The Bollingen Prize for Poetry is a literary honor bestowed on an American poet . Every two years, the award recognizes a poet for best new volume of work or lifetime achievement. It is awarded without nominations or submissions by the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library of Yale University .
41-690: The prize was established in 1948 by Paul Mellon , funded by a US $ 10,000 grant from the Bollingen Foundation to the Library of Congress . Both the prize and the foundation are named after the village of Bollingen , Switzerland and the Bollingen Tower , where Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung had his home. The inaugural prize, chosen by a jury of Fellows in American Letters of the Library of Congress ,
82-490: A 2000 merger). Bunny Mellon was an avid horticulturist and gardener, whose fondness for French Impressionist and Post-Impressionist painting, as well as American art, Mellon came to share. By this marriage, he had two stepchildren: Stacy Lloyd III and Eliza Lambert Lloyd (d. 2008; who married and divorced Viscount Moore ). United States Secretary of the Treasury The United States secretary of
123-601: A Silver Spoon , was published in 1992. Mellon was born in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania, on June 11, 1907, the son of Andrew W. Mellon , U.S. Secretary of the Treasury from 1921 to 1932, and Nora McMullen of Hertford Castle , England and brother of Ailsa Mellon-Bruce. When he was 5 years old his parents divorced. He graduated from The Choate School , now Choate Rosemary Hall, in Wallingford, Connecticut , in 1925, where he wrote for
164-945: A generous bequest to the Center at the time of his death. The Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art was founded in 1970 through a generous grant to Yale University , as a London-based affiliate of the New Haven center, to encourage study of British art and culture both at the undergraduate and the research scholar levels. Mellon also provided important leadership gifts to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts in Richmond, Virginia , as well as Choate Rosemary Hall . Mellon owned many thoroughbred horses under his Rokeby Stables , including Kentucky Derby winner Sea Hero . Two of his horses, Arts and Letters and Fort Marcy , were named American Horse of
205-748: A member of the National Security Council , and fifth in the U.S. presidential line of succession . Under the Appointments Clause of the United States Constitution , the officeholder is nominated by the president of the United States, and, following a confirmation hearing before the Senate Committee on Finance , will take the office if confirmed by the majority of the full United States Senate . The secretary of state ,
246-611: A member of the National Security Council . Under the Appointments Clause of the United States Constitution , the officeholder is nominated by the president of the United States, and, following a confirmation hearing before the Senate Committee on Finance , is confirmed by the United States Senate . Federalist (4) Democratic-Republican (4) Democratic (30) Whig (5) Republican (34) Independent (1) Status The secretary of
287-472: The Odyssey . It has also been won by Walter W. Arndt for his translation of Eugene Onegin , and in 1963 by Richard Wilbur and Mona Van Duyn jointly. Paul Mellon Paul Mellon (June 11, 1907 – February 1, 1999, Upperville, Virginia ) was an American philanthropist and a breeder of thoroughbred racehorses . He is one of only five people ever designated an "Exemplar of Racing" by
328-712: The Chrysler Triple Crown Challenge to the Grayson-Jockey Club Research Foundation. Furthermore, he requested that double that amount be raised in response to his donation. That goal was met during the 1995–1996 fiscal year. Upon his death, he left yet another $ 2.5 million to the Foundation's endowment. In 1999, Paul Mellon bequeathed $ 8 million to the University of Cambridge in England for
369-467: The Fitzwilliam Museum . During his lifetime he agreed that £1 million of that sum could be allocated to the museum's courtyard development and, under the terms of his will, following his death in 1999, his executors subsequently allocated a further $ 12.5 million to complete the renovations associated with the courtyard, including the re-lighting of all of the museum's galleries. The remaining balance
410-693: The Morale Operations Branch of the Office of Strategic Services in Europe. He rose to the rank of major and was the recipient of four battle stars in the European Theatre of Operations . While Mellon did not share his father's interest in business, the two found common ground in their love of art and philanthropy. Shortly before Andrew Mellon's death in 1937, construction began on the West Building of
