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60-587: In 1843, politician James Montgomery built a house on a 72 acres (29 ha) lot of land near present-day Waukegan, Illinois , then known as Little Fort. At some point, the property was transferred to William Fay. In 1857, Fay sold the property to John Charles Haines , who used it as a summer residence. A member of the Chicago City Council, Haines was elected Mayor of Chicago the next year. He served two one-year terms and remained active in Illinois politics for

120-674: A voicing distinction per se but what is better termed a "strong"/"weak" distinction. "Strong" consonants, written as voiceless ( ⟨p t k kw⟩ ), are always voiceless, often aspirated , and longer in duration than the "weak" consonants, which are written as voiced ( ⟨b d g gw⟩ ) and are often voiced and are not aspirated. Nasals before another consonant become syllabic , and /tː/ , /t/ , and /n/ are dental : [t̪ː t̪ n̪] . Lenis type consonants can frequently be voiced in various surroundings as [b d dʒ ɡ ɡʷ] for plosives and affricates, and [z ʒ] for fricatives. Though no standard orthography has been agreed upon by

180-651: A Racial Category (2023) NH=Non-Hispanic Racial Makeup of Hispanics in Waukegan (2023) As of the 2010 United States Census , 89,078 people were living in the city. The racial makeup of the town was 46.6% White (21.7% non-Hispanic White), 19.2% African-American , 4.3% Asian , 1.2% Native American, 0.1% Pacific Islander , 24.6% some other race, and 4.1% of two or more races . 53.4% were Hispanic or Latino (of any race). Majority of residents of Latin American descent in Waukegan are of Mexican descent, Waukegan also has one of

240-452: A call for intervention from the state militia. Noted organized crime boss Johnny Torrio served time in Waukegan's Lake County jail in 1925. He installed bulletproof covers on the windows of his cell at his own expense for fear of assassination attempts. The Waukegan urban area developed independently of Chicago, before being officially incorporated into the Chicago metropolitan area during

300-474: A considerable Armenian population. One member of this community, Monoog Curezhin, even became embroiled in an aborted plot to assassinate Sultan Abdul Hamid II , reviled for his involvement in massacres of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire . Curezhin lost two fingers on his right hand while testing explosives for this purpose in Waukegan in 1904. By the 1920s and 1930s, African Americans began to migrate to

360-811: A considerable amount of vocabulary from the Sauk . Generally, in developments since Indian Removal in the 19th century, Potawatomi has become differentiated in North America among separated populations. It is divided between Northern Potawatomi, spoken in Ontario, Canada; and Michigan and Wisconsin of the United States; and Southern Potawatomi, which is spoken in Kansas and Oklahoma, where certain Pottawatomi ancestors were removed who had formerly lived in Illinois and other areas east of

420-416: A conversation they had on The Jack Benny Program on Mother's Day of 1950 while they were discussing the itinerary for his summer tour that year: On a 1959 episode of the television game show What's My Line? , Benny quipped to host John Charles Daly They say that I put Waukegan on the map. But it's not true. Waukegan really put me on the map. That's a fact. Nevertheless, Benny did put Waukegan on

480-456: A different system called BWAKA is used. It too is both based on the Roman alphabet and phonemic, with each letter or digraph representing a contrastive sound. The letters used are ' a b c d e e' g h i I j k m n o p s sh t u w y z zh. The traditional system used in writing Potawatomi is a form of syllabic writing. Potawatomi, Ottawa , Sac , Fox and Winnebago communities all used it. Derived from

540-676: A household in the city was $ 42,335, and for a family was $ 47,341. Males had a median income of $ 30,556 versus $ 25,632 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 17,368. About 24% of families and 24.7% of the population were below the poverty line. Over half (54.4%) of the population identified as members of a religious group. The largest group were Roman Catholics, who comprised 31.0% of city residents. Other Christian groups included Lutherans (3.2%), Baptists (1.9%), Presbyterians (1.6%), and Methodists (1.5%); about 11% adhered to other Christian denominations. Other faiths practiced include Judaism (2.7%) and Islam (1.4%). Christ Episcopal Church on

