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62-815: Bocchi is a surname, and may refer to: Achille Bocchi , Italian humanist writer Alessandro Magnoli Bocchi Adolfo Bocchi (b. 1892), Italian bobsledder Amedeo Bocchi (1883–1976), Italian painter Arrigo Bocchi (b.c.1871), British-Italian film director and producer Carlo Bocchi , conducted first survey of ancient Adria Dorotea Bocchi (1360–1436), Italian physician also known as Dorotea Bucca Faustino Bocchi , Italian painter Francesco Bocchi (1548–1613/1618), Italian writer Gianluca Bocchi (b. 1954), Italian philosopher Mabel Bocchi (b. 1953), former Italian basketball player Norberto Bocchi , Italian bridge player Tobia Bocchi (b. 1997), Italian triple jumper See also [ edit ] Bocchi

124-587: A mendicant order of monks, close to the castle The modest medieval castle remained until the reign of Francis I of France (1494–1547). The King commissioned the architect Gilles Le Breton to build a new palace in the Renaissance style. Le Breton created the Cour Ovale, or oval courtyard, He preserved the original medieval keep on one side, but added a monumental new building, the Porte Dorée or Golden Gate, in

186-475: A former entry to the gallery); The Sinking of Ajax ; The Education of Achilles and The Frustration of Venus . The ballroom was originally begun as an open passageway, or loggia, by Francis I. In about 1552 King Henry II closed it with high windows and an ornate coffered ceiling, and transformed it into a room for celebrations and balls. The 'H', the initial of the King, is prominent in the decor, as well as figures of

248-483: A large new apartment on the first floor, and a number of small apartments on the ground floor, but also blocked the windows on the north side of the Gallery of Francis I. The apartments of Queen Marie Antoinette were redone, a Turkish-style salon was created for her in 1777, a room for games in 1786–1787, and a boudoir in the arabesque style. Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette made their last visit to Fontainebleau in 1786, on

310-583: A pavilion, designed by Le Vau, on a small island in the center of the pond. Louis XIV welcomed many foreign guests there, including the former Queen Christina of Sweden , who had just abdicated her crown. While a guest in the château on 10 November 1657, Christina suspected her Master of the Horse and reputed lover, the Marchese Gian Rinaldo Monaldeschi  [ sv ] , of betraying her secrets to her enemies. Her servants chased him through

372-479: A place for the kitchens and residences for court officials. Two new galleries, the Gallery of Diana and the Gallery of Deer, were built to enclose the old garden of Diana . He also added a large jeu de paume , or indoor tennis court, the largest such court existing in the world. A second School of Fontainebleau group of painters and decorators went to work on the interiors. The architect Martin Fréminet created

434-606: A wooden palisade. The King resided on the middle level. The original tower, rebuilt to fit the later styles, is still part of the Oval Court. Louis VII built a chapel which was consecrated in 1169 by Thomas Becket , the English priest in exile in France because of this disagreements with King Henry II of England . He also sponsored the construction of a monastery of the Trinitarians ,

496-696: The Franco-Prussian War , the Second Empire fell, and the château was closed. During the Franco-Prussian War, the palace was occupied by the Prussian Army on 17 September 1870, and briefly used as an army headquarters by Frederick Charles of Prussia from March 1871. Following the war, two of the buildings became the home of the School of Applied Artillery , which had been forced to leave Alsace when

558-583: The Palazzo Bocchi , Bologna, about 1545 (built 1545-55 ); for the façade Bocchi provided two inscriptions, one in Latin, the other in Hebrew, that run along the rusticated base of the front. Ch%C3%A2teau de Fontainebleau "Fontainebleau" took its name from the "Fontaine Belle-Eau", a natural fresh water spring located in the English garden not far from the château. The name means "Spring of beautiful water". In

620-506: The rocaille style of the day. The decoration of the fireplace dates to the same period. The doors have an arabesque design, and were made for Marie Antoinette , as were the sculpted panels over the doors, installed in 1787. The bed was also made specially for Marie Antoinette, but did not arrive until 1797, after the Revolution and her execution. As a result it escaped the sales of the château furnishings which took place immediately after

