71-422: Border Crossing may refer to: Border Crossing (novel) , a 2001 novel by English author Pat Barker Border Crossing , an album by saxophonist Mike Osborne Border Crossing (adventure) , for the role-playing game Espionage! Border control , the measures used by a country to monitor or regulate its borders Border checkpoint , the actual place to cross
142-477: A book that he is writing. Michelle, ten years old, had bitten off the nose of her foster mother's natural daughter. Jason, showing no hint of remorse, had lit a fire in which four people had died. After several hours of research, Tom meets Roddy Taylor, the director of a medium-security child institution, for lunch. Tom tells him about his inability to get Lauren pregnant, although he suspects that, through Lauren and his wife, Roddy already knows this. Tom reads over
213-580: A border See also [ edit ] Boardercross , a type of snowboard competition Crossing the Border (disambiguation) Crossing Border Festival , an annual festival of music and books in The Hague Wall crossing , a capital fundraising technique Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Border Crossing . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
284-450: A child psychologist, plunges into a river to save a young man from suicide, he unwittingly reopens a chapter from his past he had hoped to forget. For Tom already knows the young man as Danny Miller. When Danny was eleven, Tom presented evidence that helped commit him to prison for the murder of the elderly Lizzie Parks. Danny, full of suppressed memory and now free from prison, turns to Tom to help him recount what really happened, and discover
355-441: A deserted river path. They pass the derelict remnants of their decaying neighbourhood, with numerous buildings awaiting demolition or already burnt to the ground, and litter strewn across the path. They stop to observe a young man pause at the edge of a pier, swallow a handful of pills and disappear into the depths of the icy-cold river. Tom sprints to the boy's aid and, after a moment's hesitation, dives in after him. Struggling with
426-595: A full understanding of death as a permanent state, and had recommended that Danny stand trial for murder in an adult's court. Tom has an unusual dream, beginning with a meeting with his father, who is deceased, and ending with his father's figure morphing into various random objects and a voice whispering, "That's what a great love comes to – a rabbit running between graves." The following day, Tom visits his mother for lunch, evoking further memories of his father. His mother, still grieving for her husband after several years, denies any difficulties, though Tom observes that she
497-410: A hot bath. The couple retreat to bed, for the first time in months not worrying about Lauren's menstrual cycle or pregnancy. Afterwards, Tom deserts a frustrated Lauren and drinks whisky, feeling guilty and inadequate; Lauren had not climaxed. Tom discovers that he had unknowingly traded coats with the boy he'd rescued, and, realising that his mail and a pair of spare keys were in his coat, he travels to
568-528: A nearby AED defibrillator should be used on the patient as soon as possible. As a general reference, defibrillation is preferred to performing CPR, but only if the AED can be retrieved in a short period of time. All these tasks (calling by phone, getting an AED, and the chest compressions and rescue breaths maneuvers of CPR) can be distributed between many rescuers who make them simultaneously. The defibrillator itself would indicate if more CPR maneuvers are required. As
639-788: A particularly tragic murder case that took place in Britain in 1993. On 12 February of that year, two-year-old James Patrick Bulger was taken from his mother's side whilst in a shopping centre, and suffered ten skull fractures as a result of an iron bar striking his head. His body was then placed on railway tracks and covered with stones. The two murderers were found to be Robert Thompson and Jon Venables, both ten years old. The case caused considerable controversy both in Britain and worldwide. Just like Danny in Border Crossing , Thompson and Venables were tried and sentenced as adults. Border Crossing opens with Tom Seymour and his wife Lauren strolling along
710-459: A person's death was somewhat unimportant, because "thousands of people get killed all the time, all over the world." He had conceded that Lizzie Parks' death was important, but not very, because "she'd had her life." Danny had revealed that he still suffered from the effects of her death, sleeping badly, having nightmares, suffering flashbacks, and that everything around him seemed unreal. All this time, Danny had maintained his innocence. Throughout
781-503: A pillow before "play[ing]" with her deceased body. Based on Tom's testimony in court, Danny was sentenced to be tried as an adult, and served seven years at the Long Garth correctional institute. At the age of 18, Danny was transferred to an adult prison, where he was allegedly harassed and sexually abused. Upon his release from prison, under the alias Ian Wilkinson, Danny finds it difficult to fit into society. As Tom's wife, Lauren plays
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#1732847923376852-464: A pulse), if the victim is a child. It can be difficult to determine the presence or absence of a pulse, so the pulse check has been removed for common providers and should not be performed for more than 10 seconds by healthcare providers. For untrained rescuers helping adult victims of cardiac arrest, it is recommended to perform compression-only CPR (chest compressions hands-only or cardiocerebral resuscitation, without artificial ventilation ), as it