600-497: A new summer camp for the children of Hull House , a settlement house in Chicago. Addams had previously rented land in Wisconsin and Michigan , but these campgrounds suffered from bad weather and a lack of maintenance. A realtor provided Addams with a list of three hundred potential camp properties, so she went on a trip with fellow Hull House administrator Louise DeKoven Bowen to visit sixty-seven candidates. Addams and Bowen purchased

660-526: A nominal fee to help maintain the property and to give them a sense of responsibility. The Chicago and North Western Railway provided free transportation for the children throughout the club's history. Over 40,000 children attended the Bowen Country Club from 1912 to 1963. During the off-season, the club was used for conferences and other private uses. In 1963, the Hull House Association sold

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720-490: A portion of the protesters looted and damaged local businesses along Lewis Avenue from Glen Flora Street north into the Village of Beach Park . According to local activist Ralph Peterson, who organized the earlier peaceful march moving east along Grand Avenue into the downtown area, two intoxicated locals and about five “professional provocateurs” not recognized by attendees attempted to incite to violence 50-75 protesters gathered at

780-488: A ringing fire alarm. During the middle of the 19th century, Waukegan was becoming an important industrial hub. Industries included ship and wagon building, flour milling, sheep raising, pork packing, and dairying. William Besley's Waukegan Brewing Company was one of the most successful of these businesses, being able to sell beyond America. The construction of the Chicago and Milwaukee Railway through Waukegan by 1855 stimulated

840-450: A single term. Waukegan is the hometown of comedian Jack Benny (1894–1974), one of the 20th century's most notable and enduring entertainers. Although Benny claimed for decades on his radio and television shows to have been born in Waukegan, he was actually born at Mercy Hospital in Chicago. Despite this, Benny's affection for the town where he grew up can clearly be felt by this exchange with his wife and co-star Mary Livingstone during

900-782: Is 108 °F (42 °C), which was set in July 1934, while the record low is −27 °F (−33 °C), set in January 1985. Waukegan's proximity to Lake Michigan helps cool the city throughout the year. Waukegan contains three Superfund sites of hazardous substances that are on the National Priorities List . In 1975, PCBs were discovered in Waukegan Harbor sediments. Investigation revealed that during manufacturing activities at Outboard Marine Corporation (OMC), hydraulic fluids containing PCBs had been discharged through floor drains at

960-715: Is a Central Algonquian language . It was historically spoken by the Pottawatomi people who lived around the Great Lakes in what are now Michigan and Wisconsin in the United States , and in southern Ontario in Canada . Federally recognized tribes in Michigan and Oklahoma are working to revive the language. Potawatomi is a member of the Algonquian language family (itself a member of

1020-462: Is known as "Scoop Unplugged". The City of Waukegan is run on a mayor–council government . The city government consists of a single elected mayor and city clerk, with a city council composed of nine alderpersons, who are elected to represent the nine wards of the city. Any new membera are sworn on the first Monday in May of their respective election year, as it coincides with the first city council meeting of

1080-667: Is named after him. Pro Football Hall of Fame quarterback Otto Graham (1921–2003) was born and raised in Waukegan and attended nearby Northwestern University on a basketball scholarship, though football soon became his main sport. Graham played quarterback for the Cleveland Browns in the All-America Football Conference (AAFC) and National Football League (NFL), taking his team to league championships every year between 1946 and 1955, winning seven of them. While most of Graham's statistical records have been surpassed in

1140-479: Is on the shore of Lake Michigan , about 11 miles (18 km) south of the border with Wisconsin and 37 miles (60 km) north of downtown Chicago at an elevation around 650 feet (200 m) above sea level. Chicago has two major streets that venture north to Waukegan, one being Sheridan Road , which extends north from Diversey Parkway in Lincoln Park . The second street is Milwaukee Avenue , which starts at

1200-476: The /h/ , written ⟨ A ⟩ , is optional. Potawatomi has six parts of speech: noun, verb, pronoun, prenoun, preverb, and particle. There are two main types of pronoun: personal pronouns and demonstrative pronouns. As nouns and verbs use inflection to describe anaphoric reference , the main use of the free pronouns is for emphasis. Personal pronouns, because of vowel syncope , resemble those of Odaawaa but structurally resemble more those in