682-677: The 18th century, was destroyed by a fire in the wing of the Belle Cheminée 1856. Between 1854 and 1857 the architect Hector Lefuel built a new theater in the Louis XVI style , where famous actors from the theatres of Paris performed portions of plays for the guests of the Emperor. On the ground floor of the Gros Pavilion, the Empress Eugénie built a small but rich museum, containing gifts from

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744-580: The 19th century the spring was rebuilt with an octagonal stone basin, as it appears today. The earliest reference to a royal residence at Fontainebleau dates to 1137 under King Louis VII the Younger , but it had probably been built earlier, during the reign of Philip I of France (1060 to 1108), when the Gâtinais region was annexed from the Duchy of Burgundy . It became a favorite summer residence and hunting lodge of

806-548: The Emperor and Empress in the new Empire style . The Cour du Cheval Blanc was renamed the Cour d'Honneur, or Courtyard of Honor. One wing facing the courtyard, the Aile de Ferrare, was torn down and replaced with an ornamental iron fence and gate, making the façade of the palace visible. The gardens of Diane and the gardens of the Pines were replanted and turned into an English landscape garden by

868-795: The Empress Marie-Louise as his godmother. Napoleon spent the last days of his reign at Fontainebleau, before abdicating there on 4 April 1814, under pressure from his Marshals , Ney , Berthier , and Lefebvre . On 20 April, after failing in an attempt to commit suicide, he gave an emotional farewell to the soldiers of the Old Guard , assembled in the Court of Honor. Later, during the Hundred Days , he stopped there on 20 March 1815. In his memoirs, written while in exile on Saint Helena , he recalled his time at Fontainebleau; "...the true residence of kings,

930-528: The Florentine painter Giovanni Battista di Jacopo, known as Rosso Fiorentino , to decorate the new gallery. Between 1533 and 1539 Rosso Fiorentino filled the gallery with murals glorifying the king, framed in stucco ornament in high relief, and lambris sculpted by the furniture maker Francesco Scibec da Carpi . Another Italian painter, Francesco Primaticcio from Bologna ("Primatice" to the French), joined later in

992-652: The Italian Renaissance style, as the main entry of the palace, On the north side he built another building with a Renaissance stairway, the Portique de Serlio, which gave access the royal apartments. Beginning in about 1528, Francis constructed the Galerie François I , which allowed him to pass directly from his apartments to the chapel of the Trinitarians. He brought the architect Sebastiano Serlio from Italy, and

1054-463: The King built a new courtyard, called the Cour de la Conciergerie or the Cour des Princes, to the east of the Gallery of Deer. On the Cour du Cheval Blanc, the wing of the Gallery of Ulysses was torn down and gradually replaced by a new brick and stone building, built in stages in 1738–1741 and 1773–74, extending west toward the Pavilion and grotto of the pines. Between 1750 and 1754, the King commissioned

1116-651: The King of Siam in 1861, and works of art taken during the pillage of the Summer Palace in Beijing. It also featured paintings by contemporary artists, including Franz Xaver Winterhalter , and the sculptor Charles Henri Joseph Cordier . Close by, in the Louis XV wing, the Emperor established his office, and the Empress made her Salon of Lacquer. These were the last rooms created by the royal residents of Fontainebleau. In 1870, during

1178-496: The King was installed in 1748 and 1749, in the space occupied during the reign of Francis I by the bedroom of Anne de Pisseleu , the Duchess of Étampes, a favorite of the King. It was designed by the architect Ange-Jacques Gabriel , who used many decorative elements from the earlier room, which had originally been decorated by Primaticcio. The upper portion of the walls is divided into panels, oval and rectangular, with scenes representing

