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32-569: Bouygues S.A. ( French pronunciation: [bwiɡ] ) is a French engineering group headquartered in the 8th arrondissement of Paris , France. Bouygues is listed on the Euronext Paris exchange and is a blue chip in the CAC 40 stock market index. The company was founded in 1952 by Francis Bouygues and has been led by his son Martin Bouygues since 1989. Martin's older brother, Olivier Bouygues ,

64-519: A Court of Appeal ruling in 2002 which stated that ... when an Adjudicator makes an error in calculating an amount payable to a party, the effect of which is to pay monies which are not due under the contract, that decision would not be void provided the Adjudicator had answered the issue that has been asked of him. Between 2009 and 2011, Bouygues S.A. was illegally employing workers from Poland and Romania exposing them to inhuman working conditions at

96-668: A call option to the French government, allowing it to acquire a maximum of 20% of Alstom, currently owned by the group. In May 2018, the company purchased the Australian construction company A. W. Edwards. In 2021, Bouygues acquired the technical services business, Equans from Engie in a transaction worth €7.1bn. The company carries out the following businesses: Construction Telecoms - Media Transportation Technical services Source : Bouygues Bouygues has been involved in many major construction projects including Bouygues

128-426: A new reactor, Flamanville 3, began on 4 December 2007. The new unit is an Areva European Pressurized Reactor type and is planned to have a nameplate capacity of 1,650 MWe. EDF estimated the cost at €3.3 billion and stated it would start commercial operations in 2012, after construction lasting 54 months. The latest cost estimate (July 2020) is at €19.1 billion, with commissioning planned tentatively at

160-426: A report. Following this, ASN requested EDF to extend the welding checks to other systems. Hot functional tests had to be postponed. In July 2018, EDF further delayed fuel loading to Q4 2019 and increased the project's cost estimate by a further €400 million ($ 467.1 million USD). The latest project cost estimates by EDF amounted to €10.9 billion ($ 12.75 billion USD), three times the original cost estimates. Hot testing

192-586: A response, EDF did not dispute the findings of the court. In the same month, France's energy minister Barbara Pompili noted the high costs and delays, calling the project "a mess". In December 2022, EDF announced a further delay of at least six months with an estimated cost increase of €500 million due to more work to establish a new process for the stress relieving heat treatment of some welds close to sensitive equipment. Estimated total costs increased to €13.2 billion. Fuel loading started on 8 May 2024 and has been completed on 22 May 2024. On 3 September 2024,

224-529: Is a board member. The group specialises in construction ( Colas Group and Bouygues Construction), real estate development (Bouygues Immobilier), media ( TF1 Group ), and telecommunications ( Bouygues Telecom ). The company was founded by Francis Bouygues in 1952. In 1970 Bouygues became listed on the Paris Stock Exchange . In 1985 and 1986, Bouygues acquired road construction groups Screg , Sacer , and Colas ; later reorganised as Colas Group . In 1987

256-689: Is also involved in HS2 lot C1, working as part of joint venture, due to complete in 2031. The Bouygues head office is located at 32 Avenue Hoche in the 8th arrondissement of Paris . The American architect Kevin Roche worked on this building, as well as the previous head office location, the Challenger complex in Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines . This complex, situated in a 30 hectares (74 acres) tract in Guyancourt ,

288-454: Is located in the 8th arrondissement. Air China and China Southern Airlines have their Paris offices in the arrondissement. At one time, the head office of Union des Transports Aériens was located in this arrondissement. The predecessor airline, Union Aéromaritime de Transport , also had its head office in the 8th arrondissement. When Suez existed, its head office was in the 8th arrondissement. When Unibail existed, its head office

320-496: Is now occupied by Bouygues Construction, one of the group's subsidiaries. Since 2006, Bouygues has participated in the United Nations Global Compact . The group sponsors The Shift Project think tank, with several other companies such as EDF, BNP Paribas or Saint-Gobain, which promotes sustainable economic development. In September 2023 Bouygues Construction Expertises Nucléaires (BCEN) was fined €6.2 million after

