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38-598: Bjørvika is a neighborhood in the Sentrum borough of Oslo , Norway. The area is an inlet in the inner Oslofjord , situated between Gamlebyen and Akershus Fortress . It serves as an outlet for the river Akerselva . Since the 2000s, it has been undergoing urban redevelopment , being transformed from a container port. When completed, the Bjørvika neighborhood will be a new cultural and urban center in Oslo. The multi-purpose medium-rises of

76-589: A foreign enemy. However it surrendered without combat to Nazi Germany in 1940 when the Norwegian government evacuated the capital in the face of the unprovoked German assault on Denmark and Norway (see Operation Weserübung ). During World War II, people were executed here by the German occupiers, including members of the Pelle group . The fortress was liberated on 11 May 1945, when it was handed over to Terje Rollem on behalf of

114-466: A letter from King Haakon to a church in Oslo. However, the letter does not mention how far the construction of the castle had progressed by then. The fortress has successfully survived all sieges, primarily by Swedish forces, including those by forces led by Charles XII in 1716. The fortress was first used in battle in 1308, when it was besieged by the Swedish Erik, Duke of Södermanland . The siege

152-454: A servant of Axel Gyldenstierne, captain of Akershus, was rewarded for bringing letters to the Scottish king. Following the great fire of 1624, King Christian IV made the decision to relocate and rebuild the entire city of Oslo . The king ordered the new city to be located closer to Akershus Fortress, renaming the city Christiania . The fortress was subsequently modernized and remodeled, with

190-606: A union with Sweden. Industrialization started in 1840, initially along the Aker River . The population grew rapidly, and new infrastructure was built. Commercial activities increased, and in 1854 the railway station was opened, connecting Christiania to Lake Mjøsa via the Hoved Line . In 1835, the population was 18,000; by 1890, it had reached 151,000. From 1878, the Oslofjord was kept permanently open with icebreakers . By 1900, Kristiania

228-545: Is a medieval castle in the Norwegian capital Oslo that was built to protect and provide a royal residence for the city. Since the Middle Ages the fortress has been the namesake and centre of the main fief and later main county of Akershus , which was originally one of Norway's four main regions and which included most of Eastern Norway . The fortress itself was located within the Akershus main county until 1919, and also within

266-636: The Barcode Project dominates the skyline to the north; to the east the residential area of Sørenga is under construction. The National Opera is located at Bjørvika, and both the Oslo Public Library and the Munch/Stenersen museum are situated in this neighbourhood, the latter replacing the old Munch Museum in 2020. The Norse form of the name was Bjárvík . The first element is the genitive of býr , "town, city" (modern Norwegian by );

304-536: The Norwegian resistance movement . After the war, eight Norwegian traitors who had been tried for war crimes and sentenced to death were also executed at the fortress. Among those executed were Vidkun Quisling and Siegfried Fehmer . After construction of the castle was finished around 1300, Haakon V gradually started to use the castle as a residential palace, favoring the keep over the Oslo Kongsgård estate despite

342-650: The Oslo T-bane at Jernbanetorget . HAV Eiendom , a subsidiary of the Oslo Port Authority , is responsible for developing the area. When finished, it will have 4–5,000 apartments and about 20,000 jobs. In addition, several major cultural institutions will be located in Bjørvika. It is estimated that 30,000 people will travel to the neighborhood each day. In 2008, the Oslo Opera House opened at Bjørvika. Costing 3.3 billion  kr and built by Statsbygg , it

380-572: The 16th century. Another archaeologist Marja-Liisa Grue supposes that it could be used to carry stones to nearby Akershus Fortress . The archaeologist team believe that the findings will light upon the great city fire of 1624 and the little-known period named Reformation in Norway history. Bjørvika is being redeveloped as part of the Fjord City plans for the Oslo waterfront. In 2010, the Bjørvika Tunnel

418-467: The Oslo Fotballkrets 8 division. The head office of Avinor is located in Bjørvika, on the sea side of Oslo Central Station . 59°54′26″N 10°44′57″E  /  59.90722°N 10.74917°E  / 59.90722; 10.74917 Sentrum, Oslo The district is dominated by high rises like Postgirobygget and The Plaza . Oslo's Central Station is located on the eastern side of

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456-514: The borough. Sentrum consists of Bjørvika which has a history as Oslo 's main harbour. The area is now being rebuilt with modern high rises consisting of the Barcode and also several student apartments, schools and museums. Sentrum is not a borough with an administration. It is partially administered by St. Hanshaugen , and in part directly by the city council. The borough St. Hanshaugen takes care of health and social services. The waterfront near what