1240-431: The King. The architect Jules Hardouin-Mansart built a new wing alongside the Gallery of Deer and the Gallery of Diana to provide more living space for the Court. He did make major changes in the park and gardens; he commissioned André Le Nôtre and Louis Le Vau to redesign the large parterre into a French formal garden . He removed the hanging garden which Henry IV had built next to the large fish pond, and instead built

1302-522: The Queen. The ornate ceiling over the bed was made in 1644 by the furniture-maker Guillaume Noyers for the Dowager Queen Anne of Austria , the mother of Louis XIV, and bears her initials. The room was redecorated by Marie Leszczynska , the Queen of Louis XV in 1746–1747. The ceiling of the alcove, the decoration around the windows and the wood panelling were made by Jacques Vererckt and Antoine Magnonais in

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1364-525: The Revolution. It was used instead by Napoleon's wives, the Empress Joséphine and Marie-Louise of Austria . The walls received their ornamental textile covering, with a design of flowers and birds, in 1805. It was restored in 1968–1986 using the original fabric as a model. The furniture in the room all dates to the First Empire . The balustrade around the bed was originally made for the throne room of

1426-505: The Rock! , manga series Hitori Bocchi no Marumaru Seikatsu , manga series Palazzo Bocchi , palace located in Bologna, Italy Bocci (surname) [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with the surname Bocchi . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to

1488-508: The architect Ange-Jacques Gabriel , who had designed the Place de la Concorde and Petit Trianon to build a new wing along the Cour de la Fontaine and the carp pond. The old Pavilion des Poeles was demolished and replaced by the Gros Pavilion, built of cream-colored stone. Lavish new apartments were created inside this building for the King and the Queen. The new meeting room for the Royal Council

1550-417: The crescent moon, the symbol of Henry's mistress Diane de Poitiers . In the 19th century King Louis Philippe added the elaborate wooden floor, which copies the original designs in the coffers of the ceiling. At the eastern end is a monumental fireplace, which flanked with two statues of Satyrs copied by Primaticcio from Roman originals. (The current statues are later copies). Above the eastern end of

1612-400: The custom of long stays at Fontainebleau, particularly during the summer. Many of the historic rooms, such as the Gallery of Deer, were restored to something like their original appearance, while the private apartments were redecorated to suit the tastes of the Emperor and Empress. Numerous guest apartments were squeezed into unused spaces of the buildings. The old theater of the palace, built in

1674-515: The decoration of the gallery. Their elaborate mixture of painting and sculpture became known as the first School of Fontainebleau , which helped launch the French Renaissance . The emblem of Francis I, a salamander surrounded by flames, is found alongside each painting he commissioned in the Grand Gallery. In about 1540, Francis began another major addition to the château. Using land on

1736-433: The direction of the painter Rosso Fiorentino , or Primaticcio, in the new Renaissance style. The lower walls of the passage were the work of the master Italian furniture maker Francesco Scibec da Carpi ; they are decorated with the coat of arms of France and the salamander , the emblem of the King. The upper walls are covered by frescoes framed in richly sculpted stucco. The frescoes depicted mythological scenes to illustrate

1798-528: The east side of the château purchased from the order of the Trinitarians, he began to build a new square of buildings around a large courtyard. It was enclosed on the north by the wing of the Ministers, on the east by the wing of Ferrare, and on the south by a wing containing the new gallery of Ulysses. The château was surrounded by a new park in the style of the Italian Renaissance garden , with pavilions and

1860-408: The end of summer and the beginning of autumn. He made few changes to the exterior of the château, but did build a new apartment for his companion Madame de Maintenon , furnished it with some major works of André-Charles Boulle and demolished the old apartments of the baths under the Gallery of Francis I to create new apartments for the royal princes, and he made some modifications to the apartments of

1922-721: The eve of the French Revolution . During the French Revolution the château was far from the turbulence of Paris, and did not suffer any significant damage, but all the furniture was later sold at auction. The buildings were occupied by the Central School of the Department of Seine-et-Marne , until 1803, when Napoleon installed a military school there. He chose Fontainebleau as the site of his historic 1804 meeting with Pope Pius VII , who had travelled from Rome to crown Napoleon emperor . Apartments were refurnished and decorated for

