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106-550: Bishoftu is located 47.9 kilometres (29.8 mi) southeast of Addis Ababa along its route 4 highway. It is a resort town , known for its several lakes. The town is located within the Bishoftu volcanic field, an area of Holocene lava flows, cinder cones , tuff rings and maars . Several of the maars are water-filled, forming five crater lakes : Lake Bishoftu , Lake Hora (a base for watersports , many water birds and an annual festival), Lake Bishoftu Guda , Lake Koriftu and

212-530: A center of colonization as well as an experimental agricultural station. The first foundation stone for the houses was laid 9 December 1937, but only 21 dwellings were ready by May 1938. Various administrative and service buildings were also built. The history of the Ethiopian Air Force is tightly woven with the history of Bishoftu. In 1946, the beginnings of what would become the Ethiopian Air Force

318-471: A different variety; 71,186 in civil administration; 50,538 in transport and communication; 42,514 in education, health and social services; 32,685 in hotel and catering services; and 16,602 in agriculture. In addition to the residents of rural parts of Addis Ababa, the city dwellers also participate in animal husbandry and the cultivation of gardens. 677 hectares (1,670 acres) of land is irrigated annually, on which 129,880 quintals of vegetables are cultivated. It

424-449: A few exceptions, and the kebele buildings remained in tenure. The kebele dwelling and their largely unplanned settings continued to incorporated core areas of Addis Ababa . From the end of 1998, new project was launched by Addis Ababa City Administration naming Office for Revision of Addis Ababa Master Plan (ORAAMP), covering from 1999 to 2003. The plan goal was to meet the standard of market economy with favorable political system resembles

530-525: A government or country to develop. Around 1971, the Singapore government submitted a proposal to the United Nations Special Fund. The main purpose of the proposal was to apply for a Special Fund to develop the country's urban. The proposal included Singapore's topographic information and the rough draft of the urban they want to develop. The agreement included the rough draft and the contract from

636-406: A high human development index , and is known for its vibrant culture , strong fashion scene, high civic and political involvement of younger people, a thriving arts scene, and for being the heart of a country with one of the fastest economic growth rates in the world. A study based on DNA evidence from almost 1,000 people around the world suggests that early humans first traveled out of Africa via

742-421: A masterplan; it was hoped Addis Ababa would be a more "colonial" city and continued on after the occupation. Subsequent master plans were designed by French and British consultants from the 1940s onwards, focusing on monuments, civic structures, satellite cities and the inner-city. Similarly, the later Italo-Ethiopian masterplan (also projected in 1986) concerned only urban structure and accommodation services, but

848-458: A metropolis. After some time, Entoto was found to be unsatisfactory as a capital because of its cold climate, lack of water, and an acute shortage of firewood. In 1886, settlement began in the valley south of the mountain in a place called Finfinne, a name which refers to the presence of hot springs. The site was chosen by Empress Taytu Betul. Initially, she built a house for herself near the "Filwuha" hot mineral springs , where she and members of

954-455: A place close to Addis Ababa, spreading from the region to the rest of the planet some time around 100,000 years ago. The research indicated that genetic diversity decreases steadily the further one's ancestors travelled from Addis Ababa. Mount Entoto , a high tableland to the north of current Addis Ababa, is one of a handful of sites put forward as a possible location for a medieval imperial capital known as Barara. This permanent fortified city

1060-745: A project called "Riverside" planned to expand riverbanks for 56 kilometres (35 mi), from the Entoto Mountains to the Akaki River . In October 2022, the government launched Sheger City , an urban development model that contains 12 sub-cities, 36 districts and 40 rural kebeles with its seat located in Saris area in Addis Ababa. The project objective was to feed other satellite cities into Addis Ababa and contribute economic development within enclave. Several human rights groups as well as politicians criticized

1166-524: A result, the Proclamationon No. 47/1975 issued weakened buildings with small amount of living was administered by kebele units, while rental houses with large quality fell under Agency for Rental Housing Administration (ARHA). If those rental properties value less than 100 birr (US$ 48.31), they would be put under kebele administration. The administrative divisions showed an increase of woredas to 25 and 284 kebeles. Hungarian architect C.K. Polonyi

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1272-609: A sound policy at this stage of the Fund's development," After this, they decided to use the new financial rules in the United Nations Special Fund. On general issues relating to Special Fund activities, the representative function was provided by the Governing Council. There were only two views in the Government Council, and the two clientele: international agencies and governments, confronted each other about what subjects should use

1378-688: A total population of 2,739,551 urban and rural inhabitants. For the capital city 662,728 households were counted living in 628,984 housing units, which results in an average of 5.3 persons to a household. Although all Ethiopian ethnic groups are represented in Addis Ababa because it is the capital of the country, the largest groups include the Amhara (47.05%), Oromo (19.51%), Gurage (16.34%), Tigrayan (6.18%), Silt'e (2.94%), and Gamo (1.68%). Languages spoken as mother tongues include Amharic (70.99%), Afaan Oromo (10.72%), Gurage (8.37%), Tigrinya (3.60%), Silt'e (1.82%) and Gamo (1.03%). The religion with