451-522: The National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. , for which Andrew Mellon had provided funds. Four years later Paul Mellon presented both the building by John Russell Pope and his father's collection of 115 paintings to the nation. He served on the museum's board for more than four decades: as trustee, as president (twice), as board chair, and as honorary trustee. Mellon commissioned I. M. Pei to build
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#1732844539327492-592: The National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame . He was co-heir to one of America's greatest business fortunes, derived from the Mellon Bank created by his grandfather Thomas Mellon , his father Andrew W. Mellon , and his father's brother Richard B. Mellon . In 1957, when Fortune prepared its first list of the wealthiest Americans , it estimated that Paul Mellon, his sister Ailsa Mellon Bruce , and his cousins Sarah Mellon and Richard King Mellon , were all among
533-579: The University of Cambridge , receiving a BA in 1931, while his father served as U.S. Ambassador to the Court of St. James's from 1932 to 1933. Mellon returned to Pittsburgh , to work for Mellon Bank and other businesses for six months. He enrolled at St. John's College in Annapolis, Maryland in 1940 but six months later joined the United States Army , asking to join the cavalry . Mellon served with
574-629: The Yale Center for British Art . In 1930, he was a founding member, alongside Sir Timothy William Gowers, of the CRABS, the Clare Rugby And Boating Society, the oldest of the collegiate Gentlemen's societies still active. In 1938, he received an Oxbridge MA from Clare College, Cambridge . He was a major benefactor to Clare College's Forbes-Mellon Library, opened in 1986. After graduating from Yale University , he went to England to study at
615-551: The treasurer of the United States must sign Federal Reserve notes before they can become legal tender . The secretary also manages the United States Emergency Economic Stabilization fund . The secretary of the treasury is a Level I position in the Executive Schedule , thus earning the salary prescribed for that level ( US$ 246,400, as of January 2024). The United States secretary of
656-413: The 1960s, along with the funding to create an appropriate museum to house it (designed by Louis Kahn ). He characteristically insisted that it not be named in honor of him, but rather would be called the Yale Center for British Art , to encourage others to support it as well. Mellon also provided extensive endowment support to fund not only operations but also an ongoing program of acquisitions, and he made
697-645: The British Empire (KBE) in 1974, awarded the National Medal of Arts in 1985, elected a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1992, and awarded the National Humanities Medal in 1997. In 1978, Mellon received the S. Roger Horchow Award for Greatest Public Service by a Private Citizen, an award given out annually by Jefferson Awards . In 1935, he married Mary Conover Brown and
738-524: The East Building and, with his sister Ailsa, provided funds for its construction in the late 1970s. Over the years he and his wife Bunny donated more than 1,000 works to the National Gallery of Art, among them many French and American masterworks. In 1936, Mellon purchased his first British painting, Pumpkin with a Stable-lad by George Stubbs , who became a lifetime favorite of Mellon's. Beginning in
779-502: The Kahn-designed British Art Center demonstrated Mellon's commitment to bringing modern architecture to Yale. Perhaps most importantly, the additional undergraduate capacity that these colleges provided were a critical prerequisite to the ability of the university to transition to co-education. Beyond these capital gifts, Mellon endowed the masterships and deanships of each of Yale's 12 residential colleges. He created
820-609: The Mellon Senior Forum program, which provides a weekly meal for seniors in each of the residential colleges where they can share progress on their senior essays and projects with one another. Mellon was active in the humanities at Yale. He provided the funding necessary to create the Directed Studies program of intense freshman-year focus on the humanities. He supported significantly the undergraduate theater studies program, and endowed named professorships in schools throughout
861-567: The Old Dominion Foundation in 1941 and the Bollingen Foundation in 1945, both to support advancement and learning of the humanities and liberal education . The Bollingen Foundation published over 100 books before closing in 1969, the same year the assets of the Old Dominion Foundation were merged into those of his sister Ailsa's Avalon Foundation. The combined organization was renamed The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation in honor of their father. Paul Mellon's foremost philanthropic interest