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1984-402: The fireplace depicts Sébastien de Rabutin, a huissier of the Court of Henry II, who in 1548 killed a wolf during a hunt in the forest of Orléans. Henry II commissioned the painting to commemorate the event. Behind the ballroom is St. Saturnin's Chapel. The lower chapel was originally built in the 12th century, but was completely rebuilt under Francis I with a richly coffered ceiling and dome. It

2046-430: The first grotto in France. Francesco Primaticcio created more monumental murals for the gallery of Ulysses. Following the death of Francis I, King Henry II continued to expand the chateau. The King and his wife, Catherine de' Medici , chose the architects Philibert de l'Orme and Jean Bullant to do the work. They extended the east wing of the lower court and decorated it with a horseshoe-shaped staircase, which

2108-552: The fountain of Diane in the center, was located on the north side of the palace. Henry IV's gardener, Claude Mollet , trained at Château d'Anet , created a large parterre of flower beds, decorated with ancient statues and separated by paths into large squares. The fountain of Diana and the grotto were made by Tommaso Francini , who may also have designed the Medici Fountain in the Luxembourg Garden for Marie de' Medici . On

2170-565: The halls of the château and stabbed him to death. Louis XIV came to see her at the château, did not mention the murder, and allowed her to continue her travels. On May 19–20, 1717, during the Regency following the death of Louis XIV, the Russian Tsar Peter the Great was a guest at Fontainebleau. A hunt for stags was organized for him, and a banquet. Officially the visit was a great success, but in

2232-558: The home of Philemon and Baucis . The floor, which mirrors the design of the ceiling, was crafted by Louis-Philippe in the first half of the 19th century. The frescoes on the side of the Oval Courtyard represent: The feast of Bacchus ; Apollo and the Muses on Mount Parnassus ; The Three Graces dancing before the gods ; and The wedding feast of Thetis and Peleus . Some of the fresco themes are more contemporary. A fresco above

2294-590: The horseshoe stairway earlier designed by Philibert Delorme on the courtyard that had become known as the Cour de Cheval Blanc. After his death, his widow, Anne of Austria , redecorated the apartments within the Wing of the Queen Mothers (Aile des Reines Mères) next to the Court of the Fountain, designed by Primatrice. King Louis XIV spent more days at Fontainebleau than any other monarch; he liked to hunt there every year at

2356-473: The house of the centuries. Perhaps it was not a rigorously architectural palace, but it was certainly a place of residence well thought out and perfectly suitable. It was certainly the most comfortable and happily situated palace in Europe." Following the restoration of the monarchy , Kings Louis XVIII and Charles X each stayed at Fontainebleau, but neither made any major changes to the palace. Louis-Philippe I

2418-415: The kings of France because of the abundant game and many springs in the surrounding forest. The first chateau was a square "donjon" or keep , a fortified tower surrounded by a wall. It was three stories high, and occupied an area of about fifty square meters. The lower walls were three meters wide while the upper walls were a meter wide, made of stone, had windows facing north and south and were topped by

2480-427: The landscape designer Maximilien Joseph Hurtault . Napoleon's visits to Fontainebleau were not frequent, because he was occupied so much of the time with military campaigns. Between 1812 and 1814, the château served as a very elegant prison for Pope Pius VII. On 5 November 1810, the chapel of the château was used for the baptism of Napoleon's nephew, the future Napoleon III , with Napoleon serving as his godfather, and

2542-423: The link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bocchi&oldid=1253937910 " Categories : Surnames Italian-language surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata All set index articles Achille Bocchi Achille Bocchi ( Achilles Bocchius ) (1488 – 6 November 1562), of Bologna ,