1484-538: A total population of 73,372 of whom 35,058 were men and 38,314 were women. The three largest ethnic groups reported for this town were the Amhara (42.85%), the Oromo (39.40%) and the Gurage (8.30%); all other ethnic groups made up 9.44% of the population. Amharic is spoken as a first language by 71.95%, and 20.12% spoke Oromo ; the remaining 7.93% spoke all other primary languages reported. Concerning religious beliefs, 87.87% of

1590-464: Is a growing industry within Addis Ababa and Ethiopia as a whole. In July 2015, the European Council on Tourism and Trade named Ethiopia the best nation for inbound tourism. The COVID-19 pandemic and Tigray War caused a decrease in tourism. United Nations Special Fund The United Nations Special Fund (UNSF) is a United Nations agency. The mission for the United Nations Special Fund

1696-416: Is a relatively clean and safe city, with the most common crimes being pickpocketing, scams and minor burglary. The city has recently been in a construction boom with tall buildings rising in many places. Various luxury services have also become available and the construction of shopping malls has recently increased. According to Tia Goldenberg of IOL , area spa professionals said that some people have labelled

1802-484: Is less than the nationwide average of 77; at least half of these deaths occurred in the infants' first month of life. The city is partially powered by water at the Koka Reservoir . The economic activities in Addis Ababa are diverse. According to official statistics from the federal government, some 119,197 people in the city are engaged in trade and commerce; 113,977 in manufacturing and industry; 80,391 homemakers of

1908-797: Is located here. According to the Nordic Africa Institute website, other major businesses in Bishoftu include the Ada Flour and Pasta Factory, the Pasqua Giuseppe PLC, the Salmida Leather Products Manufacturing, Ratson (Women Youth Children Development Programme), and Winrock International Ethiopia. The Bishoftu Research Center, founded in 1953, is run by the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research , specializing in agricultural research , which includes acting as

2014-489: Is the capital and largest city of Ethiopia . In the 2007 census, the city's population was estimated to be 2,739,551 inhabitants. Addis Ababa is a highly developed and important cultural, artistic, financial and administrative center of Ethiopia. It is widely known as one of Africa's major capitals. The founding history of Addis Ababa dates back to the late 19th century by Menelik II , Negus of Shewa , in 1886 after finding Mount Entoto unpleasant two years prior. At

2120-590: Is to assist low income, developing countries to recover their economic development. The structure of the United Nations Special Fund secretariat was separated into three units: All the policy-making, proposal examines and supervising of the fund are controlled by the Managing Director.  The unit needs to contact the policy with agencies which execute the policies, the United Nations Secretariat and recipients countries which require to participate in

2226-751: The African Union and the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa . The city lies a few kilometres west of the East African Rift , which splits Ethiopia into two, between the Nubian Plate and the Somali Plate . The city is surrounded by the Special Zone of Oromia, and is populated by people from different regions of Ethiopia. It is home to Addis Ababa University . The city has

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2332-616: The Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), a coalition party in course of overthrowing the Derg , seized Addis Ababa. They entered Menelik II Avenue and ordered a curfew for 24 hours. According to a witness, residents of Addis Ababa were ignorant and not terrified by the event, as the military told them everything was safe. The military went to central locations of the city (such as Hilton Hotel) and displayed banners "Peace, Solidarity, Friendship". At 5:30 am, they took control of

2438-588: The Italian troops from the colony of Eritrea entered Addis Ababa on 5 May 1936. Along with Dire Dawa , the city had been spared the aerial bombardment (including the use of chemical weapons such as mustard gas ) practiced elsewhere in Ethiopia. This also allowed its railway to Djibouti to remain intact. After the occupation, the city served as the Duke of Aosta 's capital for unified Italian East Africa until 1941, when it

2544-586: The 1965 master plan, the city covered an area of 21,000 hectares and would increase to 51,000 hectares by 1984 master plan. In 1965, the first student march took place in response to the feudal imperial government of Haile Selassie, in which they chanted "Land for the Tiller", culminating in a Marxist–Leninist movement in Ethiopia. In addition, the 1973 oil crisis heavily impacted the city. 1,500 peasants in Addis Ababa marched to plead for food to be returned by police, and intellectual from Addis Ababa University forced

2650-480: The 20th century, without any prior planning. Addis Ababa saw a wide-scale economic boom in 1926 and 1927, and an increase in the number of buildings owned by the middle class, including stone houses filled with imported European furniture. The middle class also imported newly manufactured automobiles and expanded banking institutions. During the Italian occupation, urbanization and modernization steadily increased through

2756-500: The 30-hectare site incorporates a castle with 12 towers, along with 520 meters of stone walls measuring up to 5-meter high. The city's immediate predecessor as the capital of Ethiopia, Entoto, was established by Menelik II in 1884. In addition, he had used it for a garrison base. Menelik, initially the King of the Shewa province, had found Mount Entoto a useful base for military operations in