1260-500: The 2000 census . This inclusion took place as a result of suburban sprawl , effectively dissolving the region's identity as self-standing. Despite this, Waukegan has retained a distinct industrial character in contrast to many of the residential suburbs along Chicago's North Shore . The financial disparity created by the disappearance of manufacturing from the city in part contributed to the Waukegan riot of 1966 . Central to this event and

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1320-466: The 2020 census , its population was 89,321, making it the seventh-most populous city within the Chicago metropolitan area and the 10th-most populous city in Illinois . Unlike nearby wealthy North Shore suburbs, Waukegan has long been classified by the Illinois state government as overall "socioeconomically distressed" despite having some middle class inhabitants. The site of present-day Waukegan

1380-566: The Mississippi River . Here, the phonology of the Northern dialect is described, which differs somewhat from that of the Southern dialect, spoken in Kansas. There are five vowel phonemes , four diphthongs , and nineteen consonant phonemes. ⟨é⟩ , which is often written as ⟨e'⟩ , represents an open-mid front unrounded vowel, / ɛ / . ⟨e⟩ represents

1440-465: The Powers Bluff , Wisconsin, area, has a series of Potawatomi videos, a website, and books available to preserve the language. The federally recognized Pokégnek Bodéwadmik Pokagon Band of Potawatomi started a master-apprentice program in which a "language student (the language apprentice) will be paired with fluent Potawatomi speakers (the language masters)" in January 2013. In addition, classes in

1500-517: The Swampy Cree language : The relatively-recent split from Ojibwe makes Potawatomi still exhibit strong correspondences, especially with the Odaawaa (Ottawa) dialect. Cecelia Miksekwe Jackson , one of the last surviving native speakers of Potawatomi, died in May 2011, at the age of 88. She was known for working to preserve and teach the language. Donald Neaseno Perrot, a native speaker who grew up in

1560-489: The schwa , /ə/ , which has several allophonic variants. Before /n/ , it becomes [ɪ] ; before /kː/ , /k/ , /ʔ/ and word-finally, it becomes [ʌ] . ⟨o⟩ is pronounced /u/ in Michigan and /o/ elsewhere. When it is in a closed syllable, it is pronounced [ʊ] . There are also four diphthongs, /ɛj ɛw əj əw/ , spelled ⟨éy éw ey ew⟩ . Phonemic /əj əw/ are realized as [ɪj ʌw] . Obstruents , as in many other Algonquian languages, do not have

1620-445: The OMC plant, directly to Waukegan Harbor and into ditches discharging into Lake Michigan. The OMC plants were subsequently added to the National Priorities List , and was designated as one of 43 Great Lakes Areas of Concern . Cleanup of the site began in 1990, with OMC providing $ 20–25 million in funding. During the OMC cleanup, additional soil contaminants were found at the location of

1680-620: The Potawatomi communities, the system most commonly used is the "Pedagogical System" developed by the Wisconsin Native American Languages Program (WNALP). As the name suggests, it was designed to be used in language teaching. The system is based on the Roman alphabet and is phonemic, with each letter or digraph representing a contrastive sound. The letters used are a b ch d e é g ' h i j k m n o p s sh t w y z zh. In Kansas,

1740-586: The Roman alphabet, it resembles handwritten Roman text. However, unlike the Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics or the Cherokee alphabet , it has not yet been incorporated into the Unicode standards. Each Potawatomi syllabic block in the system has at least two of the seventeen alphabetic letters, which consist of thirteen consonants and four vowels. Of the thirteen phonemic consonantal letters,

1800-568: The asbestos was completed. However, additional asbestos contamination was found outside the Johns-Manville property, which will require further cleanup. The Yeoman Creek Landfill is a Superfund site located 1.5 miles (2.4 km) west of the Johns Manville site. The site operated as a landfill from 1959 to 1969. In 1970, it was discovered that the lack of a bottom liner in the landfill had allowed leachate to enter groundwater, contaminating

