Station was $ 47,632, a decrease from $ 52,397 reported in the 2020 census . According to Forbes , approximately 28.5% of the population lived below the poverty line in 2021, including 16.4% of those under age 18 and 7.7% of those aged 65 or older. The ACS 1-year estimates suggest this percentage may be as high as 30.2%,

5400-434: Was 77.45% White, 7.74% African American, 0.30% Native American, 10.25% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 6.32% from other races, and 2.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any ethnicity/nationality were 15.6% of the population. In the city, the population was distributed as 14.4% under the age of 18, 51.2% from 18 to 24, 21.3% from 25 to 44, 9.4% from 45 to 64, and 3.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age

5475-441: Was incorporated as part of Bryan. College Station did not incorporate until October 19, 1938, after a 217-39 vote, with John H. Binney as the first mayor. Within a year, the city established a zoning commission, and by 1940, the population had reached 2,184. The city grew under the leadership of Ernest Langford, called by some the "Father of College Station", who began a 26-year stretch as mayor in 1942. Early in his first term,

5550-758: Was practiced in many regions of the world – for example, in China during the Zhou Dynasty (1046 – 256 BC), in India during the Vedic Era (1500 – 500 BC), and in the military camps that spread throughout the Roman Empire (31 BC – 476 AD). Throughout the Age of Enlightenment and Industrial Revolution , cultural and socio-economic shifts led to the rapid increase in the enforcement and invention of urban regulations. The shifts were informed by

5625-516: Was to be conducted within a single glass-roofed building, an early concept for the modern shopping centre inspired by the Crystal Palace . However, these planned or ideal cities were static designs embodied in a single masterplan . What was lacking was a regulatory mechanism to allow the city to develop over time, setting guidelines to developers and private citizens over what could be built where. The first modern zoning systems were applied in

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