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23-629: First Garden: near the Eschenheimer Turm (1767–1907). Frankfurt's first botanical garden was created in the years 1763–1774 by Johann Christian Senckenberg (1707–1772), and was operated by the Senckenberg Foundation as a hortus medicus for the cultivation of medicinal herbs for the foundation's public hospital and medical institute. Its site, about 1 hectare in size, was patterned on Carl Linnaeus ' garden in Uppsala . Until 1867 every director

46-483: A major renovation from spring 2008 until summer 2009. The pedestrian zone was extended to the west as far as the Börsenstraße. This brought drastic changes for motorists because the route via Hauptwache, which is an important north-south connection for individual traffic, was closed. This Hesse location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This German road or road transport-related article

69-517: A replacement for the first gate tower. The architect of the Frankfurt Cathedral, Madern Gerthener , completed the new Eschenheimer Turm in 1426–1428. In 1806–1812 the old city walls were replaced with new fortifications at the command of the Prussian government, and Eschenheimer Turm, along with all the other historic gates and towers, was slated for demolition. At the objection of the ambassador of

92-423: A square base that houses the gate sits a round tower, which culminates in a steep spire appointed with four, small, equally proportioned side turrets and a projecting battlement. Adolfsturm , a similar tower built in the imperial city of Friedberg in 1347, may have served as a model. Originally, Große Eschenheimer Straße led through the gothic arches of the gate, turning into Eschenheimer Landstraße once outside

115-529: Is a street in the city centre of Frankfurt , Germany. The name, which dates back to the 14th century, is derived from the German word Zeile "row" and originally referred to a row of houses on the eastern end of the north side; the name was not extended to the entire street until later. Since the end of the 19th century it has been one of the most famous and busiest shopping streets in Germany. Before World War II it

138-662: The Canary Islands , Caucasus , East Asia , Mediterranean , and North America . The systematic and ecological collection includes crop plants, endangered species , ornamental plants, roses , and the Neuer Senckenbergischer Arzneipflanzengarten (New Senckenberg Medicinal Plant Garden, 1200 m). When the biological institutes of the Goethe University moved to the Riedberg, a new botanical garden,

161-450: The 1320s of buildings erected outside of the city wall testifies to the growing need for expansion. With the permission of Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV, the free imperial city began its so-called "second city expansion," increasing the surface area of the city threefold. In 1343, only ten years after the establishment of the Neustadt , the construction of the city wall began, also approved by

184-691: The French occupying forces, Count d'Hédouville, Eschenheimer Turm was allowed to remain as a monument. Besides Eschenheimer Turm (the most famous of the ca. 60 towers that comprised the city's fortifications), only two other towers—the Rententurm on the Römerberg (Frankfurt's main city square) and Kuhhirtenturm in Alt-Sachsenhausen—were spared demolition. Eschenheimer Turm is 47 metres high, consisting of eight levels and two attics (see diagram, left). Atop

207-597: The Wissenschaftsgarten, was built there and the Botanischer Garten became part of the City of Frankfurt in 2012. Some collections, especially of tropical plants, moved to the new garden, but the majority, mainly temperate plants, remained in place. 50°7′38″N 8°39′30″E  /  50.12722°N 8.65833°E  / 50.12722; 8.65833 Eschenheimer Turm Eschenheimer Turm (Eschenheim Tower)

230-470: The beginning of construction, the cornerstone was laid for a gate tower at the site of the later Eschenheimer Turm , which at the time was simply described as "round." Located at the end of Große Eschenheimer Straße (an extension of the Kornmarkt , the city's second most important north–south axis), the fortification was of great strategic importance. In 1400 the carpenter Klaus Mengoz began construction of

253-437: The city fortifications (the street now goes around the tower). The passage could be closed with a portcullis; rubble and stones were stored on the first level (directly above the gate), with which the passageway could be further barricaded in the event of an attack. On the second level, behind 2.5 m (8 ft.) thick walls, were situated the living quarters of the tower guard, which remained inhabited until 1956. Both sides of

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276-493: The emperor, in order to protect the Neustadt from the diverse dangers that threatened the city at that time. Apart from a central boulevard Zeil , the site of the cattle market and the Roßmarkt  [ de ] , the new town was primarily devoted to gardens and agriculture, rather than residential or commercial buildings. Although the new fortifications took over 100 years to build, on 11 October 1349, merely three years after