1860-473: The broken windshield, subsequent reports revealed that the officer was not married. The sailors called for lynchings, but were kept back by the intervention of the police. Marines and sailors renewed their attack on the hotel several days later. The Sherman House residents fled for their lives as the military members carried torches, gasoline, and the American flag. The Waukegan police once again turned them away, but not before firing and wounding two members of

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1920-534: The city was 30.92% White, 19.21% African American, 0.54% Native American, 3.58% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 22.96% from other races, and 3.50% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 44.82% of the population. Of the 27,787 households, 40.4% had children under 18 living with them, 49.5% were married couples living together, 14.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.0% were not families. About 24.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.5% had someone living alone who

1980-524: The city were: The city has plans for redevelopment of the lakefront. The lakefront and harbor plan calls for most industrial activity to be removed, except for the Midwest Generation power plant and North Shore wastewater treatment facilities. The existing industry would be replaced by residential and recreational space. The city also set up several tax increment financing zones, which have been successful in attracting new developers. The first step in

2040-450: The city, mostly from the South . The town was afflicted with racial strife. In June 1920, an African-American boy allegedly hit the car of an off-duty sailor from nearby Great Lakes Naval Base with a rock, and hundreds of white sailors gathered at Sherman House, a hotel reserved for African Americans. Although newspaper reports and rumors suggested that the officer's wife was hit with glass from

2100-663: The club to the Waukegan Park District for $ 360,000; the associated had found a new camp in East Troy, Wisconsin . A ground formed from the Waukegan Area Council of Church, Waukegan Area of the Lake County Welfare Council, and some other local churches were granted a license to use the park for $ 1,200 per year. The council was dissolved four years later and the Waukegan Park District assumed full operation of

2160-414: The confrontations, and over twenty people were arrested with no injuries reported. Upon finding that the vast majority of rioters were Waukegan residents, Cunningham stated, “That really hurts, that you would hurt your own block, your own store, your own business, your own neighborhood, city.” The next day, local business owners and volunteers gathered to clean up the damage. Later on Monday, another protest

2220-513: The corner of Glen Flora and North Lewis Avenue. Following the arrival of police, Peterson and Clyde McLemore, founder of the Lake County chapter of Black Lives Matter , attempted to disperse the crowd and diffuse police confrontations. Many in the dispersed and agitated crowd then began damaging and looting local businesses near Waukegan Plaza, as well as confronting arriving police with displays of violence and damage to police vehicles. The crowd size

2280-416: The corner of Grand Avenue and West Street is a historic church, one of the first ones in Waukegan. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago operates Catholic churches. On July 1, 2020, St. Anastasia Parish and St. Dismas Parish merged, with the former having the parish school and the latter having the parish church. According to Waukegan's 2019 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in

2340-575: The crowd. The police were not always so willing to protect Waukegan's citizens. The chief of police and the state's attorney in the 1920s, for example, were avowed members of the Ku Klux Klan , facts that came to light when a wrongfully convicted African-American war veteran was released from prison on appeal after 25 years. Labor unrest also occurred regularly. In 1919, a strike at the US Steel and Wire Company – which had acquired Washburn & Moen – led to

2400-482: The former Waukegan Manufactured Gas and Coke Company. Soil removal was completed at the coke site in 2005, and cleanup of that soil will continue for several years. The Johns Manville site is located 1 mi (1.6 km) north of the OMC site. In 1988, asbestos contamination found in groundwater and air prompted listing on the National Priorities List and subsequent cleanup. In 1991, the soil cover of

2460-712: The growth and rapid transformation and development of the city's industry, so much that nearly 1000 ships were visiting Waukegan harbor every year. During the 1860s, a substantial German population began to grow inside the city. Waukegan's development began in many ways with the arrival of industries such as United States Sugar Refinery, which opened in 1890, Washburn & Moen, a barbed-wire manufacturer that prompted both labor migration and land speculation beginning in 1891, U.S. Starch Works, and Thomas Brass and Iron Works. Immigrants followed, mostly from southeastern Europe and Scandinavia, with especially large groups from Sweden, Finland, and Lithuania. The town also became home to