2862-499: The Economic and Social Council to build up their own governing body Council. The representatives are equally selected from developed countries and developing countries. This is a cooperation between the United Nations Special Fund and the Malta government. It explained what the special fund provides and how the special fund could connect to the Malta government. This agreement shows the use of

2968-580: The Italo-Ethiopian master plan was set up by 45 Ethiopian professional along with 75 Italian experts with 207 sectorial reports documented as references. The plan dealt with a balanced urban system and services in urban area such as water supply. Akaki incorporated to Addis Ababa to supply industrial and freight terminal services. The bureaucratic rule of the Derg postponed the master plan for eight years until 1994, which caused failure of basic issues in public service and unplanned development. On 28 May 1991,

3074-403: The Managing Director has been paying attention to the progress of implementation. There were some preparations he made that could help the project to be completed faster, such as the project experts involved in the preparation of the operation. The Special Fund has published a plan of operation, so the plan stipulates the standard of the content of individual plans to facilitate the agencies to sign

3180-607: The Shewan Royal Court liked to take mineral baths. Other nobility and their staff and households settled in the vicinity, and Menelik expanded his wife's house to become the Imperial Palace in 1887 which remains the seat of government in Addis Ababa today. In 1886, the city was renamed to Addis Ababa as the capital of Menelik's kingdom of Shewa. It become the capital of Ethiopia in 1889, when Menelik became Emperor. The town grew by leaps and bounds. Not only for nobles, but also

3286-472: The Soviet-supplied Air Force. The airbase was also used to detain several dozen senior military officers after the capture of the capital. On 2 October 2016 at Irreechaa celebration security forces fired tear gas at protesters forcing them to panic and as a result 52 people lost their lives after falling into ditches around Lake Hora. On 10 March 2019, Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 crashed near

Bishoftu - Misplaced Pages Continue

3392-529: The State of Oromia, shall be respected. Particulars shall be determined by law." In 2000, Oromia's capital was moved from Addis Ababa to Adama. Because this move sparked considerable controversy and protests among Oromo students, the Oromo Peoples' Democratic Organization (OPDO), part of the ruling EPRDF coalition, on 10 June 2005, officially announced plans to move the regional capital back to Addis Ababa. Due to

3498-601: The USA and the UK had insisted that the level of fund they contributed will highly depend on how much they could save from the national defense spending. In order to contribute more fund, the only way to achieve this is to accept the world disarmament plan by the United Nations. However, the French representative thought that all countries rely on the funds from disarmament is unwise. French support

3604-499: The USA and the UK to establish a special fund agency in the United Nations. Although the Soviet Union representative presented the concept that the US will not accept multilateral fund, because that will represent the untrusted on World Bank, Export-Import Bank, and other America's bank by the developing countries. Because of that, the proposal on establishing a special fund can not move on. At

3710-404: The United Nations Special Fund for a country, which can develop Malta's social progress and technology, increase economic growth, and help people in Malta improve their living standards. Also, the precondition of the agreement is the government and special fund needs to have a friendly cooperation spirit. This agreement is an example to understand what area the United Nations Special Fund could help

3816-522: The United Nations Special Funds were established in 1964, to release the pressures on the organization, they chose to liberalize the financial rules. Under the rules, the income level for the special fund largely depended on the donation level from other developed countries. The donor countries think some of the proposals are unrealistic and they have a disagreement on how the funds should be distributed. The donor nations want to make sure that

3922-460: The United Nations' technical assistance in some basic areas, the United Nations decided to establish a special fund program on October 14, 1958. The Special Fund will focus on developing manpower, industry, agriculture, transportation, and communications, construction and housing, health, education, statistics for those countries which apply for the Special Fund. Also, this article clearly introduces

4028-431: The agreement and operations with the Special Fund and governments. Beyond that, the governments and the international agencies have to take responsibility for the problems, but the only thing the Managing Director can do is exhort. After the eighth session (January 1963), the Managing Director has the power to cancel the projects which not operation within one year after the United Nations Special Fund approval. Since

4134-508: The city's accelerated population growth was due to factors of provisional governors and their troops, the 1892 famine, and eventually the Battle of Adwa . Another includes the 1907 land act, municipal administration in 1909, and a railway and modernized transportation system boom beginning in the 20th century, culminating in continual growth. Additional supplements, for example the laying of Ethio-Djibouti Railways and topographical factors further led

4240-402: The city's boundary to expand southward. Gebrehiwot Baykedagn took major administrative division post, and Addis Ababa–Djibouti railways in 1916, which also connects Addis Ababa with French Somaliland port of Djibouti. Ras Tafari Mekonnen, later became Emperor Haile Selassie I was the most powerful figure in the city following his appointment in 1917. He transformed the city by recognizing

4346-486: The city's position near the Equator means that temperatures are very constant from month to month. As such the climate would be maritime if its elevation was not taken into account, as no month is above 22 °C (72 °F) in mean temperatures. Mid-November to January is a season for occasional rain. The highland climate regions are characterised by dry winters, and this is the dry season in Addis Ababa. During this season