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#1732844539327902-891: The President's Economic Policy Council, Chairman of the Boards and Managing Trustee of the Social Security and Medicare Trust Funds, and as U.S. Governor of the International Monetary Fund , the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development , the Inter-American Development Bank , the Asian Development Bank , and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development . The secretary along with
943-536: The University, particularly in the humanities. Mellon was highly supportive of causes that advanced the preservation of horses, including the United States Jockey Club's Grayson-Jockey Club Research Foundation. This organization allocates grants towards specific research projects for the safety, welfare, longevity and improvement of life for racehorses. He donated the $ 1 million bonus that Sea Hero won in
984-539: The Year in 1969 and 1970 respectively. Both are inductees in the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame . He also owned three European champions, Mill Reef , Forrest Flower , and Gold and Ivory . Mill Reef was the #8 rated horse in the world for the 20th Century in A Century of Champions , by John Randall and Tony Morris. Mellon won the Eclipse Award for Outstanding Breeder in 1971 and again in 1986. Mellon established
1025-533: The award. The unused portion of the grant was returned to the Bollingen Foundation in 1949. The Bollingen Foundation decided to continue the program with the administrative tasks being handled by the Yale University Library. The prize was awarded annually from 1948 to 1963. In 1963, the amount of the award was increased to $ 5,000. After 1963, it was given every other year. The Bollingen Foundation
1066-537: The couple, who had two children, Catherine and Timothy , moved to Virginia . After his wife Mary's death in 1946 from an asthma attack, he married Rachel Lambert Lloyd , known as "Bunny", the former wife of Stacy Barcroft Lloyd Jr . She was a descendant of the Lambert family who formulated and marketed Listerine and an heiress to the Warner-Lambert corporate fortune (Warner-Lambert is now part of Pfizer , following
1107-615: The formulation of broad fiscal policies that have general significance for the economy, and managing the public debt. The Secretary oversees the activities of the Department in carrying out its major law enforcement responsibilities; in serving as the financial agent for the United States Government ; and in manufacturing coins and currency . The Chief Financial Officer of the government, the Secretary serves as Chairman Pro Tempore of
1148-513: The late 1950s, with the help of English art historian Basil Taylor, Mellon amassed a major collection by the mid-1960s. London art dealer Geoffrey Agnew once said of his acquisitions: "It took an American collector to make the English look again at their own paintings." Mellon's collection was catalogued by Dudley Snelgrove and Judy Egerton . Mellon granted his extensive collection of British art, rare books, and related materials to Yale University in
1189-735: The literary magazine. He then went on to graduate from Yale College , where he was a member of the Chi Psi fraternity, Scroll and Key , and served as vice-chairman of the Yale Daily News . He was a great benefactor of his alma maters, donating to the Forbes-Mellon Library at the University of Cambridge , the Mellon Arts Center and the Mellon (now Icahn) Science Center to Choate, two residential colleges at Yale ( Ezra Stiles and Morse ), and
1230-658: The richest eight people in the United States, with fortunes between $ 400 million and $ 500 million each (between about $ 4.3 billion and $ 7.6 billion in today's dollars). Mellon was married to Mary Conover Brown from 1935 until her death in 1946. They had two children, Catherine Conover Mellon (first wife of John Warner ) and Timothy Mellon . In 1948, Paul Mellon married his second wife, Rachel Lambert Mellon (a.k.a. Bunny) (August 9, 1910–March 17, 2014) who had two children, Stacy Lloyd III and Eliza, Viscountess Moore with her first husband, Mr. Stacy Barcroft Lloyd, Jr. whom she had divorced in 1948. Mellon's autobiography, Reflections in
1271-468: The secretary of the treasury, the secretary of defense , and the attorney general are generally regarded as the four most important Cabinet officials, due to the size and importance of their respective departments. The current secretary of the treasury is Janet Yellen , who is the first woman to hold the office. The Secretary is responsible for formulating and recommending domestic and international financial, economic, and tax policy, participating in