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2520-485: The highest Honduran population in Illinois, as well as many Puerto Rican, Cuban, and Central American descendants. 5.3% of Waukegan's non-Hispanic white population were of German ancestry. As of the census of 2000, 87,901 people, 27,787 households, and 19,450 families resided in the city. The population density was 1,475.0 people/km (3,820 people/sq mi). The 29,243 housing units had an average density of 490.7 units/km (1,271 units/sq mi). The racial makeup of

2580-560: The house at 518 Clayton Street is the only one of them still standing. It was designated a landmark by the town on April 17, 2006. Science-fiction author and novelist Ray Bradbury (1920–2012) was born in Waukegan. Although he moved with his family to the West Coast while still a child, many of his stories are built on his formative years in the town of Waukegan, often called Green Town in his stories, such as Dandelion Wine . The Ray Bradbury Park, located at 99 N. Park Ave. in Waukegan,

2640-434: The intersection of Desplaines Street and Kinzie Street in downtown Chicago. According to the 2010 census, Waukegan has a total area of 24.50 square miles (63.45 km ), of which 0.24 square miles (0.62 km ), or 0.99%, is covered by water. Waukegan is located within the humid continental climate zone ( Köppen : Dfa ) with warm to hot (and often humid) summers, and cold and snowy winters. The record high temperature

2700-568: The land from Buck on December 11 after seeing the site. They renamed the land the Joseph Tilton Bowen Country Club after Bowen's recently deceased husband. When the club opened the next year, Bowen had her personal gardener plan a formal gardens, baseball field, vegetable garden, orchard, tennis courts, playground, and croquet club. During the summer, Hull House children attended for two weeks, typically if they were involved in other Hull House activities. Children were asked to pay

2760-540: The larger Algic stock ). It is usually classified as a Central Algonquian language, with languages such as Ojibwe , Cree , Menominee , Miami-Illinois , Shawnee and Fox . The label Central Algonquian signifies a geographic grouping rather than the group of languages descended from a common ancestor language within the Algonquian family. Of the Central languages, Potawatomi is most similar to Ojibwe, but it also has borrowed

2820-687: The map for millions of his listeners, and later viewers, over the years. The community was proud of his success. The Jack Benny Middle School in Waukegan is named in his honor, which Benny said holds as the greatest thrill he had ever experienced. A statue of Benny, dedicated in 2002, stands in downtown facing the Genesee Theater, which hosted the world premiere of his film Man about Town in 1939, with wife Mary, Dorothy Lamour , Phil Harris , Andy Devine , Don Wilson and Eddie "Rochester" Anderson appearing onstage. Benny's family lived in several places in Waukegan during his formative years there, but

2880-557: The modern era, he still holds the NFL record for career average yards gained per pass attempt, with 8.98. He also holds the record for the highest career winning percentage for an NFL starting quarterback, at 0.814. Graham is one of only two people (the other being Gene Conley) to win championships in two of the four major North American sports—1946 NBL (became NBA) and AAFC championship, plus three more AAFC and three NFL championships. Olympian and All-American track star Shakedia Jones (1979–Present)

2940-505: The month. The members of the city council as of 2021 are: Members of the city council serve for four years, and are all elected on the same election year. The last election was in April 2023. The mayor of Waukegan as of 2021 is Ann B. Taylor, the city's first female mayor. She was elected in April 2021, defeating incumbent Sam Cunningham , the city's first African American mayor. Since at least 1996, no mayor has been elected for more than

3000-468: The new name was adopted on March 31, 1849. Waukegan had an abolitionist community dating to these early days. In 1853, residents commemorated the anniversary of emancipation of slaves in the British Empire with a meeting. Waukegan arguably has the distinction of being the only place where Abraham Lincoln failed to finish a speech. When he was campaigning in the town in 1860, he was interrupted by

3060-697: The property. In 1987, the park district completed the Jack Benny Center for the Arts , for the Waukegan Symphony Orchestra and Concert Chorus and the Bowen Park Theatre and Opera Company. Waukegan, Illinois Waukegan ( / w ə ˈ k iː ɡ ən / wə- KEE -ghən ) is an industrial suburb located 36 miles (58 km) north of Chicago . It is the most populous city and county seat of Lake County, Illinois , United States. As of