Bishoftu - Misplaced Pages Continue

4452-501: The city, "the spa capital of Africa." The Ethiopian Airlines has its headquarters on the grounds of Addis Ababa Bole International Airport in Addis Ababa. The city hosts the We Are the Future centre, a child care centre that provides children with a higher standard of living. The centre is managed under the direction of the mayor's office, and the international NGO Glocal Forum serves as

4558-404: The city, with plans to build more. Values for other reported common indicators of the standard of living for Addis Ababa as of 2005 include the following: 0.1% of the inhabitants fall into the lowest wealth quintile; adult literacy for men is 93.6% and for women 79.95%, the highest in the nation for both sexes; and the civic infant mortality rate is 45 infant deaths per 1,000 live births, which

4664-406: The country. Nestled at an elevation of around 1,900 meters (6,200 feet) above sea level, Bishoftu benefits from cooler temperatures year-round, making it a pleasant escape from the heat of the lowlands. The town experiences two main seasons: a rainy season from June to September and a dry season from October to May. During the rainy season, Bishoftu is lush and green, with frequent showers that nourish

4770-419: The daily maximum temperatures are usually not more than 23 °C (73 °F), And the night-time minumum temperatures will range from 5°C to 10°C and can drop to freezing. The short rainy season is from February to May. During this period, the difference between the daytime maximum temperatures and the nighttime minimum temperatures is not as great as during other times of the year, with minimum temperatures in

4876-461: The day after he had left. In the aftermath, Addis Ababa suffered from economic stagnation and rapid population growth, the inner-city affected by urban morphology initiated by Italian occupation and the peripheral area were in urban sprawl. In 1946, Haile Selassie invited famous British master planner Sir Patrick Abercrombie with goals of modelling and beautifying the city to become the capital for Africa. By this organizing model, Abercrombie launched

4982-483: The end of the voting, there were 77 in favor, 0 opposed, and 1 abstention. Because of that, on January 1, 1959, the United Nations Special Fund officially established. After the United Nations Special Fund established, the representatives begin to discuss how to contribute and distribute the fund. The representatives of the United Nations supported the United States' proposal during the meeting and believed that they have

5088-536: The foot of Mount Entoto and forms part of the watershed for the Awash . From its lowest point, around Bole International Airport , at 2,326 metres (7,631 ft) above sea level in the southern periphery, Addis Ababa rises to over 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) in the Entoto Mountains to the north. The city is divided into 10 boroughs, called subcities ( Amharic : ክፍለ ከተማ , kifle ketema), and 99 wards ( Amharic : ቀበሌ , kebele ). The 10 subcities are: *Lemi-Kura sub-city

5194-578: The fund. Those were controlled by the Government Council Managing Director, who has the power to determine how to deal with these two clienteles and establish his policy accordingly. Indeed, the Managing Director has to be sensitive enough to interpret various positions of the Council members. The success of the United Nations Special Fund is based on his ability to take responsibility for the Council with his explanation. In order to expand

5300-680: The fundraiser and program planner and coordinator for the WAF child centre in each city. Each WAF city is linked to several peer cities and public and private partners to create a unique international coalition. Launched in 2004, the program is the result of a strategic partnership between the Glocal Forum, the Quincy Jones Listen Up Foundation, and Mr Hani Masri, with the support of the World Bank , UN agencies and major companies. Tourism

5406-406: The funds will not be wasted and use them to develop the economic system. Because of that, if the divergence between the donor countries and the recipient countries cannot be solved, the Special Fund system has to go through a tremendous change. If they find a way to solve the problem and have an agreement, it will face a quiet and respectable future. One member in the council believed that to solve

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5512-489: The government to take a measure against the spreading famine, a report which Haile Selassie government denounced as "fabrication". Haile Selassie responded later "rich and poor have always existed and will, Why? Because there are those that work...and those that prefer to do nothing...Each individual is responsible for his misfortunes, his fate." Students around the city gathered to protest in February 1974; eventually Haile Selassie

5618-631: The historical and natural connection between the city and the Oromo people, the Oromia Government has asserted its ownership of Addis Ababa. Both the current mayor of Addis Ababa, Adanech Abebe , and the former mayor, Takele Uma Banti are from the former ruling party of Oromia. Addis Ababa lies at an elevation of 2,355 metres (7,726 ft) and is a grassland biome , located at 9°1′48″N 38°44′24″E  /  9.03000°N 38.74000°E  / 9.03000; 38.74000 . The city lies at

5724-491: The importance of modernization and urbanization, and he distributed wealth to support emerging class. From this point, Ras Tafari gained a legitimate power as regency council in 1918. By 1926 and 1927, a large-scale economic revolution occurred, a surplus of coffee production began growing as a result of capital accumulation . Profiting from this wealth, the bourgeoisie benefited the city by constructing new, stone-fitted houses with imported European furniture and an importation of