923-445: A rate of 1 breath every 6 to 8 seconds (8–10 ventilations per minute). In all victims, the compression speed is of at least 100 compressions per minute. Recommended compression depth in adults and children is of 5 cm (2 inches), and in infants it is 4 cm (1.6 inches). In adults, rescuers should use two hands for the chest compressions (one on the top of the other), while in children one hand could be enough (or two, adapting
994-441: A rate of at least 100 to 120 per minute. The rescuer may also provide artificial ventilation by either exhaling air into the subject's mouth or nose ( mouth-to-mouth resuscitation ) or using a device that pushes air into the subject's lungs ( mechanical ventilation ). Current recommendations place emphasis on early and high-quality chest compressions over artificial ventilation; a simplified CPR method involving only chest compressions
1065-615: A relationship with Martha, by the end of the novel, after Tom's marriage has broken down, he and Martha are together. The elderly woman whom Danny was convicted of murdering at age eleven. Stephen Molton and Frank Pugliese wrote the screenplay for the 2017 movie adaptation titled The Drowning , directed by Bette Gordon and scored by Anton Sanko . The film stars Avan Jogia as Danny Miller, Josh Charles as Tom Seymour and Julia Stiles as Lauren Seymour. Other cast members include Tracie Thoms , Leo Fitzpatrick and John C McGinley . CPR Cardiopulmonary resuscitation ( CPR )
1136-497: A slight variation for that sequence, if the rescuer is completely alone with a victim of drowning, or with a child who was already unconscious when the rescuer arrived, the rescuer would do the CPR maneuvers during 2 minutes (approximately 5 cycles of ventilations and compressions); after that, the rescuer would call to emergency medical services, and then it could be tried a search for a defibrillator nearby (the CPR maneuvers are supposed to be
1207-421: A small but vital role in the novel. Being unable to conceive by Tom, she feels unsatisfied that she is fulfilling any roles in the marriage. Throughout the novel, we witness the marriage between the two break down due to the couple's inability to conceive a child. Eventually, Lauren feels isolated from Tom, deciding that it is best that she finds another man to achieve her goal of having a child. Dr. Bernard Greene
1278-416: A sort of arrhythmia that will stop the heart immediately), it is recommended that someone asks for a defibrillator (because they are quite common in the present time), for trying with it a defibrillation on the already unconscious victim, in case it is successful. Order of defibrillation in a first aid sequence It is recommended calling for emergency medical services before a defibrillation. Afterwards,
1349-511: A sufficient speed and depth of compressions, completely relaxing pressure between compressions, and not ventilating too much. It is unclear if a few minutes of CPR before defibrillation results in different outcomes than immediate defibrillation. A normal CPR procedure uses chest compressions and ventilations (rescue breaths, usually mouth-to-mouth) for any victim of cardiac arrest, who would be unresponsive (usually unconscious or approximately unconscious), not breathing or only gasping because of
1420-421: A teacher, and how the law prohibits him from working with people. Frustrated with his life, Danny had returned to the prison, and Martha Pitt, his parole officer, had collected him from the waiting room. Danny decides that he wants to continue his consultations with Tom, to understand "what happened and why" . He reveals his belief that their meeting was not an accident, but fate, though Tom is still suspicious of
1491-439: Is Angus who most closely approached the root of Danny's emotional distress: his murder of Lizzie Parks. When Danny accuses Angus of sexually harassing him, Angus is quietly let go. When Tom visits Angus during a writer's workshop course that he runs, Angus admits that there was never any sexual contact between himself and Danny. Danny's parole officer, and a good friend of Tom. Despite declaring that he has no interest in entering
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#17328479233761562-409: Is a novel written by English author Pat Barker , and first published in 2001. The novel explores the controversial issue of children who have committed murder, in particular the aftermath after their sentence is served out. A tense psychological thriller, Border Crossing investigates the crimes of particularly violent children, the notion of evil and the possibility of redemption. When Tom Seymour,
1633-554: Is an emergency procedure consisting of chest compressions often combined with artificial ventilation , or mouth to mouth in an effort to manually preserve intact brain function until further measures are taken to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person who is in cardiac arrest . It is recommended for those who are unresponsive with no breathing or abnormal breathing, for example, agonal respirations . CPR involves chest compressions for adults between 5 cm (2.0 in) and 6 cm (2.4 in) deep and at