494-596: The castle was improved and strengthened. In 1567, during the Northern Seven Years' War , the castle was besieged once more by Swedish forces, but the Danish-Norwegian king's lord lieutenant, Christen Munk , responded by burning down the city in order to deprive the attackers themselves of the means of receiving supplies, and eventually the Swedes retreated. The fortress has never successfully been besieged by

532-476: The central station are twelve medium-rise buildings, up to 22 stories tall. These have officially been christened the Barcode Buildings . The first, the offices of PricewaterhouseCoopers , was completed in 2007. The last building was completed in 2016. The height of the buildings created a heated debate. Bjørvika SK is the local sports club established in 2009. They currently field a soccer team that plays in

570-400: The city was mainly made of wooden buildings, and had six churches, three monasteries and two manors: one for the king and one for the bishop. The city declined during the 15th and 16th century. Following the reformation in 1537, the economic base of the city fell away, and the city was repeatedly struck by fire. Following the 1624 fire, King Christian IV ordered a new city plan, and changed

608-606: The eastern part of the fortress. His Majesty the King's Guard is responsible for guarding the fortress, with stationary guard posts during open hours and mobile patrols at night. One of the stationary guard posts at the entrance is a popular photography spot for tourists visiting the fortress. The castle's Royal Mausoleum is the final resting place of a number of Norwegian royal figures. This includes King Sigurd I , King Haakon V , Queen Eufemia , King Haakon VII , Queen Maud , King Olav V and Crown Princess Märtha . Since restoration of

646-400: The fact that the castle likely was unsuited as a residence. The castle becoming a royal residence also played a significant role in the process where the capital of Norway was moved from Bergen to Oslo . Several significant figures from the Norwegian middle ages, including Haakon V, Queen Euphemia , Ingeborg Eriksdottir and Queen Margaret , all resided at the castle, which functioned as

684-419: The hands of the Norwegian nobleman Knut Alvsson . Akershus was besieged yet again in 1523, this time by Swedish soldiers but Oslo's inhabitants, at the command of Hans Mule, burned down their houses in an attempt to drive them out and the Swedes retreated after a short period. King Christian II besieged the castle from 1531 to 1532 but the siege was lifted by forces from Denmark and Lübeck . After this siege

722-647: The innermost part of Sentrum. Spektrum is located here. Spektrum is one of the major staging facilities in Oslo . Sentrum is located near the Plaza . Several media companies are located here. Various magazines and companies such as Aftenposten , which offices are located in Postgirobygget and TV Norge . An entrance to the Oslo Central Station is located here and Oslo Bus Terminal is being rebuilt and currently serves at

760-504: The last element is vík , "inlet, bay." Oslo was first established in the 11th century in the area around where the Alna River flows into the Oslofjord , due to the strategic location both with regard to transport, trade and military. The place became the seat of a bishop in 1100. By 1300, the population had reached about 3000. Construction of Akershus Fortress started in 1299. At the time,

798-572: The main building, the castle has frequently been used as the venue for official events and dinners for dignitaries and foreign heads of state. After the 22 July attacks in 2011 , the Office of the Norwegian prime minister has been located close to the fortress in a building that originally belonged to the Norwegian Ministry of Defence . Walt Disney World in Bay Lake, Florida just outside Orlando in

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836-598: The main bus terminal in the city. Oslo City is a large shopping mall located near Spektrum . It is a large mall and currently the third largest mall in the Oslo district. 59°54′40″N 10°44′00″E  /  59.9111°N 10.7333°E  / 59.9111; 10.7333 This Oslo location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Akershus Fortress Akershus Fortress ( Norwegian : Akershus Festning , pronounced [ɑkəʂˈhʉːs ˈfɛ̂sːtnɪŋ] ) or Akershus Castle ( Norwegian : Akershus slott [ɑkəʂˈhʉːs ˈslɔtː] )

874-475: The modern Bjørvika district in connection with urban refinement and the construction of a high-speed railway. The ships date back the 1300s-1600s. The project manager and archaeologist of the Norwegian Maritime Museum , Elling Utvik Wammer, noted that the findings are unique in Norway and called them "an archaeological fairytale". The last ship found here in ten meters long is reportedly a cargo ship of

912-424: The name of the city from Oslo to Christiania, in his own honor. A square city grid was introduced, and the first brick buildings were built. The city grew as an important port for lumber export, and the Bjørvika area east of the city developed with port facilities. By 1801, the city had 8900 residents. From 1814, Christiania became the capital of Norway, which had regained partial independence from Denmark and entered

950-490: The new appearance being that of a renaissance castle with Italian inspired bastions . The castle primarily functioned as a palace until the turn of the 19th century, with new towers, halls, chambers and gates being added over time. When the king was absent, the castle functioned as the seat of the Steward of Norway . Akershus has also been a prison, with a section of it known as The Slavery ( Norwegian : Slaveriet ) because