5830-483: The international agencies supported this recommendation because they understand that the total program allocations should continue to be limited to the level of current resources available to the Fund. Consider the relations between the international agencies and the Government Council, it was not a surprise that they were supporting the Council "generally supported the recommendations of the Working Group as representing

5936-496: The landscape. In contrast, the dry season brings clear skies and warm, sunny days, though temperatures remain comfortable, rarely reaching extremes. This balanced climate, coupled with the town's picturesque lakes and rolling hills, makes Bishoftu an inviting destination for both residents and visitors. Bishoftu, as a definite entity, did not come into existence until after the Second World War . Accounts of earlier travelers call

6042-521: The last two days of the Second Committee meeting of the General Assembly, all governments reach a consensus.  On December 14, 1957, the General Assembly decided to establish a special fund in the United Nations for technical assistance for developing countries instead of a capital development fund. On October 14, 1958, the vote for establishing the Special Fund started in the United Nations, at

6148-514: The latest automobiles, and expansion of banks across the locales. The total register of automobiles were 76 in 1926 and went to 578 in 1930. The first popular road transportation opened between Addis Ababa and Djibouti, about 97 miles northward in the direction of Dessie . Initially intended to connect Italian occupied Assab with Addis Ababa in the Italo-Ethiopian Treaty of 1928 , the road was considered for motor vehicle travel. The highway

6254-448: The length of time. Because it takes time between the Governing Council's approval to the project proposal and the signature of this request that agrees to the operation. Theoretically, the time the Governing Council approves the proposal for the experts and equipment to arrive in the country to start of this proposal will take about six months. However, the actual time of the progress was averaged over nine months. The reason caused by this

6360-403: The main purpose of the United Nations Special Fund is to develop economies. Overall, the order of the United Nations Special Fund is to use as the technical assistance to help countries to develop their economics and government departments. After the United Nations Special Fund was established, the early stages of the operation, the cooperation, and the development requests were heavily reliance on

6466-621: The master plan in summer 1936 likely emphasizing fascist ideology with monumental structure and no native Ethiopian participation in designing sector. Two parallel axis were drawn in European character connecting Arada /Giyorgis with the railway station to the south end five kilometers long and varied width spanning from 40 to 90 meters. On 5 May 1941, the city was liberated by Major Orde Wingate and Emperor Haile Selassie for Ethiopian Gideon Force and Ethiopian resistance in time to permit Emperor Haile Selassie's return on 5 May 1941, five years to

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6572-549: The master plan with neighborhood units surrounded by green parkways, and he was encouraged to draw ring roads characterized by radial shapes to channel traffic pathway from the central area. His careful master plan of a major traffic route was completed by segregating neighborhood units, as he extracted from his 1943 London traffic problem. In 1959, the British consultant team named Bolton Hennessy and Partners commissioned an improvement of Abercrombie's 1954–1956 satellite towns. From

6678-399: The most believers in Addis Ababa is Ethiopian Orthodox with 43% of the population, while 33% are Muslim , 20% Protestant , and 0.48% Catholic . Ethnic groups of Addis Ababa (2007) Religion in Addis Ababa (2007) In the previous census, conducted in 1994, the city's population was reported to be 2,112,737, of whom 1,023,452 were men and 1,089,285 were women. At that time, not all of

6784-497: The most efficient way to distribute the fund. Also, the United States' opinion was it is impossible to solve all the issue for one country at once. Therefore, the best way was to distribute the fund through international agencies. This could ensure all the fund will not be wasted and all used in the right place. However, the recipient countries disagree with this proposal because they believed the donor countries will introduce their political and economic system to them compulsorily. Also,

6890-514: The national center for research to improve the yield of teff , lentils , chickpeas , and poultry . In January 2007 Bishoftu became the new home of Meserete Kristos Seminary (formerly Meserete Kristos College), a seminary owned by the Meserete Kristos Church . Addis Ababa Addis Ababa ( / ˌ æ d ɪ s ˈ æ b ə b ə / ; Amharic : አዲስ አበባ , lit.   'new flower' [adˈdis ˈabəba] )

6996-477: The new airbase 24 December 1946, and on 10 November 1947, a fleet of 16 Saab-built B-17s were landed at Bishoftu by Swedish pilots. Bishoftu has had telephone service since 1954. Bishoftu Technical High School was established in 1958 with a 5-year course for boys 12–15 years of age. An Evangelical College had been founded two years before, which was a joint undertaking of Swedish, Norwegian, and German Evangelical missions. The Evangelical College's first headmaster

7102-441: The operation cost, labors, raw materials, the services fee for experts and other people who participate in the operation in local currencies. Those are all the problems that appeared during the operation, agencies in the United Nations and governments all knew those problems. However, they consider those problems as the characteristic of the decade of multilateral aid programming. Although there are many things that could be improved,

