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28-439: Bloodthirsty (or The Bloodthirsty Trilogy ) is a 1970s Japanese vampire film trilogy produced by Toho Studio, consisting of three of their 1970s horror films: The Vampire Doll , Lake of Dracula and Evil of Dracula . While there is no plot connection between the films, they share a vampire theme. The films were all directed by Michio Yamamoto and co-written by Ei Ogawa. All three films have been released on Blu-Ray in

56-415: A trilogy of novels. In a time when books were relatively expensive to print and bind, publishing longer works of fiction had a particular relationship to a reading public who borrowed books from commercial circulating libraries . A novel divided into three parts could create a demand (Part I whetting an appetite for Parts II and III). The income from Part I could also be used to pay for the printing costs of

84-406: A box set from Arrow Video. This release included uncompressed mono audio, Toho's export English dubs for Lake of Dracula and Evil of Dracula , a video appraisal by Kim Newman, original trailers, and a collector's booklet in the first pressing. This article related to a Japanese film of the 1970s is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about a 1970s horror film

112-415: A one shilling "Railway Library" in 1852. The delay before reprint editions were released meant that those who wished to access the latest books had no choice but to borrow three-volume editions from a subscription library. The delay also enabled the circulating libraries to sell the second-books they withdrew from circulation before a cheap edition was available. Publishers sometimes waited to see how well

140-400: A page. In 1880, the author Rhoda Broughton was offered £750 by her publisher for her two-volume novel Second Thoughts . However, he offered her £1,200 if she could add a third volume. Outside of the subscription library system's three-volume novels, the public could access literature in the form of partworks – the novel was sold in around 20 monthly parts, costing one shilling each. This

168-407: A three-volume novel put them outside the purchase power of all but the richest households. This price should be compared with the typical six shilling price for a one volume novel, which was also the price for the three-volume novels when they were reprinted as single volume editions. Three-volume novels quickly disappeared after 1894, when both Mudie's and W. H. Smith stopped purchasing them at

196-426: Is a remastered and remixed collection of his 2011 mixtapes House of Balloons , Thursday , and Echoes of Silence . Creators of trilogies may later add more works. In such a case, the original three works may or may not keep the title "trilogy". Three-volume novel The three-volume novel (sometimes three-decker or triple decker ) was a standard form of publishing for British fiction during

224-504: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Film trilogy Most trilogies are works of fiction involving the same characters or setting, such as The Deptford Trilogy of novels by Robertson Davies , The Apu Trilogy of films by Satyajit Ray , The Kingdom Trilogy of television miniseries from 1994 to 2022 by Lars von Trier . Other fiction trilogies are connected only by theme: for example, each film of Krzysztof Kieślowski 's Three Colours trilogy explores one of

252-558: Is less often applied to music. One example is the Berlin Trilogy of David Bowie , which is linked together by musical sound and lyrical themes, all having been recorded at least partly in Berlin, Germany. Another example can be found in the Guns N' Roses songs " November Rain ", " Don't Cry " and " Estranged ", whose videos are considered a trilogy. The Weeknd 's 2012 compilation album Trilogy

280-559: The Wayfarers trilogy by Knut Hamsun , the Cairo Trilogy by Naguib Mahfouz , The Border Trilogy by Cormac McCarthy , and His Dark Materials by Philip Pullman . A pivotal example is J. R. R. Tolkien 's The Lord of the Rings (1954–1955), which was written as a three-volume novel but published (for economic reasons) as a trilogy, thus helping to popularize the trilogy format. The term

308-437: The almost-guaranteed, but limited, profits that would be made on each. The normal three-volume novel was around 900 pages in total at 150–200,000 words; the average length was 168,000 words in 45 chapters. It was common for novelists to have contracts specifying a set number of pages to be filled. If they ran under, they could be made to produce extra, or break the text up into more chapters — each new chapter heading would fill

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336-582: The festival in Athens in 458 BC. The three Theban plays , or Oedipus cycle, by Sophocles , originating in 5th century BC, is not a true example of a trilogy because the plays were written at separate times and with different themes/purposes. Technical changes in printing and film in the mid-to-late 20th century made the creation of trilogies more feasible, while the development of mass media and modern global distribution networks has made them more likely to be lucrative. Examples of trilogies in modern fiction include

364-515: The later parts. Furthermore, a commercial librarian had three volumes earning their keep, rather than one. The particular style of mid-Victorian fiction, of a complicated plot reaching resolution by distribution of marriage partners and property in the final pages, was well adapted to the form. In the early nineteenth century the cost of a three-volume novel was five or six shillings per volume. By 1821 Archibald Constable , who published Sir Walter Scott , took advantage of his popularity to increase

392-504: The legal status of Native Americans under U.S. law. Trilogies—and series in general—are common in speculative fiction . Trilogies ( Ancient Greek : τριλογία trilogia ) date back to ancient times. In the Dionysia festivals of ancient Greece , for example, trilogies of plays were performed followed by a fourth satyr play . The Oresteia is the only surviving trilogy of these ancient Greek plays, originally performed at

420-445: The most well known being owned by Charles Edward Mudie . Mudie was able to buy novels for stock for less than half the retail price – five shillings per volume. He charged his subscribers one guinea (21 shillings) a year for the right to borrow one volume at a time, or two guineas a year (£2 2s.) to borrow four volumes at a time. A subscriber who wanted to be sure of reading the whole book without waiting for another subscriber to return

