40-1085: "Birtwhistle" redirects here. For the poet, see John Birtwhistle . Birtwistle is a surname. Notable people with that surname or similar surnames include: Adam Birtwistle (born 1959), British artist Alexander Birtwistle (born 1948), retired British Army officer Archibald Cull Birtwistle (1927–2009), retired British Army officer Eva Birthistle , Irish actress and writer Gordon Birtwistle (born 1943), British Liberal Democrat politician Harrison Birtwistle (1934–2022), British contemporary composer Iris Birtwistle (1918–2006), English poet and gallery owner Margaret Birtwistle (1925–1992), British track and field athlete Mark Birtwistle (born 1962), New Zealand rugby union player Sue Birtwistle (born 1945), producer and writer of television drama Thomas Birtwistle (1833–1912), English trade unionist and factory inspector See also [ edit ] Birtles (disambiguation) Birtley (disambiguation) [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with
80-465: A daily basis. He describes their diverse activities, including child labor, and sums up that he had noticed "a lot of ill-dressed people," but no unemployed ones. He expands observations of a year-round abundance of fruit, vegetables and fish into a historical comparison of the southern and northern peoples. The latter, due to climatic and agricultural conditions, were forced by nature in a completely different way to prepare for hard winters, which results in
120-494: A group of poems on Connemara as "altogether admirable for their exact and loving observation." Peter Jay wrote that Birtwhistle "produces a dazzling array of poems on a range of historical, political and personal subjects. These lucid, witty, tender poems, by turns serious and comic, are full of felicitous surprises and unexpected turns of imagination." Poet Carol Rumens wrote in The Guardian that "[Birtwhistle's] work
160-572: A longer stop in Venice and a very short stop in Florence , he arrives in Rome. It was here that he met several respected German artists, and made friends with Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Tischbein and notable Neoclassical painter, Angelica Kauffman . He visited the famous art collections of Rome with her and her husband Antonio Zucchi . Other artists he frequently met were the painter Johann Friedrich Reiffenstein and
200-535: A number of friends in Germany, which he later used as the basis for Italian Journey . Italian Journey initially takes the form of a diary, with events and descriptions written up apparently quite soon after they were experienced. The impression is in one sense true, since Goethe was clearly working from journals and letters he composed at the time – and by the end of the book he is openly distinguishing between his old correspondence and what he calls reporting . But there
240-418: A privy councilor and thus made the journey economically possible in the first place. Goethe repeatedly emphasized in his letters how much the artistic impressions of Italy inspired his own artistic work, repeatedly spoke of a "rebirth", a "new youth" and tried to justify the increasing length of his absence. He regularly sends home newly-made manuscripts to demonstrate his continued production. The Italian journey
280-684: A thoughtful and admiring interest in art. Using Palladio and Johann Joachim Winkelmann as touchstones for his artistic growth, Goethe expands his scope of thought in regards to Classical concepts of beauty and the characteristics of good architecture. Indeed, in his letters he periodically comments on the growth and good that Rome has caused in him. The profusion of high-quality objects of art proves critical in his transformation during these two years away from his hometown in Germany. Goethe stayed almost three months in Rome , which he described as "the First City of
320-659: A writing fellowship at the University of Southampton (1978–80) and a Poetry Book Society recommendation for Our Worst Suspicions (1985). Birtwhistle has had three concert libretti set and performed. Some of his early poems were translated by Ștefan Augustin Doinaș and published in Romanian. His 1996 libretto for The Fabulous Adventures of Alexander the Great by composer David Blake was translated into Greek. From 1980 to 1992, Birtwhistle
360-488: Is also a strong and indeed elegant sense of fiction about the whole, a sort of composed immediacy. Goethe said in a letter that the work was "both entirely truthful and a graceful fairy-tale." It had to be something of a fairy-tale, since it was written between thirty and more than forty years after the journey, in 1816 and 1828–29. The work begins with a famous Latin tag, Et in Arcadia ego , although originally Goethe used