7208-654: The place, they did not incorporated outer area like Mekenissa and West of the old Air Port in the proposal, while Rapi, Gefersa, Kaliti and Kotebe proposed as outlet of Jimma , Ambo and Dessie respectively (the four regional highways). The Hennessy and Partners illustration would be physically larger to current size of Addis Ababa with surrounded satellite towns . In 1965, the French Mission for Urban Studies and Habitat led by Luis De Marien launched another master plan responsible to create monumental axis through Addis Ababa City Hall with an extension across Gofa Mazoria in

7314-618: The plan was intended to focus on the general architectural plan of the city. Two preparations were approved from the master plan: the Le Corbusier and Guidi and Valle. During an invitation to Mussolini, the French Swiss architect Le Corbusier illustrated the master plan in a guideline sketch involving a traversing route monumental structure by a grand boulevard across the city from north to south, as he extracted from his 1930–1933 Radiant City concept. His two counterparts, Guildi and Valle prepared

7420-549: The population said they practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity , 6.93% were Protestants , and 4.02% were Muslim . The city is home for the National Veterinary Institute of Ethiopia, established in 1963, the leading veterinary vaccine research and production center currently producing more than 20 livestock vaccines. Next door to the national veterinary institute is the school of veterinary medicine of Addis Ababa University. The Gafat Armament Engineering Complex

7526-545: The population were urban inhabitants; only 2,084,588 or 98.7% were. For the entire administrative council there were 404,783 households in 376,568 housing units, with an average of 5.2 persons per household. The major ethnic groups included the Amhara (48.27%), Oromo (19.24%), Gurage (13.54%; 9.40% Sebat Bet , and 4.14% Sodo ), Tigrayan 7.65%, Silt'e 3.98%, and foreigners from Eritrea 1.34%. Languages spoken included Amharic (72.64%), Afaan Oromo (10.01%), Gurage (6.45%), Tigrinya (5.41%), and Silt'e 2.29%. In 1994

7632-439: The predominant religion was also Ethiopian Orthodox with 82.0% of the population, while 12.67% were Muslim , 3.87% Protestant , and 0.78% Catholic . According to the 2007 national census, 98.64% of the housing units of Addis Ababa had access to safe drinking water , while 14.9% had flush toilets, 70.7% pit toilets (both ventilated and unventilated), and 14.3% had no toilet facilities. In 2014, there were 63 public toilets in

7738-476: The presidential palace and large-scale tanks were seen entering the area. A new constitution was adapted in 1994 and enacted a year later; while all cities in Ethiopia accountable rule by regional authority, Addis Ababa (Proclamation No 87/1997) and Dire Dawa (Proclamation No 416/2004) remained chartered cities, with mandates for self-governing and developmental centers. The Proclamation No. 112/1995 legitimized privatization of many government buildings, with

7844-442: The problems of development, they should have consistent economic policies at the international level and they should try to formulate those policies. Those policies have to focus on the long-term and comprehensive for investment activities, those policies should ensure it has positive and helpful impacts on the development part of the developing countries. Because there are various areas needs to develop. They were suggested to consider

7950-503: The process to build Sheger City due to inciting mass house demotions that belonged to non-Oromo ethnic group, regional disparity by violating the constitutional rights of Oromo people. Addis Ababa is located in the heart of the Oromia state and the major ecosystem services to the city provided by Oromia state. The city was abandoned by the Oromo since the late 19th century due to its conquest by Menelik. Oromos were physically removed from

8056-422: The proposal and contribute, then, it will provide them clear order about the policy after the meetings. The Bureau of operations has headquarters controlled about how to developing and planning the requests of each country's requests, then, they have to evaluate those requests, prepare for the proposal about the project, select the appropriate agencies to complete the request, at the end, they need to check and follow

8162-430: The range of 10–15 °C (50–59 °F). At this time of the year, the city experiences warm temperatures and pleasant rainfall. The long wet season is from June to mid-September; it is the coldest time of the year. This period coincides with summer, but the temperatures are much lower than at other times of year because of the frequent rain and hail and the abundance of cloud cover and fewer hours of sunshine. This time of

8268-479: The region "Adda", although one Swedish memoir from 1935 mentions a village named "Bishoftu"; the future Cabinet minister Makonnen Habte-Wold was born in this village. At about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi; 0.54 nmi) from Adda, on land that had been owned partly by Emperor Haile Selassie I , the Italians started Azienda Agraria di Biscioftu dell'Opera Nazionale per i Combattenti on 15,000 hectares, intending to create

8374-424: The request when the projects start to operation. Another important mission this unit responsible for is to negotiation between the agencies and the recipient countries. The Bureau of operations needs to develop the agreement and contact the executing agencies, recipients governments, United Nations, international organizations when there is no disagreement.  The function of the unit of joint administrative services

8480-733: The revised 1986 master plan in terms of urban area. A controversial plan to expand the boundaries of Addis Ababa, by 1.1 million hectares into the Oromia special zone in April 2014, sparked the Oromo protests on 25 April 2014 against expansion of the boundaries of Addis Ababa. The government responded by shooting at and beating peaceful protesters. This escalated to full blown strikes and street protests on 12 November 2015 by university students in Ginchi town, located 80 km southwest of Addis Ababa city, encircled by Oromia Region. The controversial master plan

