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36-577: Braun GmbH ( / b r aʊ n / "brown", German: [bʁaʊn] ) is a German consumer products company founded in 1921 and based in Kronberg im Taunus . The company is known for its design aesthetic from the 1960s through the 1980s, which included products such as electric shavers, radiograms and record players, movie cameras, slide projectors, clocks, and small kitchen appliances for which "Braun became shorthand for reliable, no-nonsense modernist goods." From 1984 until 2007, Braun

72-444: A consumer for use in or around a permanent or temporary household or residence, a school , in recreation, or otherwise, or (ii) for the personal use, consumption or enjoyment of a consumer in or around a permanent or temporary household or residence, a school, in recreation, or otherwise; but such term does not include— (A) any article which is not customarily produced or distributed for sale to, or use or consumption by, or enjoyment of,

108-417: A consumer, It then goes on to list eight additional specific exclusions and further details. Final goods can be classified into the following categories: Consumer durable goods usually have a significant lifespan , which tends to be at least one year, based on the guarantee or warranty period. The maximum life depends upon the durability of the product or goods. Examples include tools, cars, and boats. On

144-586: A lightness of touch while still clean-lined in keeping with functionalist philosophy. For nearly 30 years Dieter Rams served as head of design for Braun A.G. until his retirement in 1995, when Peter Schneider succeeded him. Other designers who worked in Braun's design department include Gerd Alfred Muller , Reinhold Weiss , Richard Fischer, Robert Oberheim, Florian Seiffert, Hartwig Kahlcke, Herbert Hirche , Fritz Eichler (Designer)  [ de ] , Roland Ullmann  [ de ] , and Ludwig Littmann. Many of

180-601: A lot of selection and comparison based on various parameters such as cost, brand, style, comfort etc., before buying an item. Shopping goods are costlier than convenience goods and are durable in nature. Consumer goods companies usually try to set up their shops and show rooms in active shopping areas to attract customer attention and their main focus is to do much advertising and promotion to attract more customers. Examples include clothing items, televisions, radios, footwear, home furnishings, etc. Specialty goods are unique in nature; these are unusual and luxurious items available in

216-546: A wholly owned subsidiary of P&G. In 2006 Procter & Gamble sold Braun's Health Products division to Kaz , now a subsidiary of Helen of Troy Limited , along with licensing the use of Braun's trademark in the specific health products market. In early 2008, P&G discontinued sales of Braun appliances, except certain appliances such as shavers and electric toothbrushes, in the United States market. Elsewhere, however, Braun kept selling all its core categories until 2012, when

252-535: A youthful Dieter Rams together with Herbert Lindinger and the pioneer of system design, Hans Gugelot , then lecturer of design at the Ulm School of Design. Rams soon became the most influential designer at Braun. Rams was a key figure in the German design renaissance of the late 1950s and 1960s. Eventually becoming head of Braun's design staff, Rams' influence was soon evidenced in many products. Braun's audio equipment and

288-539: The yellow, red and orange goods classification system. Convenience goods are regularly consumed and easily available. Generally, convenience goods come in the category of nondurable goods such as fast foods, cigarettes and tobacco with low value. Convenience goods are sold mostly by wholesalers or retailers to make them available to the consumers in goods or large volume. Convenience goods can further be divided into staple convenience consumer goods and impulse convenience consumer goods. Staple convenience consumer goods are

324-683: The 1960s, Braun created the Rams -designed T3 pocket radio. By this time, Braun's film slide projectors were featuring high-quality optics and all-metal construction combined with sleek functionalist styling, and competed with higher-end Eastman Kodak and Leitz products in the global market. Braun also started distributing in Germany high-end medium-format SLR system cameras produced by Japanese camera manufacturer Zenza Bronica , as well as Braun-Nizo brand cameras and Super 8 film cameras (formerly of Niezoldi & Krämer GmbH; purchased by Braun in 1962). In 1967,

360-518: The Boston, Massachusetts-based conglomerate Gillette Group acquired a majority share of the company. Erwin Braun, one of Max Braun's sons, took on the sales agency of the LECTRON system product line in 1967. He was very interested in making the teaching of electronics approachable to students all over the world. The LECTRON system was a simple but ingenious product that fit the bill perfectly. The LECTRON System

396-612: The Braun product line relating to kitchen appliances was purchased by De'Longhi , using the Braun trademark under license from P&G. Braun's products include the following categories: The company was formerly a manufacturer of food processors, radios, slide projectors, Super 8 film cameras and accessories, and high-fidelity sound systems. Today, Braun focuses on its core categories (shaving and grooming, beauty, and hair care). Small household appliances, health and wellness categories, as well as clocks and watches are now run by other companies ( De'Longhi , Zeon, Kaz ) under license. From