299-451: The entrance to the restaurant on the city side of the tower is most likely that of the builder, Gerthener. On top of the tower is an iron weather vane. According to legend, Hans Winkelsee, a poacher who was condemned to death and was being held in custody in the Tower, was able to shoot the figure 9 into the weather vane with nine pistol shots. The city council is said to have been so impressed by

322-697: The example of Eschenheimer Turm, Flatowturm was constructed in Schlosspark Babelsberg in the city of Potsdam . The tower is part of the corporate logo of the former Henninger Bräu AG. Today it serves as the logo for Henninger Kaiser Pils in the Radeberger Gruppe KG. In German: 50°07′01″N 8°40′47″E  /  50.1169°N 8.67972°E  / 50.1169; 8.67972 Zeil 50°06′52″N 8°41′01″E  /  50.11444°N 8.68361°E  / 50.11444; 8.68361 The Zeil ( German: [ˈtsaɪl] )

345-580: The hospitality operations. Quarterly meetings of the association Freunde Frankfurts (the Friends of Frankfurt) continue to be held in the fireplace room, as is reported in the history of the tower. Visits to the tower battlements are also possible. The last renovation of the tower was initiated by Ruth Schwarz a member of the Freunde Frankfurts . Large sections of the original staircase and shelves from 1426 to 1428 have been preserved. In 1853–1856, following

368-465: The only way for pedestrians to cross the plaza or reach the tower. However, in 1992, Eschenheimer tower, which for decades was situated on an inaccessible traffic island, was incorporated into the Schillerstraße pedestrian zone, making it once again accessible to foot traffic. The ground floor has since been repurposed as a bar and restaurant. Furthermore, the fireplace room of the tower guard is used by

391-430: The spectacle that it pardoned Winkelsee. The holes in the weather vane are clearly visible today, but it is no longer the same vane. The tower is now set in a large, very busy plaza, called Eschenheimer Tor (Eschenheimer Gate). Underneath Eschenheimer Tor is a subway station, which was erected in 1963–1968. The subway tunnel passes directly under the foundations of the tower. The midlevel of metro station used to be

414-477: The tower display coats of arms in relief: facing the city is a silver eagle on a red field, the coat of arms the free imperial city of Frankfurt, and on the opposite side is a black double-headed eagle on a golden field, the coat of arms of the Holy Roman Empire. On the inward-facing side of the tower is a covered balcony, whereas the outward-facing side is flanked by two small towers. The portrait in relief over

437-596: Was a city gate, part of the late-medieval fortifications of Frankfurt am Main , and is a landmark of the city. The tower, which was erected at the beginning of the fifteenth century, is at once the oldest and most unaltered building in the largely reconstructed Frankfurter Neustadt (new town), now better known as the Innenstadt (city center). In the early 14th century the Frankfurter Altstadt (old town) gradually began to expand beyond its borders; documentation from

460-515: Was a physician. By 1903, the garden cultivated more than 4,000 species but its extent had been gradually reduced by hospital expansion until just 7,000 m remained. Second Garden: adjacent to the Palmengarten (1907–1958). After lengthy negotiations between the city and foundation, a new, 1.4-hectare site was found just east of the Palmengarten. The move took place in 1907–1908. When the university

483-545: Was also known for its grand buildings, but most of them were destroyed and not rebuilt. The western part of the Zeil is a pedestrian zone between two large plazas, Hauptwache in the west and Konstablerwache in the east. These two plazas serve as major intersections for underground trains, trams and buses. The eastern part of the Zeil, called "New Zeil", connects Konstablerwache with the Friedberger Anlage. The Zeil underwent

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506-536: Was delayed by World War II and the subsequent American occupation, and relocation was finally completed in 1958. A laboratory building and large greenhouse were added in the years 1961–63. Today the garden contains about 5,000 species , with special collections of Rubus (45 species ) and indigenous plants of central Europe . It is organized into two major areas as follows. The geobotanical area contains an alpine garden , arboretum , meadows , steppes , marsh , and pond , as well as collections of plants from

529-424: Was founded in 1914, the garden became a research facility. In the 1930s it was improved by an arboretum , alpine garden , and sand dunes . (The Palmengarten was restored in the 1960s and serves as Frankfurt's other major botanical garden.) Third Garden: Siesmayerstraße (since 1931). From 1931 to 1937, the garden again began relocation to today's site on Siesmayerstraße in the northwestern Grüneburgpark . This move

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