352-650: The 16th arrondissement . Intégrale : Institut d'enseignement supérieur privé has one of its campuses in the 8th arrondissement. Harvard Business School 's Europe Research Centre is located in rue Francois 1er. Flamanville Nuclear Power Plant The Flamanville Nuclear Power Plant is located at Flamanville, Manche , France on the Cotentin Peninsula . The power plant houses two pressurized water reactors (PWRs) that produce 1.3 GW e each and came into service in 1986 and 1987, respectively. It produced 18.9 TWh in 2005, which amounted to 4% of

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384-519: The French competition regulator found them guilty, along with five other companies, of bid rigging over tenders for work at the Marcoule nuclear site . In this UK construction adjudication matter, the company's UK subsidiary had terminated the employment of its mechanical sub-contractor, Dahl-Jensen (UK). The adjudicator made a mistake in calculating outstanding payments due to Dahl-Jensen, which led to

416-702: The 1999 census, it was the place of employment of more people than any other single arrondissement of the capital. It is also the location of many places of interest, among them the Champs-Élysées , the Arc de Triomphe (partial) and the Place de la Concorde , as well as the Élysée Palace , the official residence and office of the President of France . Most French fashion luxury brands have their main store in 8th arrondissement, Avenue Montaigne or Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré , both in

448-475: The 8th arrondissement: Lycée Chaptal and Lycée Racine . Private high schools: The École de langue japonaise de Paris (パリ日本語補習校 Pari Nihongo Hoshūkō ), a supplementary Japanese education programme , has its offices at the Association Amicale des Ressortissants Japonais en France (AARJF) in the 8th arrondissement. The classes are held at the École Maternelle et Primaire Saint Francois d'Eylau in

480-502: The British loan guarantees for Hinkley Point C require Unit 3 to be operational by 2020, that the regulator will rule on the future of Unit 3 mid-2017 and that one possible outcome of this ruling can delay its opening far beyond 2018, thus jeopardizing the British loan guarantees thereby preventing EDF from building the EPRs at Hinkley Point. In February 2017 renewed delays in the construction of

512-484: The Champs-Élysées Avenue shopping district. As of 2019, the 8th arrondissement had a population of 35,655. The land area of the arrondissement is 3.881 km (1.498 sq mi; 959 acres). The arrondissement had its highest population of 107,485 in 1891. In 1999, it had almost a third of that number, with 39,310 residents. It is one of Paris' least densely populated arrondissements and contains 1.8% of

544-550: The EPR-reactors at Taishan Nuclear Power Plant prompted EDF to state that Flamanville 3 remains on schedule to start operations by the end of 2018, assuming it receives regulator approval. In June 2017, the French regulator issued a provisional ruling that Flamanville 3 is safe to start. In January 2018, cold functional tests were completed. In February, EDF found that some secondary cooling circuit welds did not meet specifications, causing EDF to carry out further checks and issue

576-644: The Flamanville EPR plant has also been questioned due to the danger of flooding of the kind experienced during the 1999 Blayais Nuclear Power Plant flood . In June 2015 multiple faults in cooling system safety valves were discovered by ASN. In September 2015 EDF, announced that the estimated costs had escalated to €10.5 billion, and the start-up of the reactor was delayed to the fourth quarter of 2018. The delays of Unit 3 of Flamanville received additional attention when in December 2016 The Economist reported that

608-523: The attack and posted a 1.2 GB file that allegedly contained data taken from Bouygues Construction. 8th arrondissement of Paris The arrondissement, called Élysée, is situated on the right bank of the River Seine and centered on the Avenue des Champs-Élysées . The 8th arrondissement is, together with the 1st , 9th , 16th and 17th arrondissements , one of Paris' main business districts. According to

640-574: The company started operating the television channel TF1 and in 1988 Bouygues moved into its new head office, the Challenger complex, in Saint-Quentin en Yvelines . In 1996 the company launched Bouygues Télécom and in 2006 the company acquired 23.26% of Alstom . In 2010, through its subsidiary Nerem Telecom, Bouygues also acquired HGT Telecom for $ 170 million from Henri Benezra and his brother Avi. In 2014, consecutively to Alstom 's cession of its Energy activities to General Electric , Bouygues granted

672-606: The construction site of the Flamanville nuclear power plant in Normandy . The company was later condemned for their practices before the court in Cherbourg and was ordered to pay sanctions of between €25,000 and €29,950. On 30 January 2020 a ransomware-type virus was detected on Bouygues Construction's computer network although operational activity on the construction sites was disrupted. The "Maze Ransomware Gang" claimed responsibility for