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432-631: The LECTRON product line. Mr. Walter retired and gifted the LECTRON assets to the Reha-Werkstatt Oberrad in 2001. The RWO continues to manufacture and sell the LECTRON system to this day. By the 1970s, Braun discontinued its film slide projectors and hi-fi products to focus on consumer appliances such as shavers, razors, coffee makers, clocks, and radios. In 1981, the company's audio and hi-fidelity division, which grew out of Braun's former core business of radios, turntables, and hi-fidelity audio products,

468-488: The basic necessities of the consumer. These goods are easily available and in large quantity: milk, bread, sugar, etc. Impulse convenience consumer goods do not belong to the priority list of the consumer. They are purchased without any prior planning, just on the basis of the impulse : potato wafers, candies, ice creams, cold drinks, etc. Shopping consumer goods are the goods which take lot of time and proper planning before making purchase decision; in this case consumer does

504-408: The circuit schematic diagram illustrated by the symbols on the top of the block. The blocks were held together with magnets behind the conductive plates on the sides and bottom of the block. In 1972, due to pressure from Gillette, the LECTRON assets were sold off to Manfred Walter, the manager of the LECTRON product line at Braun. Mr. Walter formed Lectron, GmbH in 1972 to continue selling and developing

540-432: The company to reverse the sales losses and damage to its product image cost Braun substantial amounts of money. In 1998, Gillette decided to transform Braun AG into a private company before it bought back a 19.9 percent share in its subsidiary The Gillette Company Inc., which Braun had acquired in 1988. The following year, Braun's sales organization was merged with those of Gillette's other business divisions to cut costs. At

576-502: The company was marketing the first fully automatic tray film slide projector known as the PA 1. The 1950s also marked the beginning of the product that Braun is known for today: the electric shaver . Braun's first electric shaver, known as the S 50, was designed in 1938, but World War II delayed its introduction until 1951. It featured an oscillating cutter block with a very thin, yet very stable steel-foil mounted above it. The 1950s also saw

612-489: The consumer but still give satisfaction to the consumer. They are also inseparable and variable in nature: they are thus produced and consumed simultaneously. Examples are haircuts, medical treatments, auto repairs and landscaping. Final goods can be classified into the following categories, which are determined by consumers' buying habits: Convenience goods, shopping goods, and specialty goods are also known as "red goods", "yellow goods", and "orange goods", respectively, under

648-447: The conversation on the role of design today." 50°10′15″N 8°31′45″E  /  50.17083°N 8.52917°E  / 50.17083; 8.52917 Consumer products When used in measures of national income and output , the term "final goods" includes only new goods. For example, gross domestic product (GDP) excludes items counted in an earlier year to prevent double counting based on resale of items. In that context,

684-475: The design Phase I, Phase II, and Phase III in the early 1970s, and later, the AB 20 in 1975, followed by a number of other models. These designs were discontinued by Braun in 2005. In the 1970s, a design approach influenced by pop art began to inspire Braun products, which included many common household appliances and products. Contemporary Braun design of the period incorporated this new approach in bright colours and

720-671: The designs that Rams and the Braun design department produced – from coffee makes to calculators and radios to razors – are held in the collections of museums around the world, including the Museum of Modern Art in New York, the Pompidou Centre in Paris, and the Museum für Angewandte Kunst in Frankfurt. Recent collaborations with designers such as Paul Smith and Virgil Abloh have sought to "open up

756-548: The economic definition of goods also includes what are commonly known as services . Manufactured goods are goods that have been processed in any way. They are distinct from raw materials , but include both intermediate goods and final goods. There are legal definitions. For example, the United States' Consumer Product Safety Act has an extensive definition of consumer product , which begins: CONSUMER PRODUCT.--The term ‘‘consumer product’’ means any article, or component part thereof, produced or distributed (i) for sale to

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792-439: The end of the 1990s, Braun and Gillette suffered losses in several areas. Looking for ways to return to profitability, Gillette considered the disposal of some of Braun's less profitable divisions, such as kitchen appliances and thermometers, but abandoned the idea a few months later when no buyers were found. Braun's sales in those areas began to recover in 2000. Gillette was acquired by Procter & Gamble in 2005, making Braun

828-400: The growing company moved to new premises on Idsteiner Strasse . In 1929, eight years after he started his shop, Max Braun began to manufacture entire radio sets, and his company eventually became one of Germany's leading radio manufacturers. This development continued with the launch of one of the first combined radio and record players , called radiograms, in 1932. In 1935, the Braun brand