400-517: Is certainly worth the trouble it took to get here. However, he does not indulge himself predominantly in literary reflections or thoughts on the classics of art. Instead, he observes his new surroundings closely. For example, he contradicts the German travel author Johann Jacob Volkmann who speaks of "thirty to forty thousand idlers" in Naples, by observing in detail what members of the lower classes deal with on
440-414: Is consistently both shaped and calm, and energised by the various tides it travels." Italian Journey Italian Journey (in the German original: Italienische Reise [itaˈli̯eːnɪʃə ˈʁaɪzə] ) is Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 's report on his travels to Italy from 1786 to 1788 that was published in 1816 & 1817. The book is based on Goethe's diaries and is smoothed in style, lacks
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#1732855589999480-635: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles John Birtwhistle John Birtwhistle (born 1946) is an English poet published by Carcanet Press . His libretto for David Blake ’s opera The Plumber’s Gift (1989) was staged by English National Opera at the London Coliseum and broadcast on BBC Radio 3 . Birtwhistle won an Eric Gregory Award from the Society of Authors in 1975. His poetry has been recognized by an Arts Council bursary, an Arts Council creative writing fellowship (1976–78),
520-607: Is married to a Consultant Anaesthetist and since 1992 he has lived in Sheffield with his family. Birtwhistle has been described by Ian Hughes as a "master craftsman." Dick Davis wrote that Birtwhistle’s poems “celebrate the vulnerable and immediate.” Dennis O’Driscoll commented in Hibernia that "a sweeping imagination ranges over past and future, pastoral and urban themes" and John Heath-Stubbs described Birtwhistle as "an ambitious and original poet, not afraid to take chances", singling out
560-564: Is modeled on Italian palazzi with antique plaster casts and reliefs, as well as charcoal drawings of the Elgin Marbles . The Park an der Ilm is filled with a staffage building based on a Roman country house drawn by Goethe, a pompeian bench or the cast of a sacrificial altar from Herculaneum. What does not appear in the book are the numerous erotic experiences that Goethe was able to have in Italy, for example with his Roman lover Faustina. However,
600-403: Is universal, the possibility of paradise might be universal too. This possibility wouldn't preclude its loss, and might even require it, or at least require that some of us should lose it. The book ends with a quotation from Ovid 's Tristia , regretting his expulsion from Rome. Cum repeto noctem , Goethe writes in the middle of his own German, as well as citing a whole passage: "When I remember
640-527: The surname Birtwistle . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Birtwistle&oldid=1085047085 " Categories : Surnames English-language surnames Surnames of English origin Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
680-555: The German painter Christoph Heinrich Kniep . There he devoted himself intensively to the then largely unknown Greek ruins in Agrigento . In Palermo , Goethe searched for what he called "Urpflanze," a plant that would be the archetype of all plants. In his journal, Goethe shows a marked interest in the geology of Europe's southern regions. He demonstrates a depth and breadth of knowledge in each subject. Most frequently, he pens descriptions of mineral and rock samples that he retrieves from
720-545: The German translation, Auch ich in Arkadien , which alters the meaning. This Latin phrase is usually imagined as spoken by Death – this is its sense, for example, in W. H. Auden 's poem called "Et in Arcadia ego" – suggesting that every paradise is afflicted by mortality. Conversely, what Goethe's Auch ich in Arkadien says is "Even I managed to get to paradise," with the implication that we could all get there if we chose. If death
760-843: The World." His company was a group of young German and Swiss painters lodging with Tischbein, Friedrich Bury , Johann Heinrich Meyer , Johann Heinrich Lips and Johann Georg Schütz. He sketched and did watercolours, experimented with modeling a head of Hercules and even shortly toyed with the idea of turning from a writer into a painter when he took painting lessons from Jakob Philipp Hackert in Naples. But he soon realized his limitations in this field. He visited famous sites, rewrote his play Iphigenia , and thought about his Collected Works , already in progress back home. He could look back now on what he called his " salto mortale " ( somersault ), his bid for freedom, and he had explained himself in letters to his mistress and friends. But he couldn't settle. Rome