988-588: The official Norwegian royal residence for several decades. The last Norwegian king prior to the establishment of the Kalmar Union , Olaf II , was born at the castle in 1370. In September 1589, Anne of Denmark tried to sail to Scotland when she was betrothed to King James VI , but after difficulties with her ships and weather , she made her way to Akershus with the Scottish Earl Marischal . After they married, when they were at Elsinore ( Kronborg ),

1026-410: The period (the other being Båhus ). It was constructed in response to the Norwegian nobleman, Earl Alv Erlingsson of Sarpsborg 's earlier attack on Oslo that occurred in 1287. In the aftermath of the attack, it became clear that the city's existing defences weren't effective and therefore, a stronger defensive centre was needed. The castle is mentioned in written sources for the first time in 1300 in

1064-559: The port technology. The steady construction of new roads and port facilities created a physical and visual barrier that hindered Oslo from having access to the waterfront. European route E18 took up 1.8 kilometres (1.1 mi) of waterfront, until the Bjørvika Tunnel opened in May 2010. Archaeological findings Archaeologists discovered six medieval ships at least 500 years old in April 2019 in

1102-414: The prisoners could be rented out for work in the city. It has housed many rebels and criminals through Norwegian history. Particularly well-known people to have been imprisoned there include author Gjest Baardsen (1791–1849), and the similarly idealized thief Ole Høiland . Also, many early Norwegian socialists (supporters of Marcus Thrane , 1817–1890) also spent time in the cells of Akershus. The prison

1140-408: The smaller Akershus sub county until 1842. The castle has also been used as a military base, a prison and is currently the temporary office of the prime minister of Norway . It is not known exactly when the construction of the castle started but it is believed that it took place around the late 1290s, by King Haakon V , replacing Tønsberg as one of the two most important Norwegian castles of

1178-604: Was allowed time and means to write the first translation of the Bible into North Sámi . Although still a military area, the Akershus Fortress is open to the public between 6:00 and 21:00 daily. As well as the castle, the Norwegian Armed Forces Museum and Norway's Resistance Museum can also be visited. The Norwegian Ministry of Defence and the country's Defence Staff Norway share a joint modern headquarters in

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1216-597: Was also a plot element in the film Fante-Anne (1920). Following the 1852 Laestadian Sámi revolt in Guovdageaidnu , all men except the two leaders Aslak Hætta and Mons Somby (who were beheaded in Alta ) ended up in Akershus Fortress – the women were imprisoned in Trondheim . Many of the rebels died after a few years in captivity. Among the survivors was Lars Hætta (18 years at the time of imprisonment), who during his stay

1254-519: Was completed, and in 2012, Bispelokket and the rest of the remaining E18 was removed. A new avenue, Dronning Eufemias gate, is constructed along the current route of Bispegata. It will serve as a main route for public transport, and the Ekeberg Line of the Oslo Tramway is planned to be rerouted along the avenue in 2018/2019. The area is just south of Oslo Central Station , and can also be reached via

1292-586: Was designed by Snøhetta . Bjørvika was preferred as a location over Vestbanen . The opera is 38,500 square metres (414,000 sq ft) in size and has a large, slanting roof open to the public. In 2008, the Norwegian Parliament also decided to build the Munch Museum , the Stenersen Museum and the Oslo Public Library at Bjørvika to form a new cultural center. Between Dronning Eufemias gate and

1330-459: Was eventually broken by a local Norwegian army in a battle. (This battle forms a major part of the plot of Sigrid Undset 's historical novel In the Wilderness , the third volume of her tetralogy The Master of Hestviken .) The immediate proximity of the sea was a key feature, for naval power was a vital military force as the majority of Norwegian commerce in that period was by sea. The fortress

1368-524: Was once a harbour is now a cultural centre and where the Oslo Opera House is located. An artificial island is being constructed together with an artificial beach near the Opera. The Munch Museum which replaced the museum at Tøyen is located on the right side of the Opera House. Several canals are built in the apartment district east of the upcoming Munch Museum. The tallest buildings in the city are located in

1406-538: Was strategically important for the capital, and therefore, Norway as well. Whoever controlled Akershus fortress ruled Norway. In 1449-1450 the castle was besieged again, this time by the Swedish king Karl Knutsson Bonde , but he had to lift the siege after a while. The castle was not besieged again until 1502 when Scottish soldiers in the service of the Danish-Norwegian king besieged the castle in order to regain it from

1444-456: Was the leading shipping city in the nation, and among the most important in the world. In 1960, sales of cars exploded following the deregulation of sales. A new road system through Bjørvika was opened in 1970. Ten years later, the Oslo Tunnel connected the city's two railway networks together. Starting in the 1960s, containerization and automation became leading trends in the development of

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