1704-418: Is easier to perform and instructions are easier to give over a phone. In adults with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest , compression-only CPR by the average person has an equal or higher success rate than standard CPR. The CPR 'compressions only' procedure consists only of chest compressions that push on the lower half of the bone that is in the middle of the chest (the sternum ). Compression-only CPR
1775-416: Is effective only for certain heart rhythms, namely ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia , rather than asystole or pulseless electrical activity , which usually requires the treatment of underlying conditions to restore cardiac function. Early shock, when appropriate, is recommended. CPR may succeed in inducing a heart rhythm that may be shockable. In general, CPR is continued until
1846-468: Is effective only if performed within seven minutes of the stoppage of blood flow. The heart also rapidly loses the ability to maintain a normal rhythm. Low body temperatures, as sometimes seen in near-drownings, prolong the time the brain survives. Following cardiac arrest, effective CPR enables enough oxygen to reach the brain to delay brain stem death , and allows the heart to remain responsive to defibrillation attempts. If an incorrect compression rate
1917-416: Is manual squeezing of the exposed heart itself carried out through a surgical incision into the chest cavity , usually when the chest is already open for cardiac surgery. Active compression-decompression methods using mechanical decompression of the chest have not been shown to improve outcome in cardiac arrest. A defibrillator is a machine that produces a defibrillation: electric shocks that can restore
1988-406: Is necessary for the ventilations, because of the size of the baby's neck. In CPR, the chest compressions push on the lower half of the sternum —the bone that is along the middle of the chest from the neck to the belly— and leave it rise up until recovering its normal position. The rescue breaths are made by pinching the victim's nose and blowing air mouth-to-mouth. This fills the lungs, which makes
2059-612: Is not as good for children who are more likely to have cardiac arrest from respiratory causes. Two reviews have found that compression-only CPR had no more success than no CPR whatsoever. Rescue breaths for children and especially for babies should be relatively gentle. Either a ratio of compressions to breaths of 30:2 or 15:2 was found to have better results for children. Both children and adults should receive 100 chest compressions per minute. Other exceptions besides children include cases of drownings and drug overdose ; in both these cases, compressions and rescue breaths are recommended if
2130-442: Is not indicated if the patient has a normal pulse or is still conscious. Also, it is not indicated in asystole or pulseless electrical activity (PEA) , in those cases a normal CPR would be used to oxygenate the brain until the heart function can be restored. Improperly given electrical shocks can cause dangerous arrhythmias , such as the ventricular fibrillation (VF) . When a patient does not have heart beatings (or they present
2201-415: Is recommended for untrained rescuers. With children, however, 2015 American Heart Association guidelines indicate that doing only compressions may actually result in worse outcomes, because such problems in children normally arise from respiratory issues rather than from cardiac ones, given their young age. Chest compression to breathing ratios is set at 30 to 2 in adults. CPR alone is unlikely to restart
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2272-414: Is slightly more informal than that. Danny explains his difficulties upon being released from prison. He had met a girl, though had broken it off rather than risking her reaction after finding out about his past. He had also been raped in prison , a startlingly intimate revelation which Tom attributes to Danny's distinct lack of sense of normal social distance and pacing. Danny details his ambitions of being
2343-473: Is superior to compression-only CPR. Standard CPR is performed with the victim in supine position . Prone CPR, or reverse CPR, is performed on a victim in prone position , lying on the chest. This is achieved by turning the head to the side and compressing the back. Due to the head being turned, the risk of vomiting and complications caused by aspiration pneumonia may be reduced. The American Heart Association's current guidelines recommend performing CPR in
2414-543: Is that the CPR ventilations (rescue breaths) are considered the most important action for those victims. Cardiac arrest in drowning victims originates from a lack of oxygen, and a child would probably not suffer from cardiac diseases. The reason is that the phone call is considered urgent. In 2010, the AHA and International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation updated their CPR guidelines. The importance of high quality CPR (sufficient rate and depth without excessively ventilating)
2485-467: Is the headmaster of Long Garth correctional institute, where Danny spent the first seven years of his sentence. Tom visits Dr. Greene to learn some vital clues about Danny's past, though he is slightly disappointed with the result. Tom views Greene as a somewhat self-important man, and he responds with disapproval when Greene forces his wife to answer the front door, when he is in a much better position to do so. His wife describes him as being "impervious" to