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2604-463: The love life of Alexander the Great . The paintings are framed by large statues of women by Primaticcio. The eastern wall of the room was destroyed during the reconstruction, and was replaced during the reign of Louis Philippe in the 19th century with paintings by Abel de Pujol . All of the queens and empresses of France, from Marie de' Medici to the Empress Eugènie , slept in the bedchamber of

2666-516: The major buildings received their first protection by classification as historic monuments on 20 August 1913. In 1923, following World War I , it became home of the Écoles d'Art Américaines , schools of art and music, which still exist today. In 1927 it became a national museum. Between the wars the upper floors of the wing of the Belle Cheminée, burned in 1856, were rebuilt by a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation . During World War II, it

2728-648: The memoirs published later by members of the delegation, it appears that Peter disliked the French style of hunting, and that he found the château too small, compared with the other royal French residences. The routine of Fontainebleau also did not suit his tastes; he preferred beer to wine (and brought his own supply with him) and he liked to get up early, unlike the French Court. The renovation projects of Louis XV were more ambitious than those of Louis XIV. To create more lodging for his enormous number of courtiers, in 1737–38

2790-459: The new superintendent of royal public works. He designed the section known today as the wing of the Belle Cheminée, noted for its elaborate chimneys and its two opposing stairways. In 1565, as a security measure due to the Wars of Religion , she also had a moat dug around the château to protect it against attack. King Henry IV made more additions to the château than any king since Francis I. He extended

2852-466: The ornate chapel of the Trinity, while the painters Ambroise Dubois and Toussaint Dubreuil created a series of heroic paintings for the salons. A new wing, named for its central building, La Belle Cheminée, was built next to the large fish pond. Henry IV also devoted great attention to the park and gardens around the chateau. The garden of the Queen or garden of Diana, created by Catherine de' Medici, with

2914-482: The oval court toward the west by building two pavilions, called Tiber and Luxembourg. Between 1601 and 1606, he remade all the façades around the courtyard, including that of the chapel of Saint-Saturnin, to give the architecture greater harmony. On the east side, he built a new monumental domed gateway, the Porte du Baptistère. Between 1606 and 1609, he built a new courtyard, the Cour des Offices or Quartier Henry IV, to provide

2976-483: The province was annexed by Germany . It was occasionally used as a residence by the presidents of the Third Republic , and to welcome state guests including King Alexander I of Serbia (1891), King George I of Greece (1892) Leopold II of Belgium (1895) and King Alfonso XIII of Spain (1913). It also received a visit by the last survivor of its royal residents, the Empress Eugénie , on 26 June 1920. The façades

3038-562: The reign of the Qianlong Emperor (1736–1795). The Gallery of Francis I is one of the first and finest examples of Renaissance decoration in France. It was begun in 1528 as a passageway between the apartments of the King with the oval courtyard and the great chapel of the Trinitarian monastery, but in 1531 Francis I made it a part of his royal apartments, and between 1533 and 1539 it was decorated by artists and craftsmen from Italy, under

3100-459: The room is a gallery where the musicians played during balls. The decor was restored many times over the years. The frescoes on the walls and pillars were painted beginning in 1552 by Nicolo dell'Abate , following drawings by Primaticcio. On the garden side of the ballroom, they represent: The Harvest ; Vulcan forging weapons for Love at the request of Venus ; Phaeton begging the sun to let him drive his chariot ; and Jupiter and Mercury at

3162-441: The south side, Henry created a park, planted with pines, elms and fruit trees, and laid out a grand canal 1200 meters long, sixty years before Louis XIV built his own grand canal at Versailles . King Louis XIII , who had been born and baptized in the château, continued the works begun by his father. He completed the decoration of the chapel of the Trinity, and assigned the court architect Jean Androuet du Cerceau to reconstruct

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3224-538: The tradition of serio ludere . Bocchi was a friend of Giovanni Pierio Valeriano Bolzanio , and his work is related to Valeriano's Hieroglyphica . Bocchi was the leader of an informal academy , the Accademia Bocchiana , under the protection of Cardinal Alessandro Farnese , nephew of the Farnese Pope Paul III . For Bocchi Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola , recently returned from Fontainebleau , designed