8586-566: The seasonal Lake Cheleklaka . Other nearby points of interest include Mount Yerer , Green Crater Lake and Lake Hora Kiloli . Bishoftu is also home to the Ethiopian Air Force and the Harar Meda Airport ( ICAO HAHM, IATA QHR), as well as a station on the Addis Ababa–Djibouti Railway . Bishoftu, a town located in the Oromia region of Ethiopia, enjoys a temperate climate that is relatively mild compared to other parts of

8692-515: The site attracted numerous working classes including artisans, merchants, and foreign visitors. Early residential dwelling was typically made of circular huts; walls were constructed with mud (Amharic: ጭቃ, cheka ) and straw plastered on a wooden frame and thatched roofs. Addis Ababa's growth rate began with early rapid urbanization without preplanned intention. This was the time where nobilities embarked on concentrated permanent settlement, and altered by social patterns; i.e. each neighborhoods ( sefer )

8798-399: The south of his realm, and in 1879 he visited the reputed ruins of the medieval town and the unfinished rock church. His interest in the area grew when his wife Taytu began work on a church on Mount Entoto, and Menelik endowed a second church in the area. It was given that Menelik had strong interest to settle in the area due to a partial influence of establishing his old empire and serving as

8904-560: The south of the Awash River in 1529, an event witnessed and documented two years later by the Yemeni writer Arab-Faqih. The suggestion that Barara was located on Mount Entoto is supported by the very recent discovery of a large medieval town overlooking Addis Ababa located between rock-hewn Washa Mikael and the more modern church of Entoto Maryam, founded in the late 19th century. Dubbed the Pentagon,

9010-567: The southern part of the city. Marien's difference to the previous Italian master plan was the use of single monumental axis while they used the double one. Haile Selassie also helped to form the Organisation of African Unity in 1963, which was later dissolved in 2002 and replaced by the African Union (AU), which is also headquartered in the city, airports and industrial parks. The United Nations Economic Commission for Africa founded in 1958, also has its headquarters in Addis Ababa. Addis Ababa

9116-418: The three types of agreements about Special Fund: an agreement between the Special Fund and the implementing agency; an agreement between the Special Fund and the requesting Government; and an action plan for a specific project signed by the Special Fund, the implementing agency, and the recipient government. (United Nations Special Fund. 1958) After that, the Special Fund selected 18 countries representatives from

9222-462: The time, the city was a resort town ; its large mineral spring abundance attracted nobilities of the empire and led them to establish permanent settlement. It also attracted many members of the working classes – including artisans and merchants – and foreign visitors. Menelik II then formed his imperial palace in 1887. Addis Ababa became the empire's capital in 1889, and subsequently international embassies were opened. Urban development began with

9328-459: The total needs of pre-investment and all the resources required to complete this investment. This could be the first step in formulating the policies. The agencies accepted the Managing Director's suggestion and the report recommended. From January 1963, the Governing Council have to consider the ceiling of new earmarkings for every new calendar year about the level of new pledges and other resources applicable to that year. There were several members of

9434-466: The town of Bishoftu. All 157 people aboard perished. The 2007 national census reported a total population for Bishoftu of 99,928, of whom 47,860 were men and 52,068 were women. The majority of the inhabitants said they practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity , with 79.75% of the population reporting they observed this belief, while 13.82% of the population were Protestant , and 4.98% of the population were Muslim . The 1994 census reported Bishoftu had

9540-600: The vicinity of the city during the Haile Selassie and Derg eras. Article 49(5) of the Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia states: "The special interest of the State of Oromia in Addis Ababa, regarding the provision of social services or the utilization of natural resources and other similar matters, as well as joint administrative matters arising from the location of Addis Ababa within

9646-499: The year is characterised by dark, chilly and wet days and nights. The autumn which follows is a transitional period between the wet and dry seasons. The highest temperature on record was 30.6 °C (87.1 °F) 26 February 2019, while the lowest temperature on record was 0 °C (32 °F), recorded on multiple occasions. As of the 2007 population census conducted by the Ethiopian national statistics authorities, Addis Ababa has

9752-593: Was Sven Rubenson . The Animal Health Assistants Training School was established in Bishoftu in 1963, with financial support by the United Nations Special Fund . The artist Lemma Tesefa Kesime was born (1956) in Bishoftu. He studied at the Art School 1972-1974 and received his M.A. from the Soviet Union in 1983. Returning to Ethiopia, Lemma Tesefa became a teacher at the art school in Addis Ababa. Bishoftu

9858-595: Was abandoned in favor of Amba Alagi and other redoubts during the Second World War 's East African Campaign . According to Soviet estimates, 15,000 Ethiopians casualties were victims of chemical weapons, especially by sulfur mustard . The Italian ambition regarding Addis Ababa was to create a beautified colonial capital city along with a new master plan launched by seven architects such as Marcello Piacentini , Alessandro Bianchi, Enrico Del Debbio , Giuseppe Vaccaro , Le Corbusier , Ignazio Guidi and Cesare Valle . Despite contradictory and different ideas for each other,