448-525: The next volume had to take out the higher subscription. Their high price meant both publisher and author could make a profit on the comparatively limited sales of such expensive books – three-volume novels were typically printed in editions of under 1,000 copies, which were often pre-sold to subscription libraries before the book was even published. It was unusual for a three-volume novel to sell more than 1,000 copies. The system encouraged publishers and authors to produce as many novels as possible, due to

476-512: The nineteenth century. It was a significant stage in the development of the modern novel as a form of popular literature in Western culture. Three-volume novels began to be produced by the Edinburgh-based publisher Archibald Constable in the early 19th century. Constable was one of the most significant publishers of the 1820s and made a success of publishing expensive, three-volume editions of

504-482: The original, usually for the price of six shillings for the first reprint, with lower prices for later reprints. These were typically three shillings and sixpence for the second reprint, and two shillings for a "yellowback" for railway bookstalls. Publishers like Bentley offered cheap, one-volume reprint editions of many works, with prices falling from six shillings to five shillings in 1847, and to three shillings and sixpence or two shillings and sixpence in 1849, with

532-502: The political ideals of the French Republic ( liberty, equality, fraternity ). Trilogies can also be connected in less obvious ways, such as The Nova Trilogy of novels by William S. Burroughs , each written using cut-up technique . The term is seldom applied outside media. One example is the " Marshall Trilogy ", a common term for three rulings written by U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall from 1823 to 1832 concerning

560-450: The previous price. Mudie's and Smith's issued circulars in 1894 announcing that in future they would only pay four shillings per volume for novels issued in sets, less the customary discounts, with the usual trade practice of supplying thirteen volumes for the price of twelve. This killed the production of the three-volume library editions. The format of the three-volume novel does not correspond closely to what would now be considered

588-409: The price of a single volume to ten shillings and sixpence (half a guinea), or a guinea and a half (31 shillings and sixpence) for all three volumes. This price was equivalent to half the weekly income of a modest, middle-class household. This cost was enough to deter even comparatively well-off members of the public from buying them. Instead, they were borrowed from commercial circulating libraries,

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616-459: The publisher Henry Colburn quickly adopted the format. The number of three-volume novels he issued annually rose from six in 1825 to 30 in 1828 and 39 in 1829. Under Colburn's influence, the published novels adopted a standard format of three volumes in octavo , priced at one-and-a-half guineas (£1 11s. 6d.) or ten shillings and sixpence (half a guinea) a volume. The price and format remained unaltered for nearly 70 years, until 1894. The price for

644-490: The supernatural. Though the era of the three-volume novel effectively ended in 1894, works were still on occasion printed in more than one volume in the 20th-century. Two of John Cowper Powys 's novels, Wolf Solent (1929) and Owen Glendower (1940) were published in two-volume editions by Simon & Schuster in the USA. The Lord of the Rings is a three-volume novel, rather than a trilogy , as Tolkien originally intended

672-621: The withdrawn books sold before deciding the size of the reprint edition, or even whether to reprint at all. Victorian juvenile fiction was normally published in single volumes; for example, while all of G. A. Henty 's juvenile fiction was issued from the start in single volume editions, his adult novels such as Dorothy's Double ( Chatto and Windus , London, 1894), Rujub the Juggler (Chatto and Windus, London, 1895), and The Queen's Cup (Chatto and Windus, London, 1897) were published as three-volume sets. The convention that only adult fiction

700-618: The work to be the first of a two-work set, the other to be The Silmarillion , but this idea was dismissed by his publisher. For economic reasons The Lord of the Rings was published in three volumes from 29 July 1954 to 20 October 1955. The three volumes were entitled The Fellowship of the Ring , The Two Towers , and The Return of the King . Japanese novelist Haruki Murakami has written several books in this format, such as The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle and 1Q84 . However, many translations of

728-515: The works of Walter Scott ; the first was Scott's historical novel Kenilworth , published in 1821, at what became the standard price for the next seventy years. [Archibald Constable published Ivanhoe in 3 volumes in 1820, but also, T. Egerton had been publishing the works of Jane Austen in 3 volumes 10 years earlier, Sense and Sensibility in 1811 etc.] This continued until Constable's company collapsed in 1826 with large debts, bankrupting both him and Scott. As Constable's company collapsed,

756-435: Was a form used for the first publications of many of the works of Charles Dickens , Anthony Trollope and William Thackeray . Many novels by authors such as Wilkie Collins and George Eliot were first published in serial form in weekly and monthly magazines that began to become popular in the middle of the 19th century. Publishers usually offered a single-volume reprint of the three-volume library edition twelve months after

784-758: Was published in three-volume format was so strong that when Bevis, the Story of a Boy by Richard Jefferies (Sampson Low, London) was published in 1882 in three volumes, E. V. Lucas commented in his introduction to the 1904 Duckworth edition that doing so had kept the book out of the hands of its true readers, boys. Colonial editions, intended for sale outside the UK, were normally published as single volume editions. The cheapest works of popular fiction were sometimes referred to pejoratively as penny dreadfuls . These were popular with young, working-class men, and often had sensationalist stories featuring criminals, detectives, pirates or

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