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3120-507: The remainder of Waukegan's 20th-century history was Robert Sabonjian , who served as mayor for 24 years, and earned the nickname the " Mayor Daley of Waukegan" for his personal and sometimes controversial style of politics. 2020 George Floyd Protests and Unrest On Sunday, May 31, 2020 a peaceful protest in reaction to the George Floyd police shooting in Minneapolis turned violent when

3180-508: The rest of his life, including a stint in the Illinois Senate . Haines built an addition to the house in the early 1870s. He died there on July 4, 1896. In 1909, the property was purchased by Fred W. Buck, the mayor of Waukegan, who intended to deed it to the city of Waukegan as a park. However, the city rejected the offering because it was too far from downtown. The property was unused for two years. In 1911, Jane Addams started to look for

3240-583: The revitalization effort, the opening of the Genesee Theatre , has been completed, many new restaurants have opened, buildings have been renovated, and the City of Waukegan has made substantial investments in the pedestrian areas and other infrastructure. The city has had an annual "Scoop the Loop" summer festival of cruising since 1998, which since 2010 has become a monthly event during the summer. The current incarnation

3300-501: The water with volatile organic compounds and PCBs, and releasing gases that presented an explosion hazard. All major cleanup construction activities were completed in 2005, and monitoring of local water and air continues. The book Lake Effect by Nancy Nichols gives an account of the effects of PCBs on Waukegan residents. The Johns Manville site was cited due to its high concentration of PCBs and asbestos. Racial Makeup of Waukegan (2023) Racial Makeup of Waukegan treating Hispanics as

3360-400: Was 65 or older. The average household size was 3.09, and the average family size was 3.68. In the city, the age distribution was 30.2% under 18, 12.1% from 18 to 24, 33.4% from 25 to 44, 16.4% from 45 to 64, and 7.9% who were 65 or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.1 males. For every 100 females 18 and over, there were 103.2 males. The median income for

3420-849: Was born and raised in Waukegan. Jones earned nine State titles in high school, the most in Illinois history, and went on to compete in the Junior Olympics her junior and senior year. Jones was an All American sprinter at UCLA and was a member of the US Olympic Team at the 2000 Sydney Olympics . For the history see Arthur Zilversmit, Changing schools: Progressive education theory and practice, 1930-1960 (University of Chicago Press, 1993). Potawatomi language Potawatomi ( / ˌ p ɒ t ə ˈ w ɒ t ə m i / , also spelled Pottawatomie ; in Potawatomi Bodwéwadmimwen , Bodwéwadmi Zheshmowen , or Neshnabémwen )

3480-535: Was held at Waukegan Plaza, which was peaceful and caused no damage. On Tuesday, local faith leaders organized a vigil to denounce looting as counterproductive while demanding justice for the shooting of George Floyd. At least one attendee and long-time resident was also present at the 1966 Waukegan Riot and expressed regret that it had occurred again. Waukegan is located at 42°22′13″N 87°52′16″W  /  42.37028°N 87.87111°W  / 42.37028; -87.87111 (42.3703140, −87.8711404). Waukegan

3540-502: Was recorded as Rivière du Vieux Fort ("Old Fort River") and Wakaygagh on a 1778 map by Thomas Hutchins . By the 1820s, the French name had become "Small Fort River" in English, and the settlement was known as "Little Fort". The name "Waukegance" and then "Waukegan" (meaning "little fort"; cf. Potawatomi wakaigin "fort" or "fortress") was created by John H. Kinzie and Solomon Juneau , and

3600-565: Was then estimated have grown to several hundred. Businesses from Glen Flora Avenue north to Yorkhouse Road in Beach Park suffered looting of merchandise, property damage and vandalism. In addition to the Waukegan Police Department, about 100 officers from neighboring departments and several dozen sheriff’s deputies were dispatched to the area. Mayor Sam Cunningham issued a city-wide curfew. Five county squad cars were damaged during

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