864-458: The high-quality "D"-series (D25–D47) 35mm slide projectors from this period are some of the better examples of Functionalist design. Another icon of modern design, but less well known, is the LE1 electrostatic loudspeaker unit (for which technological aspects were licensed from QUAD ). Dieter Rams and Dietrich Lubs are also responsible for the classic range of Braun alarm clocks, collaborating first on

900-591: The market. Specialty goods are mostly purchased by the upper classes of society as they are expensive in nature and difficult to afford for the middle and lower classes. Companies advertise their goods targeting the upper class. These goods do not fall under the category of necessity; rather they are purchased on the basis personal preference or desire. Brand name, uniqueness, and special features of an item are major attributes which attract customers and make them buy such products. Examples include antiques, jewelry, wedding dresses, cars, etc. Unsought goods belong to neither

936-502: The mid-1950s, the Braun brand was closely linked with the concept of German modern industrial design and its combination of functionality and technology. In 1956, Braun created its first design department, headed by Dr. Fritz Eichler , who instituted a collaboration with the Ulm School of Design to develop a new product line. In 1956 the company introduced its famous SK 4 radiogram  [ de ] ("Snow White's Coffin"), designed by

972-444: The most volatile (or cost-dependent) component of consumption. Consumer nondurable goods are purchased for immediate use or for use very soon. Generally, the lifespan of nondurable goods is from a few minutes to up to three years: food, beverages, clothing, shoes and gasoline are examples. In everyday language, nondurable goods get consumed or "used up". Consumer services are intangible in nature. They cannot be seen, felt or tasted by

1008-468: The necessity group of consumer goods list nor to specialty goods. They are always available in the market but are purchased by very few consumers, either based on their interest or their need for some specific reasons. The general public does not purchase such goods often. Examples include snowshoes , fire extinguishers , flood insurance , etc. In the consumer product sector, there have been 107,891 deals announced between 1985 and 2018, which cumulates to

1044-400: The other hand, capital goods , which are tangible in nature, such as machinery or building or any other equipment that can be used in manufacturing of final product, are durable goods with limited lifespans that are determined by manufacturers before their sale. The longevity and the often-higher cost of durable goods usually cause consumers to postpone expenditures on them, which makes durables

1080-401: The production of cigarette lighters. That same year, Braun became a wholly owned subsidiary of Gillette. By the mid-1990s, Braun held a leading position among the world's home appliance manufacturers, but profitability concerns began to surface. Many of Braun's competitors closely imitated Braun designs and had them produced in low-cost labor countries at lower costs. The litigation commenced by

1116-483: The start of kitchen appliances, like the mixer MX 3 and the kitchen machine (Küchenmaschine or kitchen machine) Braun KM 3. The KM 3 is a family of food processors that started with the model KM 3/31 in 1957. Designed by Gerd A. Müller , these machines were built in nearly unchanged form for 36 years until 1993. In 1962, Braun became Braun AG, a publicly traded company. In 1963, the company started distributing microphones by U.S. manufacturer Shure in Germany. Also during

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1152-468: The war, Braun continued to produce state-of-the-art radios and audio equipment , and the company soon became well known for its " high-fidelity " audio and record players, including the famous SK line. Braun was the only foreign licensee of the QUAD electrostatic loudspeaker for a time. In 1954, the company also began producing film slide projectors , a mainstay of its business for the next forty years. By 1956,

1188-457: Was a wholly owned subsidiary of Gillette , which had purchased a controlling interest in the company in 1967. Braun is now a subsidiary of Procter & Gamble , which acquired Gillette in 2005. In 1921, Max Braun  [ de ] (1890–1951), a mechanical engineer, established a small engineering shop in Frankfurt , Germany. In 1923, he began producing components for radio sets. By 1928,

1224-409: Was introduced to the German marketplace in 1966 by Egger-Bahn (a company primarily focused on the 9mm toy train sector). An electronic component, such as a resistor, was placed inside a transparent flat cube with a white cover on the top, which had the electronic symbol and its value. The blocks containing different components and types of connections could be put together to form a working circuit with

1260-423: Was introduced, and the original incarnation of the logotype with the raised " A " was born. At the 1937 World's Fair in Paris , Max Braun received the award For special achievements in phonography . In support of the war effort during World War II, Braun discontinued making products for the civilian sector. In 1944, the Frankfurt factories were almost destroyed, and Max Braun began to rebuild his company. After

1296-429: Was spun off into Braun Electronic GmbH, a legally independent Gillette subsidiary. Braun Electronic GmbH put out its last audio-fi set in 1990 before the business was discontinued. Also, in the early 1980s, Braun sold its photographic and slide projector division to Robert Bosch GmbH . In 1982, Gillette Group moved to integrate Braun with the parent company by taking full control over its operations. In 1984, Braun ceased

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