2556-417: Is used during CPR, going against standing American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines of 100–120 compressions per minute, this can cause a net decrease in venous return of blood, for what is required, to fill the heart. For example, if a compression rate of above 120 compressions per minute is used consistently throughout the entire CPR process, this error could adversely affect survival rates and outcomes for
2627-484: Is withering quickly in the absence of physical love. Before setting off home, Tom visits a pond he used to play in as a child of ten years. He and a friend, Jeff Bridges, had been looking for frog spawn all day, though they had been given the unwanted responsibility of looking after Neil, the four-year-old son of some friends of Jeff's parents. After playing "piggy in the middle" in the garden for about twenty minutes, they had ignored their parents' warnings and had visited
2698-465: The supine position , and limits prone CPR to situations where the patient cannot be turned. During pregnancy when a woman is lying on her back, the uterus may compress the inferior vena cava and thus decrease venous return. It is therefore recommended that the uterus be pushed to the woman's left. This can be done by placing a pillow or towel under her right hip so that she is on an angle of 15–30 degrees, and making sure their shoulders are flat to
2769-558: The blood and maintain a cardiac output to keep vital organs alive. Blood circulation and oxygenation are required to transport oxygen to the tissues. The physiology of CPR involves generating a pressure gradient between the arterial and venous vascular beds; CPR achieves this via multiple mechanisms. The brain may sustain damage after blood flow has been stopped for about four minutes and irreversible damage after about seven minutes. Typically if blood flow ceases for one to two hours, then body cells die . Therefore, in general CPR
2840-471: The body, Tom manages to drag the boy back towards the bank of the river through the thick, repugnant mud. The boy, his face covered in a mud mask, is not breathing, so they perform CPR . After Tom detects a pulse, Lauren rushes back to the house to call an ambulance, which arrives promptly. The paramedics establish that the drowned boy is now stable, and they load him into the ambulance to be taken to hospital. Tom and Lauren arrive back home, and Lauren prepares
2911-573: The bystander is trained and is willing to do so. As per the AHA, the beat of the Bee Gees song " Stayin' Alive " provides an ideal rhythm in terms of beats per minute to use for hands-only CPR, which is 104 beats-per-minute. One can also hum Queen 's " Another One Bites the Dust ", which is 110 beats-per-minute and contains a repeating drum pattern. For those in cardiac arrest due to non-heart related causes and in people less than 20 years of age, standard CPR
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2982-404: The case of babies. Water and metals transmit the electric current. This depends on the amount of water, but it is convenient to avoid starting the defibrillation on a floor with puddles, and to dry the wet areas of the patient before (fast, even with any cloth, if that could be enough). It is not necessary to remove the patient's jewels or piercings, but it should be avoided placing the patches of
3053-436: The chest and the other on the back (no matter which of them). There are several devices for improving CPR, but only defibrillators (as of 2010) have been found better than standard CPR for an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. When a defibrillator has been used, it should remain attached to the patient until emergency services arrive. Timing devices can feature a metronome (an item carried by many ambulance crews) to assist
3124-571: The chest to rise up, and increases the pressure into the thoracic cavity. If the victim is a baby, the rescuer would compress the chest with only 2 fingers and would make the ventilations using their own mouth to cover the baby's mouth and nose at the same time. The recommended compression-to-ventilation ratio, for all victims of any age, is 30:2 (a cycle that alternates continually 30 rhythmic chest compressions series and 2 rescue breaths series). Victims of drowning receive an initial series of 2 rescue breaths before that cycle begins. As an exception for
3195-418: The circumstances. A child psychologist, and the central character of the third-person narrative, Tom originally proclaimed Danny capable of distinguishing between fantasy and reality, and of understanding the notion of death as a permanent state. Tom's testimony in court effectively ensured that Danny was tried as an adult, despite being only eleven years old, and sentenced to twelve years in juvenile prison for
3266-474: The compressions to the child's constitution), and with babies the rescuer must use only two fingers. There exist some plastic shields and respirators that can be used in the rescue breaths between the mouths of the rescuer and the victim, with the purposes of sealing a better vacuum and avoiding infections. In some cases, the problem is one of the failures in the rhythm of the heart (ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia) that can be corrected with
3337-476: The correct shocks if they are needed. The time in which a cardiopulmonary resuscitation can still work is not clear, and it depends on many factors. Many official guides recommend continuing a cardiopulmonary resuscitation until emergency medical services arrive (for trying to keep the patient alive, at least). The same guides also indicate asking for any emergency defibrillator (AED) near, to try an automatic defibrillation as soon as possible before considering that