800-619: The conditions and milieu of a once highly – and in certain respects still – cultured area endowed with many significant works of art. Apart from the impetus to study the Mediterranean's natural qualities, he was first and foremost interested in the remains of classical antiquity , furthermore in Renaissance , but much less in the then predominant Baroque art. Medieval art he treated with complete contempt. During his stay in Assisi , he did not visit
840-450: The ennobled ducal minister, tried not to withdraw from socializing in Naples. Rather, passed around by the philosopher Prince Gaetano Filangieri , he allowed himself to be invited to aristocratic palaces and socialized with the British ambassador Sir William Hamilton and his wife Lady Emma . In some places Goethe also inserts anecdotes, for example about Filangieri's unconventional sister who
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#1732855589999880-611: The famous Giotto frescoes in the Basilica of San Francesco d'Assisi . Many critics have questioned this strange choice. In Verona , where he enthusiastically commends the harmony and fine proportions of the city amphitheater, he asserts this is the first true piece of Classical art he has witnessed. Venice , too, holds treasures for his artistic education, and he soon becomes fascinated by the Italian style of living. He acquires Andrea Palladio 's printed works and studies them intensively. After
920-522: The governor. After returning to Rome from Sicily via Naples in June 1787, Goethe decided, instead of returning home to Weimar as planned, to stay in Rome for another winter, which turned out to be almost a whole year. He delayed his departure until after Easter the following year and did not leave until April 1788. Besides Iphigenia , he also finished his play Egmont in September 1787. Some journeys – Goethe's
960-632: The most famous portraits of Goethe, Goethe in the Roman Campagna . Goethe looked everywhere for ancient works of art, in museums and private collections, travelled twice to the Royal Palace of Portici where the excavations from Pompeii and Herculaneum were exhibited, he visited the Greek temples in Paestum several times. While Tischbein stayed in Naples looking for commissions, Goethe went on to Sicily with
1000-430: The mountains, crags, and riverbeds of Italy. He also undertakes several dangerous hikes to the summit of Mount Vesuvius , where he catalogues the nature and qualities of various lava flows and tephra . He is similarly adept at recognizing species of plant and flora, which stimulate thought and research into his botanical theories. While more credibility can be attributed to his scientific investigations, Goethe maintains
1040-400: The night..." He is already storing up not only plentiful nostalgia and regret, but also a more complicated treasure: the certainty that he didn't merely imagine the land where others live happily ever after. "We are all pilgrims who seek Italy," Goethe wrote in a poem two years after his return to Germany from his almost two-year spell in the land he had long dreamed of. For Goethe, Italy was
1080-405: The objects I see," literally "to learn to know myself by or through the objects." He also writes of his old habit of "clinging to the objects," which pays off in the new location. He wanted to know that what he thought might be paradise actually existed, even if it wasn't entirely paradise, and even if he didn't in the end want to stay there. While in Italy, Goethe aspired to witness and to breathe
1120-591: The rest". The poet himself remained inspired by his travel impressions throughout his life. Goethe's house in Weimar is filled with antique works of art and pictures that allude to Italy, as was his parents' house in Frankfurt, since his father Johann Caspar Goethe had brought numerous copper engravings back from a trip to Italy between 1740 and 1741; the father had also written a travel book (in Italian). The Weimar staircase
1160-497: The sights: One may write or paint as much as one likes, but this place, the shore, the gulf, Vesuvius, the citadels, the villas, everything, defies description. I can't begin to tell you of the glory of a night by full moon when we strolled through the streets and squares to the endless promenade of the Chiaia , and then walked up and down the seashore. I was quite overwhelmed by the feeling of infinite space. To be able to dream like this
1200-457: The spontaneity of his diary report and is augmented with the addition of afterthoughts and reminiscences. At the beginning of September 1786, when Goethe had just turned 37, he "slipped away," in his words, from his duties as Privy Councillor in the Duchy of Weimar , from a long platonic affair with a court lady and from his immense fame as the author of the novel The Sorrows of Young Werther and
