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30-798: Bingara (Aboriginal for 'creek') is a small town on the Gwydir River in Murchison County in the New England region of New South Wales , Australia . Bingara is currently the administrative centre for the Gwydir Shire that was created in 2003. The Gwydir River being a main highlight of the town is a main catchment of the Murray-Darling System. Bingara is located 141 km north of Tamworth , 54 km west of Inverell , 449 km north of Sydney and 358 km south west of Brisbane. Bingara

60-490: A Ramsar site as a wetland of international importance. Some 1,021 square kilometres (394 sq mi) of the Gwydir Wetlands have been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area because, when they receive adequate water inflows, they support more breeding waterbirds than any other site in the country. At times more than half a million nesting waterbirds have been present, including over 1% of

90-455: A humid subtropical climate ( Köppen : Cfa, Trewartha : Cfak/Cfal ), with hot summers and cool winters. [REDACTED] Media related to Bingara, New South Wales at Wikimedia Commons [REDACTED] Bingara travel guide from Wikivoyage Gwydir River Gwydir River / ɡ w aɪ d ər / (locally [gwɑe̯də] ), a major inland perennial river of the Barwon catchment within

120-553: A higher tongue position) than their contemporary Received Pronunciation equivalents. However, a recent short-front vowel chain shift has resulted in younger generations having lower positions than this for these three vowels. The vowels of Australian English can be divided according to length. The long vowels, which include monophthongs and diphthongs , mostly correspond to the tense vowels used in analyses of Received Pronunciation (RP) as well as its centring diphthongs. The short vowels, consisting only of monophthongs, correspond to

150-610: A revised transcription based on Durie and Hajek (1994) and Harrington, Cox and Evans (1997) but also shows the Mitchell-Delbridge equivalents as this system is commonly used for example in the Macquarie Dictionary and much literature, even recent. It differs somewhat from the ad hoc Misplaced Pages transcription used in this article. In a few instances the OED example word differs from the others given in this table; these are appended at

180-584: Is $ 743 which is lower than the national median of $ 1,438. Bingara sporting life consists of the Bingara Bullets (rugby league), Gwydir River Rats (rugby union) and the Bingara District Cricket Association (cricket) with the representative team being Gwydir First XI. Notable sporting people include Andrew Hart (ex St George), sports broadcaster David Fordham , and Sydney jockey Adrian Robinson also originates from Bingara. Bingara has

210-819: Is 488 kilometres (303 mi), in which space and thirty-four tributaries feed into it over its entire length; including the Horton River, Warialda Creek , Laura Creek and Moredun Creek . The traditional custodians of the land surrounding the Gwydir River were the Aboriginal Kamilaroi peoples. Explorer Allan Cunningham crossed the river at Gravesend in 1827 and named it after his patron, Peter Burrell, Baron Gwydyr ( Welsh pronunciation: [ˈɡwɪdˈiː.ər] ), who took his title from Gwydir Castle in Wales . The Commonwealth Electoral Division of Gwydir , which

240-472: Is also found in Cockney, where it occurs as a common alternative to the glottal stop in the intervocalic position. The word butter [ˈbaɾɐ] as pronounced by an Australian or New Zealander can be homophonous with the Cockney pronunciation (which could also be [ˈbaʔɐ] instead). AusTalk is a database of Australian speech from all regions of the country. Initially, 1000 adult voices were planned to be recorded in

270-604: Is located very close to Myall Creek , the site of the massacre of 27 to 30 Indigenous Australians. Before British colonisation the Bingara region was within the country of the Wirraayaraay people. In 1827, British explorer Allan Cunningham crossed the Gwydir River near Bingara. At the time he mistook the river to be the Peel River , but realised his mistake on his return journey. British colonisation at Bingara began in 1836 with

300-643: The TRAP vowel in Australia. Historically, the Australian English speaking manuals endorsed the lengthening of /ɔ/ before unvoiced fricatives however this has since been reversed. Australian English lacks some innovations in Cockney since the settling of Australia, such as the use of a glottal stop in many places where a /t/ would be found, th-fronting , and h-dropping . Flapping , which Australian English shares with New Zealand English and North American English,