3286-630: The virtues of the King. On the side of gallery with windows, the frescoes represent Ignorance Driven Out ; The Unity of the State ; Cliobis and Biton ; Danae ; The Death of Adonis ; The Loss of Perpetual Youth ; and The Battle of the Centaurs and the Lapithes . On the side of the gallery facing the windows, the frescoes represent: A Sacrifice ; The Royal Elephant ; The Burning of Catane ; The Nymph of Fontainebleau (painted in 1860–61 by J. Alaux to cover

3348-451: The work, including the Mannerists painters Primaticcio and Niccolò dell'Abbate . It was also the birthplace of Francis II , Henry II's firstborn son. Following the death of Henry II in a jousting accident, his widow, Catherine de' Medici , took over the project, which she carried out through the reigns of her three sons, Francis II, Charles IX , and Henry III . She named Primaticcio as

3410-578: Was an Italian humanist writer, emblematist, historian and lector in Greek, poetry and "humanae litterae" at the University of Bologna . He is best known for his emblem book Symbolicarum quaestionum de universo genere from 1555, which "takes as its subject the whole of universal knowledge: physics, metaphysics, theology, dialectic, Love, Life and Death, packaging them under the veil of fables and myths." It borrowed from Francesco Colonna . The title page put it in

3472-576: Was classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1981. In 2006, the Ministry of Culture purchased the royal stables, and began their restoration. Beginning in 2007, restoration began of the theater of the château, created by Napoleon III during the Second Empire. The project was funded by the government of Abu-Dhabi , and in exchange the theater was renamed for Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan . It

3534-422: Was decorated by the leading painters of the day, including François Boucher , Charles-André van Loo , Jean-Baptiste Marie Pierre and Alexis Peyrotte . A magnificent small theater was created on the first floor of the wing of the Belle Cheminée. King Louis XVI also made additions to the château to create more space for his courtiers. A new building was constructed alongside the Gallery of Francis I; it created

3596-540: Was inaugurated on 30 April 2014. On 1 March 2015, the Chinese Museum of the château was robbed by professional thieves. They broke in at about six in the morning, and, despite alarms and video cameras, in seven minutes stole about fifteen of the most valuable objects in the collection, including the replica of the crown of Siam given by the Siamese government to Napoleon III, a Tibetan mandala , and an enamel chimera from

3658-505: Was largely completed in 1546. The emblem of Henry II, the salamander, marks the keystones. In 1554, under Henry II, the architect Philibert de l'Orme built a new organ loft, supported by two tall marble columns. Stained glass windows made in Sèvres, designed by Louis' daughter Marie , an artist, were installed in the 19th century during the Louis Philippe period. The stairway of

3720-509: Was later enlarged, and became a symbol of the château. Their major project was the Oval Court, which was designed to be the entrance to the new royal apartments. They transformed the loggia originally planned by Francis I into a Salle des Fêtes, or grand ballroom, with a coffered ceiling. Facing the courtyard of the fountain and the fish pond. The decoration of the new ballroom featured murals by Francesco Primaticcio , surrounded by elaborate stucco sculpture. A new generation of artists joined

3782-575: Was more active, both restoring some rooms and redecorating others in the style of his period. The Hall of the Guards and Gallery of Plates were redecorated in a Neo-Renaissance style, while the Hall of Columns, under the ballroom, was remade in a neoclassical style. He added new stained glass windows, made by the Royal Manufactory of Sèvres . Emperor Napoleon III , who had been baptized at Fontainebleau, resumed

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3844-476: Was occupied by the Germans on 16 June 1940, and occupied until 10 November, and again from 15 May to the end of October 1941. Following the war, part of the château became a headquarters of the Western Union and later NATO 's Allied Forces Central Europe / Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe , until 1966. The general restoration of the château took place between 1964 and 1968 under President Charles de Gaulle and his Minister of Culture, Andre Malraux . It

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