1240-456: The stormy play Götz von Berlichingen , and he took what became a licensed leave of absence. He was able to persuade his employer, Duke Karl August , to agree to a paid absence. By May 1788 he had travelled to Italy via Innsbruck and the Brenner Pass and visited Lake Garda , Verona , Vicenza , Venice , Bologna , Rome and Alban Hills , Naples and Sicily . He wrote many letters to
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1280-439: The warm passionate south as opposed to the dank cautious north; the place where the classical past was still alive, although in ruins; a sequence of landscapes, colours, trees, manners, cities, monuments he had so far seen only in his writing. He described himself as "the mortal enemy of mere words" or what he also called "empty names." He needed to fill the names with meaning and, as he rather strangely put it, "to discover myself in
1320-532: The writer Karl Philipp Moritz . Goethe lived with Tischbein in his flat in Via del Corso 18, Rome, today Casa di Goethe , a museum on the Italian Journey . He stayed there from October 1786 until February 1787 when they travelled together to Naples and Goethe went on to Sicily , and again from June 1787 until April 1788. Tischbein shared the house with a number of other German and Swiss painters. He painted one of
1360-544: The “Nordic industry” being much more efficient. On the other hand, the Neapolitan poor understand at the same time “to enjoy the world at its best” – like all classes there “do not work in their own way just to live, but to enjoy, and that they even want to find happiness in their work." Basically, Goethe has a positive attitude towards the Italian mentality and art of living and hopes to be able to adopt some of them for himself and his future life in Weimar. Unlike in Rome, Goethe,
1400-524: Was a Lecturer in English at the University of York, teaching mainly the seventeenth century and Romantic periods. He has written on Goethe’s Italian Journey and on Humphry Davy . He has edited and annotated John Clare 's essay Popularity in Authorship . From 2012 to 2017, he was a literary contributor and eventually an Associate Editor of the quarterly BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care . Birtwhistle
1440-487: Was also the subject of correspondence with friends in Italy after Goethe's return to Weimar (published in 1890 by Otto Harnack ). The journey to Italy by Duchess Anna Amalia from 1788 to 1790 was also inspired by Goethe's letters. One result of his trip was that after his return to Weimar he separated his poetic from his political existence by asking the duke to release him from many of his previous duties so that he could do “what no one but I can do, and let other people do
1480-410: Was full of remains, but too much was gone. "Architecture rises out of its grave like a ghost." All he could do was "revere in silence the noble existence of past epochs which have perished for ever." It is at this point, as Nicholas Boyle puts it clearly in the first volume of his biography, Goethe began to think of turning his "flight to Rome... into an Italian journey." From February to May 1787 he
1520-569: Was in Naples and Sicily . He climbed Vesuvius , visited Pompeii , found himself contrasting Neapolitan gaiety with Roman solemnity. He was amazed that people could actually live in the way he had only imagined living and in an emotional passage he wrote: Naples is a paradise; everyone lives in a state of intoxicated self-forgetfulness, myself included. I seem to be a completely different person whom I hardly recognise. Yesterday I thought to myself: Either you were mad before, or you are mad now. and about
1560-406: Was married to the old prince Filippo Fieschi Ravaschieri and enjoyed offending his clerical guests, as Goethe describes with delight. Or about the tyrannical governor of Messina , whose lunch table, filled with dozens of guests, is not allowed to start until soldiers have searched the whole city for Goethe, who had innocently skipped the meal for sightseeing not aware he had the place of honor next to
1600-574: Was one – really are quests. Italian Journey is not only a description of places, persons and things, but also a psychological document of the first importance. The Italian Journey is divided sequentially as follows: The reception of Goethe's Italian journey did not begin with the much later publication of his travel diaries from 1813 to 1817. It begins on the journey itself, especially since Goethe tried to let his friends in Weimar share his experiences by means of numerous letters, not least Duke Carl August, who ultimately continued to pay him his salary as
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