3408-413: The defibrillator are considered urgent when the problem has a cardiac origin). Defibrillation The standard defibrillation device, prepared for a fast use out of the medical centres, is the automated external defibrillator (AED), a portable machine of small size (similar to a briefcase) that can be used by any user with no previous training. That machine produces recorded voice instructions that guide to
3479-441: The defibrillator directly on top of them. The patches with electrodes are put on the positions that appear at the right. In very small bodies: children between 1 and 8 years, and, in general, similar bodies up to 25 kg approximately, it is recommended the use of children's size patches with reduced electric doses. If that is not possible, sizes and doses for adults would be used, and, if the patches were too big, one would be placed on
3550-467: The electric shock of a defibrillator . So, if a victim is suffering a cardiac arrest, it is important that someone asks for a defibrillator nearby, to try with it a defibrillation process when the victim is already unconscious. The common model of defibrillator (the AED) is an automatic portable machine that guides to the user with recorded voice instructions along the process, and analyzes the victim, and applies
3621-500: The ground. If this is not effective, healthcare professionals should consider emergency resuscitative hysterotomy . Evidence generally supports family being present during CPR. This includes in CPR for children. Interposed abdominal compressions may be beneficial in the hospital environment. There is no evidence of benefit pre-hospital or in children. Cooling during CPR is being studied as currently results are unclear whether or not it improves outcomes. Internal cardiac massage
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#17328479233763692-427: The heart. Its main purpose is to restore the partial flow of oxygenated blood to the brain and heart . The objective is to delay tissue death and to extend the brief window of opportunity for a successful resuscitation without permanent brain damage . Administration of an electric shock to the subject's heart, termed defibrillation , is usually needed to restore a viable, or "perfusing", heart rhythm. Defibrillation
3763-515: The horrors of the children that he faces each and every day, but this also produces a sense of detachment, and Greene often sees only what he wishes to in people. The wife of Bernard Greene, Elspeth Greene also observed Danny for seven years, and also taught him. She offers Tom some insights into Danny's behaviour, labelling him "a bottomless pit" who "hated anything he couldn't control." One of Danny's English teachers at Long Garth correctional institute. Despite only teaching Danny for one year, it
3834-472: The hospital to retrieve it. The nurse informs Tom that the boy's name is Ian Wilkinson, though the boy introduces himself to Tom as Danny Miller. Danny and Tom have a pre-existing professional relationship; Tom evaluated Danny when he was just ten years old, concluding that Danny could be tried as an adult. Danny had only been released from prison ten months previously, living under the false identity of Ian. Tom immediately wonders whether their remarkable meeting
3905-435: The lack of heart beats. But the ventilations could be omitted for untrained rescuers aiding adults who suffer a cardiac arrest (if it is not an asphyxial cardiac arrest, as by drowning, which needs ventilations). The patient's head is commonly tilted back (a head-tilt and chin-lift position) for improving the air flow if ventilations can be used. However, in the case of babies, the head is left straight, looking forward, which
3976-398: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Border_Crossing&oldid=1089854205 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Border Crossing (novel) Border Crossing
4047-473: The murder of Lizzie Parks. Years later, when he next encounters Danny, Tom is also suffering from the breakdown of his marriage to Lauren. Tom feels disconnected from Lauren, and resents being treated as a "sperm bank" in their failed attempts to have children. Their relationship gradually disintegrates throughout the course of the novel, ending with Lauren's asking for a divorce. At age 11, Danny murdered an elderly woman named Lizzie Parks, smothering her with
4118-467: The normal compression-to-ventilation ratio of 30:2, if at least two trained rescuers are present and the victim is a child, the preferred ratio is 15:2. Equally, in newborns, the ratio is 30:2 if one rescuer is present, and 15:2 if two rescuers are present (according to the AHA 2015 Guidelines). In an advanced airway treatment, such as an endotracheal tube or laryngeal mask airway , the artificial ventilation should occur without pauses in compressions at
4189-429: The normal heart function of the victim. The common model of defibrillator out of an hospital is the automated external defibrillator (AED), a portable device that is especially easy to use because it produces recorded voice instructions. Defibrillation is only indicated for some arrhythmias (abnormal heart beatings), specifically ventricular fibrillation (VF) and pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT) . Defibrillation