330-455: The 2016 census of Population, there were 1,428 people in Bingara. 82.7% of people were born in Australia and 88.2% of people only spoke English at home. The most common responses for religion were Anglican 38.6%, Catholic 16.8% and No Religion 15.2%. It is a popular site for retirement with 57% of the population aged 55 years and over, compared to the national average of 27.6% and a median age of 61. The median weekly household income for Bingara

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360-500: The Barwon River , north east of Collarenebri ; descending 616 metres (2,021 ft) over its 488-kilometre (303 mi) course . The flow of the river is impounded by Copeton Dam , with storage used for town water supply, stock, domestic use and irrigation. The Gwydir River below Copeton Dam provides some of the wildest whitewater rafting available in Australia. Before the construction of Copeton Dam and much diversionary work,

390-640: The Murray–Darling basin , is located in the Northern Tablelands , North West Slopes , and Orana districts of New South Wales , Australia . The river rises at the junction of the Rocky River and Boorolong Creek, at Yarrowyck , northwest of Uralla and flows generally northwest and west, joined by over thirty-four tributaries , including the Horton and Mehi rivers, before reaching its confluence with

420-751: The Gingham, Lower Gwydir and Mallowa and other smaller systems. These conflicts resulted in the establishment of the Gwydir Regulated River Management Committee in 1997 and then the Gwydir Environmental Contingency Allowance Operation Advisory Committee when the Gwydir Water Sharing Plan came into effect on 1 July 2004. Some 800 hectares (2,000 acres) of the privately owned Gwydir Wetlands were designated on 14 June 1999 as

450-519: The Gwydir River flowed into the Gingham and Lower Gwydir Wetlands . The Gwydir Highway was named after the river. The Gwydir river rises on the southern part of the Northern Tablelands, near the town of Uralla, and flows about 668 km (415 mi) generally north west and then west onto the plains where it branches somewhat, eventually joining the Barwon River, mostly as its main branch

480-528: The Lower Gwydir or "Big Leather Watercourse" is the southern channel, and the "Gingham Channel" is the northern branch. The Gingham Channel flows west and becomes undefined in wetlands and floodplains around west of Moree. Only in larger flood events does it then join with the Ballone Creek before it flows into the Barwon River. The Big Leather Watercourse then also loses definition in wetlands and floodplains to

510-612: The Mehi River, which branches off to the east of Moree, before passing through it. The upper Gwydir River also passes the towns of Bundarra , Bingara , Gravesend , and Pallamallawa . Further distributaries above Moree are the Carole which then joins with the GilGil Creek to the north that flow into the Barwon River when during times of high rainfall/runoff or water deliveries. The Gwydir River further splits into two anabranch west of Moree –

540-490: The RP lax vowels. There exist pairs of long and short vowels with overlapping vowel quality giving Australian English phonemic length distinction . There are two families of phonemic transcriptions of Australian English: revised ones, which attempt to more accurately represent the phonetic sounds of Australian English; and the Mitchell-Delbridge system, which is minimally distinct from Jones' original transcription of RP. This page uses

570-441: The area and, accompanied by Hall's armed stockmen, exacted a "terrible retribution upon the blacks". The creek running through Bingara is named Hall's Creek after Thomas Simpson Hall. The discovery of gold in 1852 brought prospectors to the area. In the 1880s, copper and diamonds were discovered also, causing a rapid development of the town. Bingara is one of the few places in Australia where diamonds have been found. In fact, Bingara

600-442: The arrival of the pastoralist squatter Thomas Simpson Hall . Hall established the Bingara leasehold as a sheep and cattle station . The local Aborigines initially resisted Hall's incursion and both Aboriginal and Europeans were killed in the resulting skirmishes. Hall himself received a spear wound to his head during one of these battles. A detachment of New South Wales Mounted Police under Sergeant John Temple were dispatched to