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1312-623: The stars. He was also a major benefactor of Clare College and Clare Hall , both in Cambridge , England. Indeed, Clare Hall, founded 1966, gains much from his benefaction; his generous bequest serves the intellectual needs of the graduate college members. The Mellon Fellowship is another example of his generosity, permitting the reciprocal exchange of two students from Yale and two from Clare College for graduate study in each other's institutions. He developed his great love of England and English culture while studying at Clare College from 1929-1931. "It
1353-466: The treasury is the head of the United States Department of the Treasury , and is the chief financial officer of the federal government of the United States . The secretary of the treasury serves as the principal advisor to the president of the United States on all matters pertaining to economic and fiscal policy. The secretary is, by custom, a member of the president's cabinet and, by law,
1394-400: The treasury is the head of the United States Department of the Treasury , and is the chief financial officer of the federal government of the United States . The secretary of the treasury serves as the principal advisor to the president of the United States on all matters pertaining to economic and fiscal policy. The secretary is, by custom, a member of the president's cabinet and, by law,
1435-523: The treasury is fifth in the presidential line of succession , following the secretary of state and preceding the secretary of defense . On August 16, 2016, President Barack Obama signed Executive Order 13735, which changed the order of succession for filling the Treasury Secretary's role when necessary. At any time when the secretary and the deputy secretary of the treasury have both died, resigned, or cannot serve as secretary for other reasons,
1476-722: Was a trustee of the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame and one of the only five people ever designated an "Exemplar of Racing" by the Hall of Fame. He was also inducted into the Virginia Sports Hall of Fame and the English Jockey Club Hall of Fame . Among honors, he was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1971, created an Honorary Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of
1517-549: Was added to the Paul Mellon Fund which was established as a trust fund for the museum at the time of the bequest, the income from which is being used to support education, exhibitions and publications. He also helped to buy the 28,625 acres (115.8 km ) Cape Hatteras National Seashore and the 1,500 acres (610 ha) Sky Meadows State Park in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia, where he used to go to look at
1558-600: Was dissolved in 1968, and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation took over funding. In 1973, the Mellon Foundation established an endowment of $ 100,000 to enable the Yale Library to continue awarding the prize in perpetuity. In 1961, a similar prize was set up by the Bollingen Foundation for best translation. The prize for best translation was given out only from 1961-1968. It was first won by Robert Fitzgerald for his translation of
1599-462: Was first awarded to Ezra Pound for his collection of poems The Pisan Cantos . The choice of a work by a man who had been a committed fascist sympathizer and who was then under indictment for treason in World War II for his anti-Semitic broadcasts infuriated many. A bitter controversy ensued in the press, and a congressional committee requested the Library of Congress disassociate itself from
1640-414: Was his alma mater, Yale University . His most generous and well-known gifts established the Yale Center for British Art , but his legacy makes itself felt across the campus. Mellon's other major gift was to provide extensive funding to support the creation of two new undergraduate residential colleges at Yale, Ezra Stiles College and Morse College . Designed by Eero Saarinen , these colleges along with
1681-825: Was while I was at Cambridge that I embarked on the dangerous seas of collecting", Paul Mellon once said—a statement by the man who described himself as "the incurable collector" that has had profound implications for his major beneficiaries, both in the US and the UK. Mellon helped to arrange the merger of the Mellon Institute of Industrial Research , founded by his father Andrew W. Mellon and uncle Richard B. Mellon with Andrew Carnegie's Carnegie Institute of Technology in 1967 to create Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Additionally, he donated substantial funds to Carnegie Mellon. Mellon