4260-463: The patient has died. A normal cardiopulmonary resuscitation has a recommended order named 'CAB': first 'Chest' (chest compressions), followed by 'Airway' (attempt to open the airway by performing a head tilt and a chin lift), and 'Breathing' (rescue breaths). As of 2010, the Resuscitation Council (UK) was still recommending an 'ABC' order, with the 'C' standing for 'Circulation' (check for
4331-442: The person has a return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) or is declared dead. CPR is indicated for any person unresponsive with no breathing or breathing only in occasional agonal gasps, as it is most likely that they are in cardiac arrest . If a person still has a pulse but is not breathing ( respiratory arrest ), artificial ventilations may be more appropriate, but due to the difficulty people have in accurately assessing
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#17328479233764402-634: The pond, rumoured to have a flooded well in the centre of it. One of them had placed frog spawn in Neil's wellington boots, and Neil had panicked, screaming and crying and slowly backing into the depths of the pond. Desperate to keep him quiet, Tom and Jeff had begun to throw stones in Neil's direction, and they had splashed around him. A man on a bus, glancing up from his paper, had witnessed this spectacle and come to Neil's aid, preventing what might have escalated into an horrific death. Danny arrives at Tom's house for his first planned consultation with Tom, although it
4473-444: The presence or absence of a pulse, CPR guidelines recommend that lay persons should not be instructed to check the pulse, while giving healthcare professionals the option to check a pulse. In those with cardiac arrest due to trauma , CPR is considered futile but still recommended. Correcting the underlying cause such as a tension pneumothorax or pericardial tamponade may help. CPR is used on people in cardiac arrest to oxygenate
4544-423: The priority for the drowned and most of the already collapsed children). As another possible variation, if a rescuer is completely alone and without a phone near, and is aiding to any other victim (not a victim of drowning, nor an already unconscious child), the rescuer would go to call by phone first. After the call, the rescuer would get a nearby defibrillator and use it, or continue the CPR (the phone call and
4615-448: The report he'd written many years ago, when he had evaluated a ten-year-old Danny at the remand centre. He'd been unprepared for the sight of such a young boy, knowing that he had committed the murder of an elderly lady named Lizzie Parks. Tom had spoken softly, asking Danny simple questions to get the session started. After several hours, Tom had established several significant ideas about Danny's emotional maturity. Danny had believed that
4686-449: The session, Tom had observed Danny deliberately mimicking Tom's actions, possibly an early sign of Danny's attempts at manipulation. As Tom had been about to leave the session, Danny had thrown his arms around Tom, who had been surprised, but hadn't reject the gesture. As Tom had left the building, the warder had remarked to him, "Well, he is a horror, isn't he?" Based upon the results of his evaluation, Tom had decided that Danny possessed
4757-463: The truth. Reluctantly, Tom is drawn back into Danny's world, a place where the border between good and evil, innocence and guilt are blurred and confused. But when Danny's demands on Tom become extreme, Tom wonders whether he has crossed the line between the professional and personal relationship, speculating upon, but never realising, the perilous danger he is in until it is almost too late. The events of Border Crossing are quite possibly inspired by
4828-438: The user along the defibrillation process. It also checks the victim's condition to automatically apply electric shocks at the correct level, if they are needed. Other models are semi-automatic and require the user to push a button before an electric shock. A defibrillator may ask for applying CPR maneuvers , so the patient would be placed lying in a face up position. Additionally, the patient's head would be tilted back, except in
4899-406: The victim. The best position for CPR maneuvers in the sequence of first aid reactions to a cardiac arrest is a question that has been long studied. As a general reference, the recommended order (according to the guidelines of many related associations as AHA and Red Cross) is: If there are multiple rescuers, these tasks can be distributed and performed simultaneously to save time. The reason
4970-401: Was chance, or "a dramatic gesture gone badly, almost fatally, wrong." Tom and Lauren have an argument. Despite frequent attempts, Tom is unable to get Lauren pregnant. Tom feels used and inadequate, and Lauren as if her time is running out. Lauren leaves for work for the week, after announcing that she will not be coming home for the following weekend. Tom reviews past child case histories for
5041-411: Was emphasized. The order of interventions was changed for all age groups except newborns from airway, breathing, chest compressions (ABC) to chest compressions, airway, breathing (CAB). An exception to this recommendation is for those believed to be in a respiratory arrest (airway obstruction, drug overdose, etc.). The most important aspects of CPR are: few interruptions of chest compressions,
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