9964-409: Was added as the eleventh sub-city of Addis Ababa in 2020 Addis Ababa has a subtropical highland climate ( Köppen : Cwb ) with precipitation varying considerably by the month. The city has a complex mix of alpine climate zones, with temperature differences of up to 10 °C (18 °F), depending on elevation and prevailing wind patterns. The high elevation moderates temperatures year-round, and

10070-517: Was also the favored weekend retreat of Emperor Haile Selassie , who built a palace in the town, named "Fairfield" after his wartime home in exile in the town of Bath, England. Armed forces of the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front bypassed the capital and occupied Bishoftu in May, 1991, bringing order to the area after the collapse of the Mengistu government, taking control of what remained of

10176-537: Was also the site of the Council of the Oriental Orthodox Churches in 1965. Pankhurst (1962) noted in a survey of total land of 212 square kilometers, 58% owned by 1,768, owing to 10,000 square meters, and 12% were given to church whereas other small areas were still acquired in the name of posthumous nobilities such as Dejazemach Wube Haile Mariam , Fitawrari Aba Koran, and a bridge named "Fitawrari Habtegiorgis" after Habte Giyorgis Dinagde . According to

10282-424: Was cancelled on 12 January 2016. By that time, 140 protesters were killed. United Nations Population Projections estimated the population of metro area of Addis Ababa to be 5,228,000 in 2022, a 4.43% increase from 2021. During Abiy Ahmed 's premiership, Addis Ababa and its vicinities underwent Beautifying Sheger . This project is aimed to enhance the green coverage and beauty of the city. In 2018, Abiy initiated

10388-402: Was established during the early to mid-15th century and it served as the main residence of several successive emperors up to the early 16th-century reign of Libne Dengel . The city was depicted standing between Mount Zuqualla and Menegasha on a map drawn by the Italian cartographer Fra Mauro in around 1450, and it was razed and plundered by Ahmed Gragn while the imperial army was trapped on

10494-482: Was important to the French railway of Djibouti and freight rate was very high with a lack of competition , and increase of cargo between Ethiopia and Assab. In 1930, the Emperor was crowned and proceeded with new technologies and building infrastructure. Among them, he installed power lines and telephones, and erected several monuments (such as Meyazia 27 Square ). Following all the major engagements of their invasion ,

10600-558: Was later adapted by the 2003 masterplan. Addis Ababa is a federally-chartered city in accordance with the Addis Ababa City Government Charter Proclamation No. 87/1997 in the FDRE Constitution . Called "the political capital of Africa" due to its historical, diplomatic, and political significance for the continent, Addis Ababa serves as the headquarters of major international organizations, such as

10706-436: Was located on higher grounds, noncontiguous from adjacent settlements. The early social milieu contributed the contemporary admixture of a classic neighborhood. One of Emperor Menelik's contributions that are still visible today is the planting of numerous eucalyptus trees along the city streets. Moreover, the city held strong social organization patterns prior to the Italian invasion. According to Richard Pankhurst (1968),

10812-631: Was moved from Lideta airport in Addis Ababa , which was needed by Ethiopian Airlines , to Bishoftu. The initial group of 19 Swedes under Count Carl Gustaf von Rosen , who were to train the pilots and support personal, arrived there after leaving Sweden between 9 January and 16 July 1946. Both Ethiopian cadets and the Swedish instructors took part in constructing the first buildings on the base. Six Saab 91 Safir training airplanes were bought in Sweden and flown to

10918-472: Was providing supervision services to the Fund. This unit only pays the adscititious costs which are for operations. The history of The United Nations Special Fund was a compromise result in the twelfth session of the General Assembly in 1958. There were two different opinions and proposals during the meeting. When the Americans and the British discuss the possibility of establishing a special developing fund, both

11024-453: Was successfully deposed from office in 1974 by a group of police officers. Later, the group named themselves Derg , officially "Provisional Military Administrative Council" (PMAC). The city had only 10 woredas. After the Derg came to power, roughly two-third of housing stock transferred to rental housing. The population growth declined from 6.5% to 3.7%. In 1975, the Derg nationalized "extra" rental structures built by private stockholders. As

11130-462: Was the first person to embark the city's master plan during the Derg period with assistance of the Ministry of Urban Development and Housing. He used two formula concentrating an integration Addis Ababa with suburbs of rural areas and developing inner-city. Polonyi also worked to redesign Meskel Square , which was renamed Abiyot Square by the time, implemented immediately after the name change. In 1986,

11236-419: Was they underestimated how much time they needed to spend to complete negotiations about individual agreements and planning of how to progress this request. Also how to organize the experts who participate in the operation, the staff from the executing agencies, and the time on delivery of the equipment the operation needs. All those things will take a long period to complete. However, the government needs to pay

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