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704-468: The electricity production in France. In 2006 this figure was about 3.3%. At the time, there were 671 workers regularly working at the plant. A third reactor at the site, an EPR unit, began construction in 2007 with its commercial introduction scheduled for 2012. As of 2020 the project was more than five times over budget and years behind schedule. Various safety problems have been raised, including weakness in

736-520: The end of 2022. On 3 December 2012 EDF announced that the estimated costs have escalated to €8.5 billion ($ 11 billion), and the completion of construction was being delayed to 2016. The next day the Italian power company Enel announced it was relinquishing its 12.5% stake in the project, and five future EPRs. They would be reimbursed for their project stake of €613 million plus interest. In November 2014 EDF announced that completion of construction

768-570: The end of 2022. It is estimated the repairs will add €1.5 billion to the costs, bringing the total to €12.4 billion. Further cost increases due to additional time needed to repair 110 defective welds have increased the cost to €12.7 billion. In July 2020, the French Court of Audit finalised an eighteen-month in-depth analysis of the project, concluding that the total estimated cost reaches up to €19.1 billion. The severe delays incurred additional financing costs, as well as added taxes and levies. In

800-457: The number one reactor to be disconnected from the power grid. EDF initially estimated the reactor would be operational within a week, but later estimated the end of March. Units 1 and 2 were under enhanced surveillance by regulator Autorité de sûreté nucléaire (ASN) from 2019 to 2022 because of shortcomings in some operating activities, a high number of maintenance faults, poor mastery of certain maintenance operations, and inadequate quality of

832-482: The producer for further details and possible consequences. Various safety problems have been raised, including weakness in the steel used in the reactor together with heterogeneity of the steel alloy forged high integrity components used in the reactor pressure vessel, that have also been shown to be present in Japanese-sourced components that have entered the French nuclear equipment supply chain. The safety of

864-443: The reactor started test operation, but the following day it shut down automatically, possibly due to a configuration error. The reactor suffered a second automatic shutdown on September 17. On 9 February 2017 a mechanical problem with a fan in the turbine hall of unit 1 caused an explosion and fire, causing five people to be treated for smoke inhalation . While the non-nuclear accident did not cause any radioactive leak, it did cause

896-529: The steel used in the reactor. In July 2019, further delays were announced, pushing back the commercial introduction date to the end of 2022. In January 2022, more delays were announced, with fuel loading continuing until mid-2023, and again in December 2022, delaying fuel loading to early 2024. Fuel loading was completed in May 2024 and the launch of the reactor was declared "imminent" in late July 2024, eventually starting up in early September 2024. Construction on

928-639: The total population of Paris. An immigrant is a person born in a foreign country not having French citizenship at birth. An immigrant may have acquired French citizenship since moving to France, but is still considered an immigrant in French statistics. On the other hand, persons born in France with foreign citizenship (the children of immigrants) are not listed as immigrants. The head offices of AXA , Bouygues , Électricité de France (EDF), Eurazeo , Ki-oon , Sanofi-Aventis , Engie , HSBC Continental Europe and Suez Environnement are located in this arrondissement. Standard & Poor's ' France office

960-471: Was delayed to 2017 due to delays in component delivery by Areva . In April 2015 Areva informed the French nuclear regulator, Autorité de sûreté nucléaire (ASN), that anomalies had been detected in the reactor vessel steel, causing "lower than expected mechanical toughness values". Segolene Royal , Minister of Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy in the Second Valls Government , asked

992-487: Was in the 8th arrondissement. At one time, Groupe Danone had its head office in the 8th arrondissement. At one time, Alcatel-Lucent 's head office was located in the 8th arrondissement. At one time, Northwest Airlines had its Paris offices in the Madeleine station. At one time, All Nippon Airways operated a sales office in the 8th arrondissement. There are two public sixth-form colleges ( lycée ) in

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1024-467: Was pushed back to the end of 2018. In January 2019, a further one-month delay in hot testing was announced. In June 2019 the regulator ASN determined that eight welds in steam transfer pipes passing through the two-wall containment, that EDF had hoped to repair after startup, must be repaired before the reactor is commissioned. On 29 June 2019, it was announced that the start-up was once again being pushed back, making it unlikely it could be started before

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