630-634: The common label " southern hemisphere Englishes". Like the other two varieties in that group, Australian English pronunciation bears some similarities to dialects from the South-East of Britain; Thus, it is non-rhotic and has the trap-bath split although, as indicated above, this split was not completed in Australia as it was in England, so many words that have the PALM vowel in Southeastern England retain

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660-438: The end of the second column following a semicolon. Australian English consonants are similar to those of other non-rhotic varieties of English. A table containing the consonant phonemes is given below. Australian English pronunciation is most similar to that of New Zealand English ; many people from other parts of the world often cannot distinguish them but there are differences. New Zealand English has centralised /ɪ/ and

690-513: The other short front vowels are higher. New Zealand English more strongly maintains the diphthongal quality of the NEAR and SQUARE vowels and they can be merged as something around [iə] . New Zealand English does not have the bad-lad split , but like Victoria has merged /e/ with /æ/ in pre-lateral environments. Both New Zealand English and Australian English are also similar to South African English , so they have even been grouped together under

720-487: The period between June 2011 and June 2016. By the end of it, voices of 861 speakers with ages ranging from 18 to 83 were recorded into the database, each lasting approximately an hour. The database is expected to be expanded in future, to include children's voices and more variations. As well as providing a resource for cultural studies, the database is expected to help improve speech-based technology, such as speech recognition systems and hearing aids . The AusTalk database

750-458: The west and only larger floods joins with the Barwon River to the west. In turn, the Mehi River joins the Barwon River near the town of Collarenebri. Over its entire distance, the Gwydir River falls around 616 metres (2,021 ft) in elevation from its headwaters, at an elevation of 760 metres (2,490 ft) above sea level to when it joins the Barwon River at an elevation of 144 metres (472 ft) above sea level. The Gwydir River's total length

780-733: The world populations of nankeen night herons , intermediate egrets , and of white and straw-necked ibises . The endangered Australasian bittern , Black-necked stork and other threatened species have been recorded. The Namoi River snapping turtle or Bell's turtle ( Elseya belli ) is found only in the upper reaches of the Namoi , Gwydir and Macdonald Rivers on the NSW North West Slopes. 30°S 151°E  /  30°S 151°E  / -30; 151 Australian English phonology The Australian English vowels /ɪ/ , /e/ and /eː/ are noticeably closer (pronounced with

810-560: Was calculated that the cotton industry consumed 87% of the agricultural water taken from the Gwydir River. Irrigation in the upper Gwydir led to a severe reduction in natural flows downstream. The reduction in water flow has affected landholders who traditionally grazed on wetlands and floodplains and in areas where the waters from the river were used to supplement stock drinking water and for minor watering of pasture and small areas of crops. It also reduced or stopped periodical flushes of water into ephemeral creeks, watercourses and wetlands in

840-491: Was created in 1901 and ceased to exist at the 2007 federal election , was named for the Gwydir River. In Australia the name is pronounced to rhyme with "wider," whereas the Welsh name is pronounced roughly "Gwidd-eer". The iron lattice bridges crossing the Gwydir River at Bundarra and Bingara are regarded as significant bridges of the colonial period. Around mid-1838 a war of extirpation, according to local magistrate Edward Denny Day,

870-416: Was the largest producer of diamonds in Australia at that time. Bingara changed the spelling of its name from Bingera to Bingara in 1890. The first Bingera Post Office opened on 1 January 1853 and was renamed Upper Bingera in 1862 and closed in 1868. The second Bingera office opened in 1862 and was renamed Bingara in 1890. Bingara has a number of heritage-listed sites, including: According to

900-473: Was waged all along the Gwydir River. Aborigines in the district were repeatedly pursued by parties of mounted and armed stockmen and Day claimed that great numbers of them had been killed at various spots. A lot of irrigated cotton is grown near Moree, as well as many other crops, livestock and agricultural enterprises. The cotton industry relies on irrigation and has been affected by recent drought with water allocations to farms severely reduced. In 2006 it

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